Proposal for a body balance training program for children through an integrative literature review

Romero, Marta de Vargas; Mota, Helena Bolli; Nóro, Letícia Arruda; Santos Filha, Valdete Alves Valentins dos

doi:10.1590/1982-0216/202123211520

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

REVIEW ARTICLES • Rev. CEFAC 23 (2) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216/202123211520 copy

Proposal for a body balance training program for children through an integrative literature review

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to verify, in the literature, the proposals to rehabilitate the vestibular function, so as to propose a training program for body balance for children.

Methods:

this article sought studies that proposed to rehabilitate or train body balance in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) databases, in addition to digital sources from Brazilian public universities. As descriptors, the terms “rehabilitation”, “balance” and “child” were used, combined with the Boolean operator AND. The variables analyzed were: public submitted to the intervention, number of subjects and age group, number and frequency of sessions, number and/or time of execution of the exercise, duration of the session and the program.

Results:

17 (60.74%) articles were Brazilian, 14 (50%) used the Cawthorne and Cooksey protocol, 9 (32.14%) studied children, and the majority (67.85%) organized the program in weeks. A body balance training program, stimulating the three body balance systems, consisting of 30-minute sessions twice a week for 7 weeks, totaling 14 sessions, was developed.

Conclusion:

the analysis of the variable related to the protocol/strategy to rehabilitate the vestibular function indicated that no study proposed the stimulation of the three body balance systems, with no standardization for children, adults and the elderly. A vestibular function rehabilitation program was developed for children, with stimulation of these three systems, expanding the therapeutic possibilities in this area.

