Extração e isolamento de diosgenina de barbasco

Zullo, Marco Antonio Teixeira; Ramos, Maria Tereza Baraldi; Monteiro, Domingos Antonio; Godoy Jr., Gentil

doi:10.1590/S0006-87051987000100002

Resumos

Dioscorea composita Hemsl. e D. floribunda Mart. & Gal., introduzidas no Brasil, mostraram teores de diosgenina de 3,15 ± 1,41% e 4,72 ± 0,24% na matéria seca dos tubérculos, com pureza mínima de 54,7 e 39,2% respectivamente. lamogenina também ocorre nos tubérculos de ambas as espécies. O teor de diosgenina em D. composita é crescente com a idade da planta, mostrando um máximo pronunciado em torno do terceiro ano de cultivo e estabilizando-se ao redor do sexto ano.

barbasco; Dioscorea composita Hemsl; Dioscorea floribunda Mart. & Gal.; Dioscoriaceae; diosgenina; iamogenina

Dioscorea composita Hemsl. and D. floribunda Mart. & Gal., introduced in Brazil, showed diosgenin contents of 3.15 ± 1.41% and 4.72 ± 0.24% on dried tubers, and minimum purities of 54.7% and 39.2%, respectively. Yamogenin co-occurs in the tubers of both species. The diosgenin content in D. composita increases according to the age of the plant, showing a pronounced maximum around the third year and stabilizing around the sixth year of cultivation. Methods for extraction, isolation and purification are also described.

yams; Dioscorea composita Hemsl.; Dioscorea floribunda Mart. & Gal.; Dioscoriaceae; diosgenin; yamogenin

ARTIGOS

Extração e isolamento de diosgenina de barbasco

Extraction and isolation of diosgenin from yams

Marco Antonio Teixeira ZulloI, ^* * Com bolsa de pesquisa do CNPq. ; Maria Tereza Baraldi Ramos^I; Domingos Antonio Monteiro^II; Gentil Godoy Jr.^III

^ISeção de Fitoquímica, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Caixa Postal 28, 13001 Campinas (SP)

^IISeção de Raízes e Tubérculos, IAC

IIIEstação Experimental de Ubatuba, IAC

RESUMO

Dioscorea composita Hemsl. e D. floribunda Mart. & Gal., introduzidas no Brasil, mostraram teores de diosgenina de 3,15 ± 1,41% e 4,72 ± 0,24% na matéria seca dos tubérculos, com pureza mínima de 54,7 e 39,2% respectivamente. lamogenina também ocorre nos tubérculos de ambas as espécies. O teor de diosgenina em D. composita é crescente com a idade da planta, mostrando um máximo pronunciado em torno do terceiro ano de cultivo e estabilizando-se ao redor do sexto ano.

Termos de indexação: barbasco, Dioscorea composita Hemsl, Dioscorea floribunda Mart. & Gal., Dioscoriaceae, diosgenina, iamogenina.

SUMMARY

Dioscorea composita Hemsl. and D. floribunda Mart. & Gal., introduced in Brazil, showed diosgenin contents of 3.15 ± 1.41% and 4.72 ± 0.24% on dried tubers, and minimum purities of 54.7% and 39.2%, respectively. Yamogenin co-occurs in the tubers of both species. The diosgenin content in D. composita increases according to the age of the plant, showing a pronounced maximum around the third year and stabilizing around the sixth year of cultivation. Methods for extraction, isolation and purification are also described.

Index terms: yams, Dioscorea composita Hemsl., Dioscorea floribunda Mart. & Gal., Dioscoriaceae, diosgenin, yamogenin.

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Recebido para publicação em 26 de novembro de 1985.

BARBOSA FILHO, J.M.; MEDEIROS, D.F. & BHATTACHARYYA, R. Estudos em dioscoriáceas brasileiras. Parte III. Investigação da Dioscorea trisepta L. e D. trifida L. Isolamento e identificação de diosgenina. Ciência e Cultura, São Paulo, 34(7):482, 1982. Suplemento.
^__________;^__________ & ^__________ Estudos sobre dioscoriáceas brasileiras. Parte IV. "Screening" de D. alata, D. bulbifera, D. leptostachya, D. glandulosa, D. dodecaneura e D. sculenta quanto ao conteúdo de diosgenina. Ciência e Cultura, São Paulo, 35(7):476, 1983. Suplemento.
BRUCE, W.F. & RALLS, J.O. Dihydrocholesterol. In: BLATT, A.H. Organic syntheses. New York, John Wiley, 1943. Collective Volume 2, p.191-193.
CRUZADO, H.J.; DELPIN, H. & ROARKE, B.A. Sapogenin production in relation to age of tuber in two Dioscorea species. Turrialba, 15(1):25-28,1965.
DIRSCHERL, W. & NAHM, H. Die Seitenkette des b-und g-Sitosterins. Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie, 555:57-69, 1944.
FIESER, L.F. & FIESER, M. Hormones from diosgenin. In:^__________ Steroids. New York, Reinhold Publishing, 1959. p.547-554.
MARKER, R.E. Steroidal hormone intermediates, U. S. Patent 2,420, 489. Apud Chemical Abstracts, 41:5689, 1947.
^__________; TSUKAMOTO, T. & TURNER, D.L. Sterols. C. Diosgenin. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 62:2525-2532, 1940.
^__________; WAGNER, R.B.; ULSHAFER, P.R.; WITTBECKER, E.; GOLDSMITH, D.P.J. &RUOF, C.H. Sterols. CLVII. Sapogenins. LXIX. Isolation and structures of thirteen new steroidal sapogenins. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 65:1199-1209, 1943.
MORRIS, M.P.; ROARKE, BA & CANCEL, B. Simple procedure for the routine assay of Dioscorea tubers. Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 6:856-858, 1956.
ROTHROCK, J.W.; STOUDT, T.H. & GARBER, J.D. Isolation of diosgenin by microbiological hydrolysis of saponin. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 57:151-155, 1955.
ROZANSKI, A. A simplified method of extraction of diosgenin from Dioscorea tubers and its determination by gas-liquid chromatography. Analyst, 97:968-972, 1972.
SAUVAIRE, Y. & BACCOU, J.C. L'Obtention de la diosgénine, (25R)-Spirost-5-ène-3 b-ol; Problèmes de l'hydrolyse acide des saponines. Lloydia, 41(3):247-256, 1978.
TSUKAMOTO, T. & UENO, Y. Glucosides of Dioscorea tokoro Makino. I. Dioscin, dioscoreasapotoxin and diosgenin. Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 56: 802, 1936.
WALL, M.E.; KRIDER, M.M.; KREWSON, C.F.; EDDY, C.R.; WILLAMAN, J.J.; CORELL, D.S. & GENTRY, H.S. Steroidal sapogenins. VII. Survey of plants for steroidal sapogenins and other constituents. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Associar tion, 43:1-7, 1954.
^__________ & WALLENS, H.A. Steroidal sapogenins. XXVII. Preparation and properties of 20-isosapogenins. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 77:5661-5665, 1955.

