Identification of superior cowpea varieties in competition with weeds

Medeiros, Isis Fernanda Silva; Silva, Paulo Sérgio Lima e; Sousa, Roberto Pequeno de; Siqueira, Patrícia Liany de Oliveira Fernandes; Oliveira, Vianney Reinaldo de

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20210042

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Revista Ciência Agronômica

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 52 (03) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20210042 copy

Identification of superior cowpea varieties in competition with weeds¹ 1 Parte da Tese de Doutorado do primeiro autor apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitotecnia, Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido/UFERSA

Identificação de variedades superiores de feijão-caupi em competição com plantas daninhas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT - Cowpea varieties that are more competitive against weeds are, by themselves, not enough to control the weeds. However, the adoption of more-competitive varieties, together with other cropping practices, including planting density and weeding, can provide greater weed control in addition to affording the farmer more time to carry out this control. This study had the following objectives: a) to identify, in a preliminary evaluation (E-1), varieties that are the most competitive against weeds, based on dry grain yield; b) among the most-competitive varieties, identify the most productive in terms of green and dry grain yield (E-2). The seeds used for E-1 were obtained from producers chosen at random from each of 48 districts in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. A randomized block design with five replications was used. In E-2, the twelve varieties presenting the highest grain yield in E-1 were evaluated in a randomized block design with five replications. In both evaluations, only one weeding was carried out, 30 days after sowing. In E-1, the Umarizal, Itaú, Upanema, Lagoa de Pedras, José da Penha and São Tomé varieties were superior. The second experiment demonstrated that Umarizal is the most productive variety in terms of pod yield and green grain. There is no difference between the varieties for dry grain yield. The Umarizal variety has potential for use in the production of green pods and grains, and of dry grains. The preliminary evaluation is effective in identifying superior varieties.

Keywords:
Vigna unguiculata ; Landraces; Immature grain; Ripe grain; Macassar beans

Characteristic	Evaluation
Characteristic	Preliminary (experiment-1)	Additional (experiment-2)
pH in water	7.00	7.60
Phosphorus (mg dm^-3)	9.50	21.00
Poassium (mg dm^-3)	110.40	56.70
Sodium (mg dm^-3)	10.40	71.20
Calcium (cmol_c dm^-3)	3.20	2.10
Magnesium (cmol_c dm^-3)	2.20	0.60
Exchangeable acidity (cmol_c dm^-3)	0.00	0.00
Potential acidity (cmol_c dm^-3)	0.08	0.00
Sum of bases (cmol_c dm^-3)	5.73	3.15
Cation exchange capacity (cmol_c dm^-3)	5.73	3.15
Cation exchange capacity (pH = 7) (cmol_c dm^-3)	5.81	3.15
Base saturation (%)	99.00	100.00
Aluminum saturation (%)	0.00	0.00
Exchangeable sodium percentage (%)	1.00	10.00

Number	Species	Occurrence index¹ 1 Occurrence index = ratio between the number of plots in which a particular weed species occurred and the total number of experimental plots. (%)
1	Adenocalymma sp.	13
2	Alternanthera tenella Colla	8
3	Amaranthus viridis L.	37
4	Borreria verticillata L.	2
5	Cenchrus echinatus L.	100
6	Citrullus lanatus Thunb	3
7	Commelina benghalensis L.	48
8	Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd.	80
9	Digitaria sp.	55
10	Euphorbia hyssopifolia L.	23
11	Jacquemontia sp.	10
12		2
13	Portulaca oleracea L.	40
14	Turnera subulata Sm.	5