Keywords:
Postural Balance; Rehabilitation; Child

Authors Country	Protocol Strategy	Audience and Age group (in years)	Sessions	Periodicity	Repetition exercise	Duration Session	Duration Program
Bittar et al. (2002) Brazil⁶	Cawthorne and Cooksey	24 children 4 to 15	4	1st day 15th day 30th day 60th day	10	No	8 weeks
Medeiros et al. (2003) Brazil⁷	Cawthorne and Cooksey	10 children 5 to 10	4	1st day 15th day 30th day 60th day	No	No	8 weeks
Nishino et al. (2005) Brazil²¹	Personalized vestibular rehabilitation (including Cawthorne and Cooksey)	37 adults 21 to 87	1 to 15	Once a week	No	No	No
Ribeiro and Pereira (2005) Brazil²³	Cawthorne and Cooksey	15 elderly 60 to 69	27	3 times a week	From 4 seconds to 2 minutes	60 minutes	9 weeks
Zanardini et al. (2007) Brazil²⁸	Cawthorne and Cooksey	8 elderly 63 to 82	112	Twice a week	No	No	8 weeks
Mantello et al. (2008) Brazil¹⁸	Cawthorne and Cooksey	40 elderly 60 a 84	4 to 8	Biweekly	No	No	No
Patatas et al. (2009) Brazil²²	Personalized vestibular rehabilitation (based on Cawthorne and Cooksey, Herdman, Davis and O’Leary )	22 adults 16 to 87	Variable	Once a week	No	No	Minimum 6 weeks
Rogatto et al. (2010) Brazil²⁶	Association between sensory integration therapy with protocol of Cawthorne and Cooksey	1 adult 47	10	Twice a week	10	30 minutes	10 weeks
Mirelman et al. (2011) Israel³¹	Activities for posture, static and dynamic balance through audio-bio-feedback (ABF System)	7 adults 59 to 85	18	3 times a week	No	45 minutes	6 weeks
Morezetti et al. (2011) Brazil²⁰	Exercises de Davis & O´Leary (1994) and UNIFESP standardized vestibular rehabilitation protocol	20 adults 33 to 88	8	Once a week	10	10 a 45 minutes	No
Martini (2012) Brazil¹⁹	Virtual reality strategy using Wii Fit® da Nintendo	7 adults 55 to 75	10	Twice a week	3 to 6	No	5 weeks
Ricci (2013) Brazil²⁴	Cawthorne e Cooksey (conventional) and Cawthorne e Cooksey (modified)	82 elderly equal or over 65	16	Twice a week	No	50 minutes	8 weeks
Garcia et al. (2013) Brazil¹⁴	Vestibular rehabilitation through Balance Rehabilitation Unit (BRU) (experimental group)	44 adults 18 to 60	12	Twice a week	No	No	6 weeks
Marioni et al. (2013) Italy³⁷	Isolated exercises protocol and combined exercise protocol (vestibular rehabilitation assisted by computerized posturography	28 elderly mean 74	6	Once a week	1 minute (isolated exercises) and 2 minutes (with support of posturography)	30 minutes	6 weeks
Alahmari et al. (2014) USA³⁶	Personalized protocol (control) and protocol based on virtual reality	38 adults 27 to 78	6	Once a week	4 minutes	45 a 60 minutes	6 weeks
Leong et al. (2014) USA⁸	Saccadic training through The King-Devick Remediation Software	76 children mean 6,58	18	3 times a week	No	20 minutes	6 weeks
Rocha Junior et al. (2014) Brazil²⁵	VertiGO protocol! (based on Cawthorne and Cooksey)	9 elderly equal or over 60	30	Twice a week	30 to 50	50 minutes	12 weeks
Macedo (2014) Brazil¹⁶	Cawthorne and Cooksey	36 elderly 65 to 70	Variable	Twice a week	No	50 minutes	Minimum 12 and maximum 16 weeks
Goulème et al. (2015) France⁹	Estrategy Multitest Equilibre from Framiral	32 children Mean 9,9	1	Single	Single 3 minutes	3 minutes	1 day
McCoy et al. (2015) USA³⁰	Sensorimotor Training to Affect Balance, Engagement and Learning (STABEL) system (virtual reality)	22 children 8 to 16	1	Single	3 blocks 6 minutes	No	1 day
Tsukamoto et al. (2015) Brazil²⁷	Personalized protocol - Manual cervical therapy -Exercises for shoulder girdle -Cawthorne and Cooksey -Proprioceptive and balance training	20 adults 20 to 80	12	Once a week	No	60 minutes	12 weeks
Ozgen et al. (2016) Turkey³⁸	Personalized protocol designed for the study	40 adults 22 to 60	8	Once a week	Approximately 1 minute	30 to 45 minutes	8 weeks
Fong et al. (2016) Hong Kong¹⁰	Protocol based on Movement Assessment Battery for Children Manual - MABC)	88 children mean 7,9	24	Twice a week	5 to 10 minutes	No	12 weeks
Lofti et al. (2016) Iran¹¹	Ppediatric balance therapy - PTB	Children 4 to 12	No	No	8 to 10 repetitions (1 to 2 minutes)	No	Variable 4 to 10 weeks
Manso et al. (2016) Brazil¹⁷	Cawthorne e Cooksey (control group) and ocular fixation stimulus protocol (experimental group)	40 adults 23 to 63	12	Twice a week	1 to 3 minutes	40 minutes	6 weeks
Jafarlou et al. (2017) Iran¹²	Protocol based on oculomotor tests of vectoelectronystagmography	50 children 8 to 12	16	Twice a week	No	60 minutes	8 weeks
Ebrahimi et al. (2017) Iran¹³	Own protocol	24 children 7 to 12	24	3 times a week	1 a 2 minutes	45 minutes	8 weeks
Longo et a. (2018) Brazil¹⁵	Cawthorne and Cooksey	13 adults 42 to 65	8	No	No	20 minutes	No

ABRAMO Associação Brasileira de Motricidade Orofacial Rua Uruguaiana, 516, Cep 13026-001 Campinas SP Brasil, Tel.: +55 19 3254-0342 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistacefac@cefac.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Corresponding address: Marta de Vargas Romero, Estrada Antônio Inácio de Ávila, 450, casa 33, CEP: 97095-040 - Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, E-mail: mvromero@bol.com.br

