LOW BACK AND NECK PAIN IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION STUDENTS: PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS

Pivotto, Luiza Rampi; Azevedo, Isis Menezes De; Rynkowski, Laisi Oliveira; Candotti, Cláudia Tarragô

doi:10.1590/S1808-185120222101252315

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Original Article, Cervical Spine • Coluna/Columna 21 (1) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1808-185120222101252315 copy

LOW BACK AND NECK PAIN IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION STUDENTS: PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS

DOR LOMBAR E CERVICAL EM ESTUDANTES DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: PREVALÊNCIA E FATORES ASSOCIADOS

DOLOR LUMBAR Y CERVICAL EN ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA: PREVALENCIA Y FACTORES ASOCIADOS

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To analyze the prevalence of low back and neck pain in Physical Education (PE) students at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) and the associated behavioral and postural factors.

Methods:

The study design is observational with descriptive analytics. Healthy PE students of both sexes participated in the study and answered the Back Pain and Body Postural Evaluation Instrument for Adults. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (21.0) using descriptive statistics, calculating the prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The significance level adopted was 0.05.

Results:

Ninety-two PE students answered the questionnaire, 45 of whom were females (48.9%) and 47 of whom were males (51.1%). The prevalence of low back pain was 76.1% and of neck pain was 58.7%. There was no association with most of the behavioral and postural factors assessed.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of low back and neck pain in PE students at UFRGS is high and this pain is not associated with the factors investigated. Level of Evidence II: Prospective study of less quality.

Keywords:
Pain Measurement; Posture; Students; Epidemiology

Pain n (%)	Low back pain	Neck pain
Presence of pain	70 (76.1%)	54 (58.7%)
Absence of pain	22 (23.9%)	37 (40.2%)
Did not answer	0 (0.0%)	1 (1.1%)
Intensity x (SD)	4.0 (1.9)	4.0 (2.2)
Frequency n (%)
Only once	9 (12.9%)	14 (25.5%)
At least once a month	19 (27.1%)	16 (29.1%)
At least once a week	22 (31.4%)	15 (27.3%)
More than once a week	17 (24.3%)	7 (12.7%)
I do not know how to answer	3 (4.3%)	3 (5.5%)
Disability n (%)
Has disability	15 (21.4%)	10 (18.2%)
Does not have disability	54 (77.1%)	44 (80%)
Did not know how to answer	1 (1.4%)	1 (1.8%)

Variable	n	%	Low back pain		χ ²	PR (CI 95%)
Variable	n		n	%	χ ²	PR (CI 95%)
Sit down to write (n = 92)
Proper	13	14.1	11	15.7	χ²(1) = 0.754, p = 0.385	1
Improper	79	85.9	59	84.3	χ²(1) = 0.754, p = 0.385	1.09 (0.90 – 1.31)
Sit down to converse (n = 92)
Proper	18	19.6	14	20	χ²(1) = 0.036, p = 0.849	1
Improper	74	80.4	56	80	χ²(1) = 0.036, p = 0.849	1.02 (0.85 – 1.21)
Sit down to use the computer/notebook (n = 92)
Proper	22	23.9	13	18.6	χ²(1) = 4.213, p = 0.040^* statistically significant (*).	1
Improper	70	76.1	57	81.4	χ²(1) = 4.213, p = 0.040^* statistically significant (*).	0.84 (0.71 – 0.99)
Sit down to use the cell phone/tablet (n = 92)
Proper	4	4.3	3	4.3	χ²(1) = 0.003, p = 0.959	1
Improper	88	95.7	67	95.7	χ²(1) = 0.003, p = 0.959	0.99 (0.70 – 1.40)
Stand up to use the cell phone/tablet (n = 92)
Proper	3	3.3	1	1.4	χ²(1) = 3.394, p = 0.065	1
Improper	89	96.7	69	98.6	χ²(1) = 3.394, p = 0.065	0.74 (0.53 – 1.02)
Pick up an object from the floor (n = 92)
Proper	43	46.7	31	44.3	χ²(1) = 0.709, p = 0.400	1
Improper	49	53.3	39	55.7	χ²(1) = 0.709, p = 0.400	0.94 (0.82 – 1.08)
Sleeping posture (n = 92)
Proper	55	59.8	42	60	χ²(1) = 0.006, p = 0.940	1
Improper	37	40.2	28	40	χ²(1) = 0.006, p = 0.940	1.01 (0.87 – 1.61)
Hours using the computer/notebook (n = 92)
Up to 3 hours	66	71.7	54	77.1	χ²(1) = 3.942, p = 0.047^* statistically significant (*).	1
More than 3 hours	26	28.3	16	22.9	χ²(1) = 3.942, p = 0.047^* statistically significant (*).	1.17 (1.00 – 1.37)
Hours using the cell phone/tablet (n = 92)
Up to 3 hours	47	51.1	32	45.7	χ²(1) = 3.620, p = 0.057	1
More than 3 hours	45	48.9	38	54.3	χ²(1) = 3.620, p = 0.057	0.88 (0.76 – 1.00)
Hours of sleep per night (n = 92)
More than 7 hours	50	54.3	40	57.1	χ²(1) = 0.922, p = 0.337	1
Less than 7 hours	42	45.7	30	42.9	χ²(1) = 0.922, p = 0.337	1.07 (0.93 – 1.23)
Regular practice of physical activity/sports (n = 92)
Yes	81	88	60	85.7	χ²(1) = 2.638, p = 0.104	1
No	11	12	10	14.3	χ²(1) = 2.638, p = 0.104	0.87 (0.73 – 1.03)
Practice of competitive physical activity/sports (n = 81)
No	51	63	36	51.4	χ²(1) = 0.929, p = 0.335	1
Yes	30	37	24	34.3	χ²(1) = 0.929, p = 0.335	0.93 (0.80 – 1.08)