Traditional variety	Blocks					Total species
Traditional variety	1	2	3	4	5	Total species
Umarizal	3-5-9-13	5-7-9-13	5-7-8-9	5-7-8-9	3-5-7-8-9-10	7
Itaú	1-3-5-6-11	5-7-8-13	5-7-8-9	5-7-9	5-8-9	9
Upanema	5-6-7	5-8-9-10-11-13	5-8-9-13	5-7-8-9	5-7-8-9-10	8
Lagoa de Pedra	5-8-13	1-5-7-8-13	3-5-9-10	3-5-8-13	3-5-8-10	8
José da Penha	1-3-5-7-8-9-13	1-5-7-8-13	5-7-8-9-13	3-5-7-8-9	3-5-8-9	7
São Tomé	2-5-7-9	5-7-8-13	3-5-8-9-10-11	3-5-8	5-8-10	9
Baraúna	1-5-11	1-3-5-8-11-13	3-5-7-8-9-13	5-8	3-5-8-13-14	9
Campo Grande	3-5-8-13	1-5-8-9-13	3-5-7-8	3-5-7-9	5-8-9-13	7
Luiz Gomes	5-13	5-7-8-13	5-8-9-10	5-9-10	3-5-9	7
Angicos	1-2-5-7-8-9-13	2-5-8-10	5-7-8-9	3-4-5-8-12	3-5-8-14	12
Jaçanã	3-5-7-8-13	2-5-7-8	5-8-10-14	5-8-10	3-5-7-8-9	9
Macaíba	5-7-8-9-13	1-2-5-8-10-13	5-7-8-9	5-7-8-9	5-8-9-10-11	9

Source of variation	Degrees of freedom	Mean Square
		Shoot matter
		Weeds (g m^-2)		Cowpea (g plant^-1)
		Fresh	Dry	Fresh	Dry
Blocks	4	557,714.61 *	4,865.78^ns	33,710.55^ns	1,129.35^ns
Varieties	11	179,979.94^ns	6,529.28^ns	57,974.62^ns	1,346.83^ns
Residual	44	189,860.37	4,651.71	42,728.85	1,262.81

Source of Variation	Degrees of freedom	Mean square
Source of Variation	Degrees of freedom	Total plant fresh matter (g)	Total plant dry matter (g)	Number of secondary branches	Number of leaves	Length of the main branch (cm)	Dry grain yield (kg ha^-1)
Blocks	4	3,462.89**	53.67**	105.77**	879.89**	462.83**	241,790.67**
Varieties	47	383.01^ns	4.43^ns	12.19^ns	120.50^ns	27.77^ns	295,797.54**
Residual	188	368.71	4.21	9.93	87.58	23.73	51,851.59

Variety	Number of leaves per plant	Grain yield (kg ha^-1)	Variety	Number of leaves per plant	Grain yield (kg ha^-1)
Umarizal	29.3 b	945 a	Ceará Mirim	29.0 b	329 c
Itaú	39.0 a	937 a	Carnaúba dos Dantas	24.7 b	320 c
Upanema	28.7 b	863 a	Serrinha	33.7 b	319 c
Lagoa de Pedras	28.9 b	822 a	Felipe Guerra	42.0 a	303 c
José da Penha	42.7 a	817 a	Lagoa d'anta	33.4 b	293 c
São Tomé	31.2 b	765 a	Lagoa Salgada	25.3 b	267 c
Baraúna	29.6 b	689 b	Boa Saúde	32.4 b	251 c
Campo Grande	44.8 a	683 b	Nova Cruz	31.0 b	241 c
Luiz Gomes	33.6 b	668 b	Vera Cruz	31.1 b	241 c
Angicos	32.7 b	655 b	Santana do Matos	41.3 a	239 c
Jaçanã	27.7 b	649 b	Lajes	29.9 b	231 c
Macaíba	30.6 b	615 b	Tenente Ananias	28.9 b	229 c
Japi	30.8 b	612 b	Tangará	28.1 b	228 c
Tenente Laurentino Cruz	34.2 b	563 b	Apodi	40.3 a	225 c
Carnaubais	31.5 b	562 b	São Bento do Trairi	29.2 b	225 c
Alexandria	40.2 a	544 b	Currais Novos	34.2 b	223 c
Pedro Velho	36.4 a	490 b	Senador Elói de Souza	40.6 a	181 c
Monte Alegre	39.4 a	450 c	São José do Mipibu	35.8 a	179 c
Pedra Preta	37.3 a	449 c	Mossoró	34.1 b	169 c
Passa e Fica	27.3 b	438 c	Santa Cruz	27.8 b	150 c
Campo Redondo	32.3 b	375 c	Serra do Mel	25.6 b	112 c
Bodó	34.0 b	368 c	São Gonçalo do Amarante	38.3 a	97 c
São José do Campestre	32.1 b	367 c	São Miguel	33.2 b	63 c
São Paulo do Potengi	34.0 b	334 c	Martins	33.5 b	57 c
Coefficient of variation for the number of leaves per plant: 28.2%
Coefficient of variation for grain yield: 55.1%