DAY 1
Activity	Focus	Time/repetition	Material
To keep feet apart (approximately 10 cm between feet) on a stable base with open eyes directed at a fixed point on the wall.	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	______
To keep feet apart on a stable base (approximately 10 cm between feet) with closed eyes.	Vestibular Somatosensory	1 minute Repeat 3 times	______
To keep feet together on a stable base with open eyes directed at a fixed point on the wall.	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	______
To keep feet together on a stable base with closed eyes.	Vestibular Somatosensory	1 minute Repeat 3 times	______
To walk in a straight line between 2 tapes with 20 cm between them and 5 m long (in the first free attempt, being able to look at the floor, and in the next ones looking at a fixed point on the wall) .*	Vestibular Visual	To take the round trip 3 times	Blue adhesive tape
To walk in a straight line between 2 tapes with 20 cm between them and 5 m long with closed eyes *	Vestibular	To take the round trip 3 times	Blue adhesive tape
To look to the right without visual stimulation (only eyes move, the head remains immobile). Stay in position for 10 seconds. Return to the Center.	Visual	Repeat 3 times	_______
To look to the left without visual stimulation (only eyes move, the head remains immobile). Stay in position for 10 seconds. Return to the Center.	Visual	Repeat 3 times	_______
To look up without visual stimulation (only eyes move, the head remains immobile). Stay in position for 10 seconds. Return to the center.	Visual	Repeat 3 times	_______
To look down without visual stimulation (only eyes move, the head remains immobile). Stay in position for 10 seconds. Return to the center.	Visual	Repeat 3 times	_______
Play: imitation of animals (in group).	To reinforce trained movements and postures	Each child was given the figure of 1 animal to imitate. Colleagues should guess.	Animal figures: Frog, bird, horse, snake, lion, alligator, kangaroo
DAY 2
Activity	Focus	Time/repetition	Material
To keep feet together on a stable base with open eyes directed at a fixed point on the wall.	Vestibular Somatossensory Visual	1 minute Repetition 3 times	______
To keep feet together on a stable base with closed eyes.	Vestibular Somatosensory	1 minute Repetition 3 times	______
To place the right foot in front of the left on a stable base looking at a fixed point on the wall.	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repetition 3 times	______
To place the left foot in front of the right on a stable base looking at a fixed point on the wall.	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repetition 3 times	______
To place the right foot in front of the left on a stable base with closed eyes.	Vestibular Somatosensory	1 minute Repetition 3 times	______
To place the left foot in front of the right on a stable base with closed eyes.	Vestibular Somatosensory	1 minute Repetition 3 times	______
To walk in a straight line between 2 tapes with 15 cm between both and 5 m long (in the first free attempt, being able to look at the floor, and in the next ones looking at a fixed point on the wall). *	Vestibular Visual	To take the round trip 3 times	Blue adhesive tape
To walk in a straight line between 2 tapes with 15 cm between both and 5 m long with closed eyes. *	Vestibular Somatosensory	To take the round trip 3 times	Blue adhesive tape
To follow object movement (ball) slowly to the right and to the left (movement of the eyes only). Stay in position for 10 seconds and return to the center, moving to the other side. *	Visual	To repeat 3 times (round trip)	Toy bowling ball (black)
To follow up and down object movement (ball) (up and down) (only eyes move, the head remains immobile). Stay in the position for 10 seconds and returns to the center, moving to the other position. *	Visual	Repeat 3 times	Toy bowling ball (black)
Play: to play with large ball (in group).	Reinforce trained movements and postures	1. Sitting in a circle, play ball with your hands at random for your colleague. 2. Standing, kicking, throw the ball at random to colleagues. 3. Standing, throw the ball with your hands at your colleagues, randomly.	Volleyball
DAY 3
Activity	Focus	Time/repetition	Material
To place your right foot in front of the left side on the stable base looking at the fixed point on the wall.	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	______
To place the left foot in front of the right on a stable base looking at a fixed point on the wall.	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	______
To place the right foot in front of the left on a stable base with closed eyes.	Vestibular Somatosensory	1 minute Repeat 3 times	______
