DOLOR LUMBAR Y CERVICAL EN ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA: PREVALENCIA Y FACTORES ASOCIADOS

Pivotto, Luiza Rampi; Azevedo, Isis Menezes De; Rynkowski, Laisi Oliveira; Candotti, Cláudia Tarragô

Brasil

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Original Article, Cervical Spine • Coluna/Columna 21 (1) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1808-185120222101252315 copiar

DOLOR LUMBAR Y CERVICAL EN ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA: PREVALENCIA Y FACTORES ASOCIADOS

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

Analizar la prevalencia de dolor lumbar y cervical en estudiantes de Educación Física (EF) de la Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) y los factores conductuales y posturales asociados.

Métodos:

El diseño del estudio es observacional con diseño analítico descriptivo. En el estudio participaron estudiantes de Educación Física de ambos sexos y sanos, que respondieron el Back Pain and Body Postural Evaluation Instrument for Adults. Los datos se analizaron con el software SPSS (21.0) mediante estadística descriptiva, calculando las razones de prevalencia e intervalos de confianza del 95%. El nivel de significancia adoptado fue 0,05.

Resultados:

Noventa y dos estudiantes de EF respondieron el cuestionario, 45 (48,9%) eran mujeres y 47 (51,1%) eran hombres. La prevalencia de dolor lumbar fue del 76,1% y del dolor cervical del 58,7%. No hubo asociación con la mayoría de los factores conductuales y posturales evaluados.

Conclusiones:

La prevalencia de dolor lumbar y cervical en estudiantes de EF de la UFRGS es alta y estos dolores no están asociados a los factores investigados. Nivel de Evidencia II: Estudio prospectivo de menor calidad.

Descriptores:
Dimensión del Dolor; Postura; Estudiantes; Epidemiología

Pain n (%)	Low back pain	Neck pain
Presence of pain	70 (76.1%)	54 (58.7%)
Absence of pain	22 (23.9%)	37 (40.2%)
Did not answer	0 (0.0%)	1 (1.1%)
Intensity x (SD)	4.0 (1.9)	4.0 (2.2)
Frequency n (%)
Only once	9 (12.9%)	14 (25.5%)
At least once a month	19 (27.1%)	16 (29.1%)
At least once a week	22 (31.4%)	15 (27.3%)
More than once a week	17 (24.3%)	7 (12.7%)
I do not know how to answer	3 (4.3%)	3 (5.5%)
Disability n (%)
Has disability	15 (21.4%)	10 (18.2%)
Does not have disability	54 (77.1%)	44 (80%)
Did not know how to answer	1 (1.4%)	1 (1.8%)

Variable	n	%	Low back pain		χ ²	PR (CI 95%)
Variable	n		n	%	χ ²	PR (CI 95%)
Sit down to write (n = 92)
Proper	13	14.1	11	15.7	χ²(1) = 0.754, p = 0.385	1
Improper	79	85.9	59	84.3	χ²(1) = 0.754, p = 0.385	1.09 (0.90 – 1.31)
Sit down to converse (n = 92)
Proper	18	19.6	14	20	χ²(1) = 0.036, p = 0.849	1
Improper	74	80.4	56	80	χ²(1) = 0.036, p = 0.849	1.02 (0.85 – 1.21)
Sit down to use the computer/notebook (n = 92)
Proper	22	23.9	13	18.6	χ²(1) = 4.213, p = 0.040^* statistically significant (*).	1
Improper	70	76.1	57	81.4	χ²(1) = 4.213, p = 0.040^* statistically significant (*).	0.84 (0.71 – 0.99)
Sit down to use the cell phone/tablet (n = 92)
Proper	4	4.3	3	4.3	χ²(1) = 0.003, p = 0.959	1
Improper	88	95.7	67	95.7	χ²(1) = 0.003, p = 0.959	0.99 (0.70 – 1.40)
Stand up to use the cell phone/tablet (n = 92)
Proper	3	3.3	1	1.4	χ²(1) = 3.394, p = 0.065	1
Improper	89	96.7	69	98.6	χ²(1) = 3.394, p = 0.065	0.74 (0.53 – 1.02)
Pick up an object from the floor (n = 92)
Proper	43	46.7	31	44.3	χ²(1) = 0.709, p = 0.400	1
Improper	49	53.3	39	55.7	χ²(1) = 0.709, p = 0.400	0.94 (0.82 – 1.08)
Sleeping posture (n = 92)
Proper	55	59.8	42	60	χ²(1) = 0.006, p = 0.940	1
Improper	37	40.2	28	40	χ²(1) = 0.006, p = 0.940	1.01 (0.87 – 1.61)
Hours using the computer/notebook (n = 92)
Up to 3 hours	66	71.7	54	77.1	χ²(1) = 3.942, p = 0.047^* statistically significant (*).	1
More than 3 hours	26	28.3	16	22.9	χ²(1) = 3.942, p = 0.047^* statistically significant (*).	1.17 (1.00 – 1.37)
Hours using the cell phone/tablet (n = 92)
Up to 3 hours	47	51.1	32	45.7	χ²(1) = 3.620, p = 0.057	1
More than 3 hours	45	48.9	38	54.3	χ²(1) = 3.620, p = 0.057	0.88 (0.76 – 1.00)
Hours of sleep per night (n = 92)
More than 7 hours	50	54.3	40	57.1	χ²(1) = 0.922, p = 0.337	1
Less than 7 hours	42	45.7	30	42.9	χ²(1) = 0.922, p = 0.337	1.07 (0.93 – 1.23)
Regular practice of physical activity/sports (n = 92)
Yes	81	88	60	85.7	χ²(1) = 2.638, p = 0.104	1
No	11	12	10	14.3	χ²(1) = 2.638, p = 0.104	0.87 (0.73 – 1.03)
Practice of competitive physical activity/sports (n = 81)
No	51	63	36	51.4	χ²(1) = 0.929, p = 0.335	1
Yes	30	37	24	34.3	χ²(1) = 0.929, p = 0.335	0.93 (0.80 – 1.08)

