Alsofyani et al.(1515 Alsofyani MA, Malaekah HM, Bashawyah A, Bawazeer M, Akkour K, Alsalmi S, et al. Safety measures for COVID-19: a review of surgical preparedness at four major medical centres in Saudi Arabia. Patient Saf Surg. 2020;(14):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13037-020-00259-1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13037-020-00259...
) |
Institutional protocol / N / E / Saudi Arabia / 2020 |
Operating rooms and ICU |
Use of PPE, bed contingency, active search, and monitoring of suspected cases among professionals and patients, admission screening with temperature measurement, health education and continuing education. |
The study did not address the results regarding the implementation of the guidelines in the analyzed hospitals. |
Cho et al.(1616 Cho JH, Kang SH, Park HC, Kim DK, Lee SH, Do JY, et al. Hemodialysis with Cohort Isolation to Prevent Secondary Transmission during a COVID-19 Outbreak in Korea. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020;31(7):1398-408. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2020040461 https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2020040461...
) |
Cohort study/2B/ South Korea / 2020 |
hemodialysis |
HD-positive patients: transferred to a hospital with an isolation room and a portable dialysis machine. Positive healthcare workers: admitted to a hospital with an isolation room, covid-19 care centers or home isolation. |
During isolation, nine patients with symptoms tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Two health professionals were diagnosed in the closure test. |
Kawabata et al.(1717 Kawabata H, Okazaki Y, Watanabe K, Inoue T, Yamaguchie K, Ueda Y, et al. A box-shaped shielding device for reducing the risk of COVID-19 droplet infection during gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. J Clin Transl Res. 2020;6(6):236-40. https://doi.org/10.18053/jctres.06.202006.001 https://doi.org/10.18053/jctres.06.20200...
) |
Cohort study/2B Japan/2020 |
Gastrointestinal endoscopy |
Use of a cube-shaped box on the patient’s head with two windows to allow endoscopy. |
Patients suspected of having covid-19 were treated, and there were no complications. Professionals rated the device’s sense of security as 5/5. |
Morgan et al.(1818 Morgan RW, Kienzle M, Sen AI, Kilbaugh TJ, Dewan M, Raymond TT, et al. Pediatric Resuscitation Practices During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2020;21(9):e652. https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0000000000002512 https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.000000000000...
) |
Clinical trial/1A/ USA/2020 |
Critical care unit of a children’s hospital |
Among institutions, 91% have implemented changes to their inpatient COVID-19 emergency response systems, 76% have adhered to new protocols for patients with suspected COVID-19, and 74% are using new or adapted technologies. |
Most pediatric institutions have adapted their care protocols. The changes were related to PPE, airway management, team members and professional and patient safety. |
Rodriguez and Tantillo(1919 Rodriguez NQ, Tantillo L. Preventing COVID-19 Infection in Mental Health Units: recommendations for Best Practices. Ment Health Nurs. 2020;41(11):969-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2020.1820646 https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2020.18...
) |
Systematic review/1A/ USA/2020 |
Mental health |
Inpatient care was described using Gunderson’s five functions: containment, support and support, structure, involvement, and validation. |
To prevent the spread of covid 19, one must be prepared to manage the potential increase in hospitalizations, with safety for patients and professionals, as well as adequacy of facilities. |
Aljohani et al.(2020 Aljohani EA, Almadi FA, Basardah RA, Banjar MS, Almufawez KA, Tamimi HA. Safety of Bariatric Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: is there a need to screen low-risk patients? Int Surg. 2021;105(1-3):521-27. https://doi.org/10.9738/INTSURG-D-20-00021.1 https://doi.org/10.9738/INTSURG-D-20-000...
) |
Cohort study/2B/ Saudi Arabia / 2021 |
Bariatric surgery |
Use of preoperative respiratory scoring system screening to select low-risk patients for elective surgery. |
None of the patients developed postoperative complications or were admitted to the ICU. Only two patients were tested for covid-19, and both were negative. |
Erbas e Dost(2121 Erbas M, Dost B. Efficacy and Safety of an Aerosol Box for Percutaneous Tracheostomy in Patients with COVID-19 in an Intensive Care Unit. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2021;31(1):79-82. http://doi.org/10.29271/jcpsp.2021.Supp3.S79 http://doi.org/10.29271/jcpsp.2021.Supp3...
) |
Cohort study/2B/ Turkey / 2021 |
ICU |
Use of aerosol box during percutaneous tracheostomy. |
No healthcare professional was infected with SARS-CoV-2 while performing the tracheostomy procedure. |
Huddy et al.(2222 Huddy JR, Crockett M, Nizar AS, Smith R, Malki M, Barber N, et al. Experiences of a “COVID protected” robotic surgical centre for colorectal and urological cancer in the COVID-19 pandemic. J Robotic Surg. 2021;2022(16):59-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11701-021-01199-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11701-021-01199...