To place the left foot in front of the right on a stable base with closed eyes.	Vestibular Somatosensory	1 minute Repeat 3 times	______
To stand on a stable and elevated base with both feet supported with open eyes looking at a fixed point on the wall. *	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Wooden bench height 22 cm and seat with a diameter of 24 cm
To stand on a stable and elevated base with both feet supported with closed eyes. *	Vestibular Somatosensory	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Wooden bench height 22 cm and seat with a diameter of 24 cm
To walk in a straight line between 2 tapes with 10 cm between the tapes and 5 m long (in the first free attempt, being able to look at the floor, and in the next ones looking at a fixed point on the wall). *	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	Repeat 3 times round trip	Adhesive tape in blue color (very prominent white floor)
To walk in a straight line between 2 tapes with 10 cm between tapes and 5 m long with closed eyes. *	Vestibular Somatosensory	Repeat 3 times round trip	Adhesive tape in blue color (very prominent white floor)
To follow object movement (ball) in a circular direction (clockwise) only with eye movement, head remains immobile. *	Visual	Repeat 3 complete spins	Toy bowling ball (black)
To follow object movement (ball) in a circular direction (counterclockwise) with eye movement only, head remains immobile. *	Visual	Repeat 3 complete spins	Toy bowling ball (black)
Play: play with small ball (in group)	Train movements used in the session	1. Sitting in a circle, play ball with your hands at random for your colleague; 2. Standing, kicking, throw the ball at random to colleagues. 3. Standing, throw the ball with your hands at your colleagues, randomly.	Tennis ball
DAY 4
Activity	Focus	Time/repetition	Material
To stand on a stable and elevated base with both feet supported with open eyes looking at a fixed point on the wall. *	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Wooden bench height 22 cm and seat with a diameter of 24 cm
To stand on a stable and elevated base with both feet supported with closed eyes. *	Vestibular Somatosensory	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Wooden bench height 22 cm and seat with a diameter of 24 cm
To stand with your right foot supported on a stable base, with your left leg bent (foot off the ground), with open eyes looking at a fixed point on the wall.	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	_______
To stand with your left foot supported on a stable base, with your leg bent (foot off the ground), with open eyes looking at a fixed point on the wall.	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	_______
To stand with your right foot supported on a stable base, with your left leg bent (foot off the floor), with closed eyes.	Vestibular Somatosensory	1 minute Repeat 3 times	_______
To stand with left foot supported on a stable base, with leg bent (foot off the ground), with closed eyes.	Vestibular Somatosensory	1 minute Repeat 3 times	_______
To walk straight on tape for 5 m in length (in the first free attempt, being able to look at the floor, and in the next ones looking at a fixed point on the wall). *	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	Repeat 3 times round trip	Blue adhesive tape
To walk straight on tape for 5 m with closed eyes. *	Vestibular Somatosensory	Repeat 5 times round trip	Blue adhesive tape
To follow object movement (ball) in a circular direction (clockwise) only with eye movement, head remains immobile. *	Visual	Repeat 5 complete spins	Toy bowling ball (black)
To follow the movement of the object (ball) in a circular direction (counterclockwise) with only the movement of the eyes, the head remains immobile. *	Visual	Repeat 5 complete spins	Toy bowling ball (black)
Play: hopscotch (individual). *	Reinforce trained movements and postures	Each player played 5 times	Chalk Stone
DAY 5
Activity	Focus	Time/repetition	Material
To stand on a stable and elevated base with your right foot supported and your left foot elevated (in the air), with eyes open looking at a fixed point on the wall. *	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Wooden bench height 22 cm and seat with a diameter of 24 cm
To stand on a stable and elevated base with your left foot supported and your right foot high (in the air), with open eyes looking at a fixed point on the wall. *	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Wooden bench height 22 cm and seat with a diameter of 24 cm
