ESTRATEGIAS DE COPING QUE UTILIZAN LAS ENFERMERAS DE URGENCIAS HOSPITALARIAS

Santana, Thiago da Silva; Servo, Maria Lúcia Silva; Sousa, Anderson Reis de; Fontoura, Elaine Guedes; Góis, Rebeca Maria Oliveira de; Merces, Magno Conceição das

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

analizar las Estrategias de Coping que utilizan las enfermeras de urgencias hospitalarias.

Método:

estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y cualitativo, realizado con 15 enfermeras de un servicio de emergencia de un hospital público de un municipio del estado de Bahía, Brasil. Se utilizó la entrevista en profundidad semiestructurada. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo de abril a junio del año 2017. Los hallazgos están anclados en el método del Discurso Colectivo del Sujeto, sustentado en el marco teórico de Coping.

Resultados:

destaca la presencia de situaciones generadoras de estrés en el trabajo del enfermero de urgencias hospitalarias, dando lugar a repercusiones sociales, laborales y psicosomáticas, Trastornos emocionales o psiquiátricos que afectan la funcionalidad del cuerpo, englobando las repercusiones físicas. El desarrollo de Estrategias de Coping surge ante la necesidad de afrontar los factores estresantes. Implican el uso de recursos personales, sociales y espirituales, y se revelan en respuestas positivas y/o negativas. El discurso reveló que, al enfocarse en el problema (manejo del estresor), buscan fortalecer el apoyo social, planificar sus actividades diarias y establecer una relación dialógica y de ayuda mutua con el equipo; cuando se centran en la emoción (regulación de emociones o angustia), ejercen la búsqueda y mantenimiento del control emocional, practican el autocontrol, se alejan del elemento estresante e invierten en prácticas de actividad física y ocio.

Conclusión:

la enfermera emplea diferentes Estrategias de Coping, esenciales e indispensables para evitar elevar los niveles de estrés y desencadenar repercusiones negativas. Las estrategias emprendidas evidenciadas se centran a veces en el problema, a veces en la emoción.

DESCRIPTORES:
Estrategias de coping; Enfermero; Estrés laboral; Servicios de salud de emergencia; Hospitales públicos

[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Thiago da Silva Santana tssantana@uefs.br

Strategy	Statement
Problem-focused strategy:	Every nurse has a different way of dealing with stress, I've gotten used to it, I've worked on my emotions, I've learned to live with it here, there are times when I can't totally disconnect from the emergency, because of the stressors, I accept reality as it presents itself, I try to keep calm and control of the situation, I know what I'm doing, have security and try to act rationally in order to provide the best patient care, it makes all the difference. Here in the emergency unit, we work together, we know that we do not work alone, we always depend on each other, so I maintain a good relationship within my group, the nursing team and with other professionals as well, doctors and physiotherapists, it is a way for us to work better, on the basis of dialogue to try to solve day-to-day problems, such as the lack of materials and equipment and deal with bad working conditions. I plan my activities and work with priorities, which is more urgent, I have done what is within my ability, I try to maintain a relationship of transparency with patients and family members, I supervise the sector, I participate in meetings, training, I am always studying to improve my knowledge. I vent with colleagues, family members, open my heart, I've asked to change sector a few times, I've cried several times here in the emergency room.
Emotion-centered strategy:	Nowadays, when I leave my shift, I try to leave all the problems related to work here. In the first few years, I couldn't disconnect, today, I try to work everything out here, I try to separate things, I don't talk or think about them, I try not to take anything home. I have a little daughter, for me maybe my therapy is to spend more time with her. I try to have some leisure moments in order to have a healthy life, do physical activity and run four times a week, do training courses, try to participate in meetings and family events. I participate in meetings with colleagues outside the hospital to talk about our personal life outside the hospital context to try to reduce stress. I ask God for support because we have many problems not only in the emergency room but in the whole hospital, but this is the moment that we have to rest and ask God to help.