Evaluación de sostenibilidad de Indicadores de Saneamiento en el Plan de las Cuencas del PCJ 2020-2035

Bega, João Miguel Merces; Borges, André do Vale; Lago, César Ambrogi Ferreira do; Mendes, Jakeline Pertile; Azevedo, Paulo de Tarso de; Santos, Welington José Rocha dos; Mariosa, Duarcides Ferreira

Brasil

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Special Issue: Sustentare and International Workshop on Sustainability Indicators (WIPIS) • Ambient. soc. 24 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20200247vu2021L4DE copiar

Evaluación de sostenibilidad de Indicadores de Saneamiento en el Plan de las Cuencas del PCJ 2020-2035

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen

Dada la limitación de los recursos naturales ante la creciente demanda, es imperativo conocer cómo se comportan las distintas variables que componen el proceso de sostenibilidad del agua. Apoyado en la técnica de estudio de caso e investigación exploratoria, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los indicadores de aguas servidas recolectadas y tratadas presentes en el Plan de Recursos Hídricos de las Cuencas del PCJ para el período 2020-35. Buscamos validar los indicadores contra los principios de sostenibilidad de Gibson, relacionándolos con las metas 6.2 y 6.3 del Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) 6. Se concluyó que los indicadores son importantes para medir el proceso hacia el logro del ODS 6, sin embargo, poseen fallas que ocultan información importante para la toma de decisiones más asertiva. En relación al objetivo de cumplir con el escenario de referencia de 2035, su validez fue observada por cuatro principios de Gibson.

Palabras-clave:
Indicadores de sostenibilidad; ODS 6; principios de Gibson; cuencas sostenibles

Target	Description	Indicators
6.1	By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all;	6.1.1 -Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services;
6.2	By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene all and end open defecation paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations;	6.2.1 -Proportion of population using (a) safely managed services and (b) a hand-washing facility with soap and water;
6.3	By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally;	6.3.1 -Proportion of domestic and industrial wastewater flows safely treated; 6.3.2 -Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality;
6.4	By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity;	6.4.1 -Change in water-use efficiency over time 6.4.2 -Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources;
6.5	By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate;	6.5.1 -Degree of integrated water resources management; 6.5.2 -Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation;
6.6	By 2020, protect and restore water- related ecosystem, including mountains forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes;	6.6.1 - Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time;
6.a	By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programs, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies;	6.a.1 -Amount of water- and sanitation-related official development assistance that is part of a government-coordinated spending plan;
6.b	Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management.	6.b.1 -Proportion of local administrative units with established and operational policies and procedures for participation of local communities in water and sanitation management.

Year	Collected Wastewater (%)	Treated Wastewater (%)	Collected and Treated Wastewater (%)
2014	92.3	72.7	67.1
2015	93.0	72.6	67.5
2016	91.0	73.1	66.5
2017	92.2	76.1	70.2
2018	93.3	76.8	71.7

Scenarios	Simplified description	BOD, N, P efficiency and Coliforms*
Zero Scenario (2016)	Scenario with 2016 population - WWTPs active in STAGE 1 (Calibration Scenario)	BOD: Current N: 35% P: 20% Colif.: 99%
Consolidated Scenario (2020)	Base Scenario for comparison purposes Population in 2020 WWTPs in expansion/ construction	BOD: Current N: 35% P: 20% Colif.: 99%
Meta-Scenario Discharge Patterns	Assessment for 80% maximum efficiency in the WWTPs Population in 2035	BOD: 80% N: 35% P: 20% Colif.: 99%
Meta-Scenario with restriction (2035)	2010 to 2020 Plan targets assessment (Cobrape, 2010) Population in 2035 BOD efficiency is restricted by the ceiling (95%)	BOD max.: 95% N: 60% P: 35% Colif.: 99.9%
Meta-Scenario without restriction (2035)	2010 to 2020 Plan Assessment (Cobrape, 2010) Population in 2035 BOD efficiency: not restricted by the ceiling (95%)	BOD max.: >95% N: 60% P: 35% Colif.: 99.9%
Ceiling Scenario (2035)	Ceilings assessment (TR premises) Population in 2035 Collection: 98%; Treat. 100%; eff. 95% BOD efficiency: restricted by the ceiling (95%).	BOD max.: 95% N: 75% P: 75% Colif.: 99.99%
Ceiling Scenario without restriction (2035)	Ceiling assessment (TR premises) Population in 2035 Collection: 98%; Treartment: 100% BOD efficiency: not restricted by the ceiling (95%).	BOD max.: >95% N: 95% P: 99% Colif.: 99.999%

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[1] João Miguel Merces Bega ✉ joaobega@usp.br