To keep feet apart (approximately 10 cm between feet) on an unstable base with open eyes directed at a fixed point on the wall. **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Silicone cushion (measuring 40 cm x 50 cm)
To keep feet apart (approximately 10 cm between feet) on an unstable base with closed eyes. **	Vestibular Somatosensory	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Silicone cushion (measuring 40 cm x 50 cm)
To jump with feet together on 5 m long tape (first try you can look at the floor, on the others to look at the fixed point on the wall). *	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	Repeat 3 times round trip lta	Adhesive tape in blue color (very prominent white floor)
To follow with the eyes (child’s eye height) the approach and removal of object (ball). *	Visual	Repeat 3 times round trip	Toy bowling ball (black)
Play: hopscotch (individual) *	Reinforce trained movements and postures	Each player played 5 times	Chalk Stone
DAY 6
Activity	Focus	Time/repetition	Material
To keep feet apart (approximately 10 cm between feet) on an unstable base with open eyes directed at a fixed point on the wall. **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Silicone cushion (measuring 40 cm x 50 cm)
To keep feet apart (approximately 10 cm between feet) on an unstable base with closed eyes. **	Vestibular Somatosensory	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Silicone cushion (measuring 40 cm x 50 cm)
To keep feet together on an unstable base with open eyes directed at a fixed point on the wall. **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Silicone cushion (measuring 40 cm x 50 cm)
To keep feet together on an unstable base with closed eyes. **	Vestibular Somatosensory	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Silicone cushion (measuring 40 cm x 50 cm)
To jump over 5m long tape with your right foot, go back with your left foot (first try you can look at the floor, the others try to look at the fixed point on the wall). *	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	Repeat 3 times	Adhesive tape in blue color (very prominent white floor)
On a stable base, look for a luminous point (laser) in the 4 cardinal points projected on the wall (only with the eyes, the head remains immobile). Order of presentation: right, left, top, bottom, left, right, bottom, top.	Visual	Repeat the script 3 times	Laser
Play: bowling game	Reinforce trained movements and postures	Each throw tossed the ball 5 times	Bowling game
DAY 7
Activity	Focus	Time/repetition	Material
To keep feet together on an unstable base with open eyes directed at a fixed point on the wall. **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Silicone cushion (measuring 40 cm x 50 cm)
To keep feet together on an unstable base with closed eyes. **	Vestibular Somatosensory	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Silicone cushion (measuring 40 cm x 50 cm)
To keep your right foot in front of your left on an unstable base with your open eyes looking at a fixed point on the wall. **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Silicone cushion (measuring 40 cm x 50 cm)
To keep your left foot in front of your left on an unstable base with open eyes looking at a fixed point on the wall. **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Silicone cushion (measuring 40 cm x 50 cm)
To keep right foot in front of the left on an unstable base with closed eyes. **	Vestibular Somatosensory	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Silicone cushion (measuring 40 cm x 50 cm)
To keep left foot in front of the left on an unstable base with closed eyes. **	Vestibular Somatossensorial	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Silicone cushion (measuring 40 cm x 50 cm)
To keep your eyes fixed on an object (ball) and turn your head towards NO.	Vestibular Visual	Repeat 3 complete round-trip times	Toy bowling ball (black)
To keep staring at object (ball) and turn your head towards YES.	Vestibular Visual	Repeat 3 complete round-trip times	Toy bowling ball (black)
Play: bowling game (darts) *	Reinforce trained movements and postures	Each throw tossed the ball 5 times	Target shooting game (darts)
DAY 8
Activity	Focus	Time/repetition	Material
To stand on the unstable base, vertically stable, again on the unstable base, keeping your open eyes directed to a fixed point on the wall. **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	Repeat 3 times complete (exit and return to trampoline)	Silicone cushion (measuring 40 cm x 50 cm)
To stand on the unstable base, jump on the stable, jump back to the unstable base with your closed eyes. **	Vestibular Somatosensory	Repeat 3 times complete (exit and return to trampoline)	Silicone pad (measuring 40 cm x 50 cm)