Variable	n	%	Neck pain		χ ²	PR (CI 95%)
Variable	n	%	n	%	χ ²	PR (CI 95%)
Sit down to write (n = 92)
Proper	13	14.1	10	18.5	χ²(1) = 2.646; p = 0.104	1
Improper	79	85.9	44	81.5	χ²(1) = 2.646; p = 0.104	1.18 (0.97 – 1.45)
Sit down to converse (n = 92)
Proper	18	19.6	12	22.2	χ²(1) = 0.754; p = 0.385	1
Improper	74	80.4	42	77.8	χ²(1) = 0.754; p = 0.385	1.08 (0.90 – 1.30)
Sit down to use the computer/notebook (n = 92)
Proper	22	23.9	12	22.2	χ²(1) = 0.108; p = 0.742	1
Improper	70	76.1	42	77.8	χ²(1) = 0.108; p = 0.742	0.97 (0.82 – 1.15)
Sit down to use the cell phone/tablet (n = 92)
Proper	4	4.3	3	5.6	χ²(1) = 0.586; p = 0.444	1
Improper	88	95.7	51	94.4	χ²(1) = 0.586; p = 0.444	1.15 (0.81 – 1.62)
Stand up to use the cell phone/tablet (n = 92)
Proper	3	3.3	1	1.9	χ²(1) = 0.946; p = 0.331	1
Improper	89	96.7	53	98.1	χ²(1) = 0.946; p = 0.331	0.85 (0.61 – 1.18)
Pick up an object from the floor (n = 92)
Proper	43	46.7	26	48.1	χ²(1) = 0.251; p = 0.616	1
Improper	49	53.3	28	51.9	χ²(1) = 0.251; p = 0.616	1.04 (0.90 – 1.20)
Sleeping posture (n = 92)
Proper	55	59.8	31	57.4	χ²(1) = 0.500; p = 0.480	1
Improper	37	40.2	23	42.6	χ²(1) = 0.500; p = 0.480	0.95 (0.82 – 1.10)
Hours using the computer/notebook (n = 92)
Up to 3 hours	66	71.7	42	77.8	χ²(1) = 1.951; p = 0.163	1
More than 3 hours	26	28.3	12	22.2	χ²(1) = 1.951; p = 0.163	1.12 (0.96 – 1.30)
Hours using the cell phone/tablet (n = 92)
Up to 3 hours	47	51.1	28	51.9	χ²(1) = 0.141; p = 0.709	1
More than 3 hours	45	48.9	26	48.1	χ²(1) = 0.141; p = 0.709	1.03 (0.89 – 1.19)
Hours of sleep per night (n = 92)
More than 7 hours	50	54.3	32	59.3	χ²(1) = 0.808; p = 0.369	1
Less than 7 hours	42	45.7	22	40.7	χ²(1) = 0.808; p = 0.369	1.07 (0.92 – 1.24)
Regular practice of physical activity/sports (n = 92)
Yes	81	88	45	83.3	χ²(1) = 3.883; p = 0.049^* statistically significant (*).	1
No	11	12	9	16.7	χ²(1) = 3.883; p = 0.049^* statistically significant (*).	0.81 (0.66 – 1.0)
Practice of competitive physical activity/sports (n = 81)
No	51	63	17	37.8	χ²(1) = 0.016; p = 0.899	1
Yes	30	37	28	62.2	χ²(1) = 0.016; p = 0.899	1.01 (0.86 – 1.19)

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[1] Correspondence: Luiza Rampi Pivotto. R. Felizardo, 750 - Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. 90690-200. luizarpivotto@gmail.com