*

Com bolsa de pesquisa do CNPq.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
06 Dez 2007
Data do Fascículo
1987

Histórico

Recebido
26 Nov 1985

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] BARBOSA FILHO, J.M.; MEDEIROS, D.F. & BHATTACHARYYA, R. Estudos em dioscoriáceas brasileiras. Parte III. Investigação da Dioscorea trisepta L. e D. trifida L. Isolamento e identificação de diosgenina. Ciência e Cultura, São Paulo, 34(7):482, 1982. Suplemento.

[2] ^__________;^__________ & ^__________ Estudos sobre dioscoriáceas brasileiras. Parte IV. "Screening" de D. alata, D. bulbifera, D. leptostachya, D. glandulosa, D. dodecaneura e D. sculenta quanto ao conteúdo de diosgenina. Ciência e Cultura, São Paulo, 35(7):476, 1983. Suplemento.

[3] BRUCE, W.F. & RALLS, J.O. Dihydrocholesterol. In: BLATT, A.H. Organic syntheses. New York, John Wiley, 1943. Collective Volume 2, p.191-193.

[4] CRUZADO, H.J.; DELPIN, H. & ROARKE, B.A. Sapogenin production in relation to age of tuber in two Dioscorea species. Turrialba, 15(1):25-28,1965.

[5] DIRSCHERL, W. & NAHM, H. Die Seitenkette des b-und g-Sitosterins. Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie, 555:57-69, 1944.

[6] FIESER, L.F. & FIESER, M. Hormones from diosgenin. In:^__________ Steroids. New York, Reinhold Publishing, 1959. p.547-554.

[7] MARKER, R.E. Steroidal hormone intermediates, U. S. Patent 2,420, 489. Apud Chemical Abstracts, 41:5689, 1947.

[8] ^__________; TSUKAMOTO, T. & TURNER, D.L. Sterols. C. Diosgenin. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 62:2525-2532, 1940.

[9] ^__________; WAGNER, R.B.; ULSHAFER, P.R.; WITTBECKER, E.; GOLDSMITH, D.P.J. &RUOF, C.H. Sterols. CLVII. Sapogenins. LXIX. Isolation and structures of thirteen new steroidal sapogenins. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 65:1199-1209, 1943.

[10] MORRIS, M.P.; ROARKE, BA & CANCEL, B. Simple procedure for the routine assay of Dioscorea tubers. Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 6:856-858, 1956.

[11] ROTHROCK, J.W.; STOUDT, T.H. & GARBER, J.D. Isolation of diosgenin by microbiological hydrolysis of saponin. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 57:151-155, 1955.

[12] ROZANSKI, A. A simplified method of extraction of diosgenin from Dioscorea tubers and its determination by gas-liquid chromatography. Analyst, 97:968-972, 1972.

[13] SAUVAIRE, Y. & BACCOU, J.C. L'Obtention de la diosgénine, (25R)-Spirost-5-ène-3 b-ol; Problèmes de l'hydrolyse acide des saponines. Lloydia, 41(3):247-256, 1978.

[14] TSUKAMOTO, T. & UENO, Y. Glucosides of Dioscorea tokoro Makino. I. Dioscin, dioscoreasapotoxin and diosgenin. Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 56: 802, 1936.

[15] WALL, M.E.; KRIDER, M.M.; KREWSON, C.F.; EDDY, C.R.; WILLAMAN, J.J.; CORELL, D.S. & GENTRY, H.S. Steroidal sapogenins. VII. Survey of plants for steroidal sapogenins and other constituents. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Associar tion, 43:1-7, 1954.

[16] ^__________ & WALLENS, H.A. Steroidal sapogenins. XXVII. Preparation and properties of 20-isosapogenins. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 77:5661-5665, 1955.