To sit on an unstable and elevated base and move your body (feel the elasticity) with your eyes open. *	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	Stay 1 minute	Trampoline (jump)
To sit on an unstable and elevated base and move your body (feel the elasticity) with your closed eyes. *	Vestibular Somatosensory	Stay 1 minute	Trampoline (jump)
Standing on the stable base, rotate the body 90° clockwise. Do 4 consecutive spins, completing 360°. Keep your eyes open.	Vestibular SomatosensoryVisual	Complete 3 complete spins (respecting individual limits)	_____
To keep your eyes fixed on an object (ball) and turn your head in the direction of MAYBE.	Vestibular Visual	Repeat 3 complete round-trip times	Toy bowling ball (black)
Play: target shooting (darts) *	Reinforce trained movements and postures	Each throw tossed the ball 5 times	Target shooting game (darts)
DAY 9
Activity	Focus	Time/repetition	Material
To sit on an unstable and elevated base and move your body (feel the elasticity) with open eyes *	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	Stay 1 minute	Trampoline (jump)
To sit on an unstable and elevated base and move your body (feel the elasticity) with your closed eyes *	Vestibular Somatosensory	Stay 1 minute	Trampoline (jump)
Standing with feet apart on an unstable and elevated base with eyes open looking at a fixed point on the wall. **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Trampoline (jump)
Stand with feet apart on an unstable and elevated base with closed eyes. **	Vestibular Somatosensory	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Trampoline (jump)
To follow with eyes (head remains immobile) movement of moving point on the wall (laser) horizontally (child’s eye height) unstable and elevated base with closed eyes. **	Visual	Repeat 3 times complete (round trip)	Laser
To follow with the eyes (head remains immobile) movement of a moving point on the wall (laser) vertically.	Visual	Repeat 3 times complete (round trip)	Laser
Play: target shooting (darts) *	Reinforce trained movements and postures	Each player threw the ball 5 times	Target shooting game (darts)
DAY 10
Activity	Focus	Time/repetition	Material
Stand with your feet apart on the unstable and elevated base (with your open eyes looking at the fixed point on the wall). **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Trampoline (jump)
Stand with feet apart on an unstable and elevated base with closed eyes. **	Vestibular Somatosensory	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Trampoline (jump)
Stand with your feet together on an unstable, elevated base, with your open eyes, staring at the wall. **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Trampoline (jump)
Stand with feet together on an unstable and elevated base with closed eyes. **	Vestibular Somatosensory	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Trampoline (jump)
To follow with the eyes (the head remains immobile) the movement of a moving point on the wall (laser) in the 8 inverted (horizontal) position in a clockwise direction.	Visual	3 repetitions	Laser
To follow with the eyes (head remains immovable) the movement of a moving point on the wall (laser) in the 8 inverted (horizontal) position in a counterclockwise direction.	Visual	3 repetitions	Laser
Play: my boss asked	Reinforce trained movements and postures	Each child was the boss 1 time and the trainer 1 time.	_____
DAY 11
Activity	Focus	Time/repetition	Material
To stand with feet together on an unstable and elevated base with open eyes, looking fixedly on the wall. **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Trampoline (jump)
To stand with feet together on an unstable and elevated base with closed eyes. **	Vestibular Somatosensory	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Trampoline (jump)
To jump on an unstable and elevated base with open eyes looking at a fixed point on the wall. **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	Jump 60 times divided into 3 parts	Trampoline (jump)
To jump on an unstable and elevated base (trampoline - jump) with closed eyes. **	Vestibular Somatosensory	Jump 60 times divided into 3 parts (20 times each)	Trampoline (jump)
To stand with a right foot on an unstable and elevated base with open eyes looking at a fixed point on the wall. **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Trampoline (jump)
To stand with right foot on an unstable and elevated base with open eyes looking at a fixed point on the wall. **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Trampoline (jump)