Source of variation	Degrees of freedom	Mean square¹
Source of variation	Degrees of freedom	100-grain weight (g)	Number of pods per plant	Number of grains per pod	Pod yield (kg ha^-1)	Green grain yield (kg ha^-1)
Blocks	4	9.09^ns	17.80^ns	0.59^ns	98,428.11^ns	159,929.98^ns
Varieties	11	12.29**	108.92**	2.33**	2,898,681.76**	875,199.81*
Residual	44	9.93	29.40	0.46	837,028.55	340,055.52

Traditional variety	100-grain weight (g)	Number of pods per plant	Number of grains per pod	Pod weight (kg)	Green grain ytield (kg ha^-1)
Umarizal	36.5 bc	35.5 a	15.7 abc	5845 a	3476 a
Baraúna	38.1 bc	26.4 ab	16.9 a	4428 ab	2901 ab
Campo Grande	47.3 a	19.9 b	15.6 abc	4504 ab	2586 ab
Macaíba	32.7 cd	26.0 ab	16.1 ab	3751 b	2579 ab
São Tomé	32.1 cd	27.4 ab	15.8 abc	3763 b	2523 ab
Luiz Gomes	34.7 bc	23.3 b	15.0 bc	3649 b	2508 ab
Upanema	35.9 bc	24.2 ab	16.1 abc	3939 ab	2507 ab
Angicos	27.7 d	29.1 ab	16.9 a	3321 b	2266 ab
Itaú	40.8 ab	19.8 b	16.3 ab	3536 b	2234 ab
Lagoa de Pedras	35.8 bc	23.1 b	14.6 c	3239 b	2168 b
Jaçanã	32.0 cd	23.0 b	15.9 abc	3159 b	2007 b
José da Penha	36.7 bc	18.7 b	15.4 bc	3263 b	1923 b
CV (%)	8.8	22.0	4.3	23.7	23.6

Source of variation	Degrees of liberty	Mean square
Source of variation	Degrees of liberty	100-grain weight (g)	Number of pods per plant	Number of grains per pod	Grain yield (kg ha^-1)
Blocks	4	0.05^ns	55.00^ns	2.59**	147,048.18^ns
Varieties	11	36.21**	83.08^ns	6.78**	256,836.65^ns
Residual	44	1.20	60.53	0.56	144,743.11

Traditional variety	100-grain weight	Number of pods per plant	Number of grains per pod	Grain yield (kg ha^-1)
Upanema	21.2 bc	26.6 a	16,2 abcd	1525 a
Umarizal	20.4 bcd	25.8 a	14,6 d	1388 a
Jaçanã	17.2 g	27.7 a	16,8 ab	1386 a
Campo Grande	25.0 a	18.5 a	15,8 abcd	1356 a
Itaú	22.3 b	18.4 a	16,0 abcd	1254 a
Baraúna	20.1 bcde	18.3 a	17,3 a	1249 a
São Tomé	17.7 fg	24.4 a	15,6 bcd	1188 a
Lagoa de Pedra	18.7 defg	21.7 a	15,1 cd	1116 a
Angicos	14.4 h	25.8 a	16,3 abc	1061 a
José da Penha	19.3 cdefg	17.8 a	15,0 cd	960 a
Luiz Gomes	19.6 cdef	16.6 a	15,0 cd	865 a
Macaíba	17.9 efg	18.8 a	14,6 d	789 a
CV (%)	5.2	35.8	4.8	32.3

Universidade Federal do Ceará Av. Mister Hull, 2977 - Bloco 487, Campus do Pici, 60356-000 - Fortaleza - CE - Brasil, Tel.: (55 85) 3366-9702 / 3366-9732, Fax: (55 85) 3366-9417 - Fortaleza - CE - Brazil
E-mail: ccarev@ufc.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] *Author for correspondence

Brasil

Brasil

Identification of superior cowpea varieties in competition with weeds1 1 Parte da Tese de Doutorado do primeiro autor apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitotecnia, Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido/UFERSA

Identificação de variedades superiores de feijão-caupi em competição com plantas daninhas

Identification of superior cowpea varieties in competition with weeds¹ 1 Parte da Tese de Doutorado do primeiro autor apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitotecnia, Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido/UFERSA