Variable	n	%	Neck pain		χ ²	PR (CI 95%)
Variable	n	%	n	%	χ ²	PR (CI 95%)
Sit down to write (n = 92)
Proper	13	14.1	10	18.5	χ²(1) = 2.646; p = 0.104	1
Improper	79	85.9	44	81.5	χ²(1) = 2.646; p = 0.104	1.18 (0.97 – 1.45)
Sit down to converse (n = 92)
Proper	18	19.6	12	22.2	χ²(1) = 0.754; p = 0.385	1
Improper	74	80.4	42	77.8	χ²(1) = 0.754; p = 0.385	1.08 (0.90 – 1.30)
Sit down to use the computer/notebook (n = 92)
Proper	22	23.9	12	22.2	χ²(1) = 0.108; p = 0.742	1
Improper	70	76.1	42	77.8	χ²(1) = 0.108; p = 0.742	0.97 (0.82 – 1.15)
Sit down to use the cell phone/tablet (n = 92)
Proper	4	4.3	3	5.6	χ²(1) = 0.586; p = 0.444	1
Improper	88	95.7	51	94.4	χ²(1) = 0.586; p = 0.444	1.15 (0.81 – 1.62)
Stand up to use the cell phone/tablet (n = 92)
Proper	3	3.3	1	1.9	χ²(1) = 0.946; p = 0.331	1
Improper	89	96.7	53	98.1	χ²(1) = 0.946; p = 0.331	0.85 (0.61 – 1.18)
Pick up an object from the floor (n = 92)
Proper	43	46.7	26	48.1	χ²(1) = 0.251; p = 0.616	1
Improper	49	53.3	28	51.9	χ²(1) = 0.251; p = 0.616	1.04 (0.90 – 1.20)
Sleeping posture (n = 92)
Proper	55	59.8	31	57.4	χ²(1) = 0.500; p = 0.480	1
Improper	37	40.2	23	42.6	χ²(1) = 0.500; p = 0.480	0.95 (0.82 – 1.10)
Hours using the computer/notebook (n = 92)
Up to 3 hours	66	71.7	42	77.8	χ²(1) = 1.951; p = 0.163	1
More than 3 hours	26	28.3	12	22.2	χ²(1) = 1.951; p = 0.163	1.12 (0.96 – 1.30)
Hours using the cell phone/tablet (n = 92)
Up to 3 hours	47	51.1	28	51.9	χ²(1) = 0.141; p = 0.709	1
More than 3 hours	45	48.9	26	48.1	χ²(1) = 0.141; p = 0.709	1.03 (0.89 – 1.19)
Hours of sleep per night (n = 92)
More than 7 hours	50	54.3	32	59.3	χ²(1) = 0.808; p = 0.369	1
Less than 7 hours	42	45.7	22	40.7	χ²(1) = 0.808; p = 0.369	1.07 (0.92 – 1.24)
Regular practice of physical activity/sports (n = 92)
Yes	81	88	45	83.3	χ²(1) = 3.883; p = 0.049^* statistically significant (*).	1
No	11	12	9	16.7	χ²(1) = 3.883; p = 0.049^* statistically significant (*).	0.81 (0.66 – 1.0)
Practice of competitive physical activity/sports (n = 81)
No	51	63	17	37.8	χ²(1) = 0.016; p = 0.899	1
Yes	30	37	28	62.2	χ²(1) = 0.016; p = 0.899	1.01 (0.86 – 1.19)

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[1] Correspondence: Luiza Rampi Pivotto. R. Felizardo, 750 - Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. 90690-200. luizarpivotto@gmail.com