On an unstable base keep your eyes fixed on an object (ball) and turn your head in the direction of NO **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	Repeat 3 complete round-trip times	Toy bowling ball (black) Silicone cushion
On an unstable base, keep your eyes fixed on an object (ball) and turn your head in the direction of YES **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	Repeat 3 complete round-trip times	Toy bowling ball (black)
Play: jump rope	Reinforce trained movements and postures	Free time	Rope
DAY 12
Activity	Focus	Time/repetition	Material
To jump on an unstable and elevated base with open eyes looking at a fixed point on the wall. **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	Jump 60 times divided into 3 parts (20 times each)	Trampoline (jump)
To jump on an unstable and elevated base with closed eyes. **	Vestibular Somatosensory	Jump 60 times divided into 3 parts (20 times each)	Trampoline (jump)
To stand with the right foot on an unstable and elevated base with open eyes looking at a fixed point on the wall. **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Trampoline (jump)
To stand with the right foot on an unstable and elevated base with open eyes looking at a fixed point on the wall. **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Trampoline (jump)
To jump from the unstable and elevated base to the stable base and from the stable base to the unstable and elevated base **	Vestibular Somatosensory	Repeat 3 times (exit and return to trampoline)	Trampoline (jump)
On the unstable base, follow with the eyes (head remains immobile) the movement of a moving point on the wall (laser) in the 8 inverted (horizontal) position in the clockwise direction. **	Somatosensory Visual	3 repetitions	Laser
On the unstable base, follow with the eyes (the head remains immobile) the movement of a moving point on the wall (laser) in the 8 inverted (horizontal) position in a counterclockwise direction. **	Somatosensory Visual	3 repetitions	Laser
Play: jump rope	Reinforce trained movements and postures	Free time	Rope
DAY 13
Activity	Focus	Time/repetition	Material
To stand with the right foot on an unstable and elevated base with open eyes looking at a fixed point on the wall. **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Trampoline (jump)
To stand with the right foot on an unstable and elevated base with open eyes looking at a fixed point on the wall. **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	1 minute Repeat 3 times	Trampoline (jump)
To jump from the unstable and elevated base to the stable base and from the stable base to the unstable and elevated base **	Vestibular Somatosensory	Repeat 3 times (exit and return to trampoline)	Trampoline (jump)
On the unstable base, follow with the eyes (the head remains immobile) the movement of a moving point on the wall (laser) in the 8 inverted (horizontal) position in a counterclockwise direction. **	Somatosensory Visual	3 repetitions	Laser
On the unstable base, follow with the eyes (head remains immobile) the movement of a moving point on the wall (laser) in the 8 inverted (horizontal) position in the clockwise direction. **	Somatosensory Visual	3 repetitions	Laser
Play: Miniature soccer game	Reinforce trained movements and postures	5 kicks for each schoolchild	Miniature soccer game
DIA 14
Activity	Focus	Time/repetition	Material
On an unstable and elevated base keep your eyes fixed on an object (ball) and turn your head in the direction of NO. **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	Repeat 3 complete round-trip times	Toy bowling ball (black) Trampoline
On an unstable and elevated base keep your eyes fixed on an object (ball) and turn your head in the direction of YES. **	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	Repeat 3 complete round-trip times	Toy bowling ball (black) Trampoline
On an unstable and elevated base, follow the movement of a moving point (laser) on the wall in the horizontal direction.	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	Repeat 3 complete round-trip times	Laser
On an unstable and elevated base, follow the movement of a moving point (laser) on the wall in the vertical direction.	Vestibular Somatosensory Visual	Repeat 3 complete round-trip times	Laser
To jump on one foot on an unstable and elevated base.	Vestibular Somatosensory	Free jump	Laser
Play: Miniature soccer game	Reinforce trained movements and postures	5 kicks for each schoolchild	Miniature soccer game
* Exercises performed individually. Other students in the group wait. ** Activity performed individually and barefeet.
Stable base: floor Stable and high base: bench Unstable base: silicone cushion Unstable and elevated base: trampoline