) |
Cohort study/2B/ UK/2021 |
Colorectal surgery |
Creation of a “covid safe” robotic unit for major elective surgeries, minimized employee contact with possible covid patients and isolation of patients, in addition to performing swabs before surgery. |
There were no known cases of patients included in the study developing coronavirus throughout the perioperative period. |
Jachetti et al.(2323 Jachetti A, Colombo G, Ottolini-Brignolo B, Franchi J, Solbiati M, Meli MP, et al. Emergency department reorganisation to cope with COVID-19 outbreak in Milan university hospital: a time-sensitive challenge. BMC Emerg Med. 2021;21(74):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-021-00464-w https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-021-00464...
) |
Cohort study/2B Italy/2021 |
Emergency department |
Separate screening, isolation for symptomatics, dedicated area for critical and non-critical covid patients, full PPE throughout, pre-isolation area for non-covid patients, decreased swab wait time. |
Unfortunately, the changes and contingency plans were not enough and the emergency department remained overcrowded. |
Landoas et al.(2424 Landoas A, Cazzorl F, Gallouche M, Larrat S, Nemoz B, Giner C, et al. SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial infection acquired in a French university hospital during the 1st wave of the Covid-19 pandemic, a prospective study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2021;10(114):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-021-00984-x https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-021-00984...
) |
Cohort study/2B/France/ 2021 |
Wards |
Use of mask by health professionals and patients, hand hygiene, physical distancing, implementation of screen in double rooms and disinfection of shared equipment. |
The safety measures adopted drastically reduced the nosocomial transmission of the virus. |
Mihalj et al.(2525 Mihalj M, Mosbahi S, Schmidli J, Heinisch PP, Reineke D, Schoenhoff F, et al. Providing safe perioperative care in cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2021;10(2021):321-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpa.2021.01.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpa.2021.01.00...
) |
Narrative review/‡n/e Switzerland /2021 |
Cardiac surgery |
Postponement of non-emergency surgeries, telemedicine for preoperative evaluation, use of masks and PPE, patient swabs during triage, self-isolation before surgery, specific operating room, and nasal decolonization for patients with covid-19. |
Operating on COVID‑19 patients may be reasonable in those who remain symptom-free. Nasal decolonization measures were causing more damage by increasing your risk of coughing or sneezing. |
Penwill et al.(2626 Penwill NY, Angulo NR, Pathak PR, Ja C, Elster MJ, Hochreiter D, et al. Changes in pediatric hospital care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021;2021(21):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06947-7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06947...
) |
Clinical trial/1A/ USA /2021 |
Children’s Hospital |
Regular, transparent, multimodal, and two-way communication was optimized by team members. Physicians increased use of videoconferencing and telehealth. |
Changes were identified such as: adoption of new hospital policies, video communication, personnel models, education strategies and support for the mental health of the team. |
Pilosof et al.(2727 Pilosof NP, Barrett M, Oborn E, Barkai G, Passach IM, Zimlichman E. Inpatient Telemedicine and New Models of Care during COVID-19: Hospital Design Strategies to Enhance Patient and Staff Safety. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(8391):1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168391 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168391...
) |
Case-control study/3B/ Israel/ 2021 |
Intensive care unit |
The control of nosocomial infections was investigated under the supervision of the team. Reduction of medical errors through the adoption of protocols. Prevention of contamination by covid-19. Stimulation of teamwork and operations management. |
Increased virtual visibility of patients and the team, optimization of the unit, facilitation of communication between the team and improvement of care through technological resources. |
Martins, Xavier and Cobrado (2828 Martins CPV, Xavier CSF, Cobrado L. Disinfection methods against SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review. J Hosp Infect. 2022;119(2022):85-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2021.07.014 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2021.07.0...
) |
Systematic review/ 2A/ Portugal/2022 |
Sterilization Material Center (CME) |
Use of ethanol and isopropanol on porcelain and ceramic surfaces, alcohol, chlorhexidine, PVP-I and soap on biological surfaces, silver, copper, and aluminum oxide combined in air conditioning systems, in addition to UV-C light, heat with different humidity levels for cleaning PPE, ozone. |
Alcohols and hand washing are the best options when it comes to choosing a quick and effective action against the virus. After decontamination, treatment with ozone is indicated. |
Nahidi et al.(2929 Nahidi S, Sotomayor-Castillo C, Li C, Currey J, Elliott R, Shaban, RZ. Australian critical care nurses’ knowledge, preparedness, and experiences of managing SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19 pandemic. Aust Crit Care. 2022;35(2022):22-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2021.04.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2021.04.0...
) |
Clinical trial/1A/ Australia/2022 |
Critical care unit of a children’s hospital |
Of the nurses, 82.3% felt prepared to manage patients with covid-19; 93.4% received specific education, training, or instruction; 55.7% reported that the pandemic has increased their workload. |
Most nurses reported being prepared to manage patients with covid-19. Those who had undergone training stood out in the answers. |