Influência da adubação nas relações entre constituintes químicos dos grãos, dos grãos e das folhas, e a produção de milho

Gallo, J. Romano; Teixeira, J. P. F.; Spoladore, D. S.; Igue, T.; Miranda, L. T. de

doi:10.1590/S0006-87051976000200016

Resumos

Dados do ano agrícola 1972-73 de dois ensaios permanentes de adubação em milho foram utilizados para determinar os efeitos da aplicação anual continuada de sulfato de amônio, superfosfato simples e cloreto de potássio na produção e composição química dos grãos. A análise química foliar foi utilizada para determinar os efeitos dessas variações nutricionais. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a adubação e as condições ambientes (localidade) afetaram significativamente a produção e a composição das folhas e dos grãos.

Data of a continuous fertilization yield trial were analysed in two locations in 1972-73, to study the effect of continuous annual application of ammonium sul-phate, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride on yield and composition of kernels. The foliar chemical analysis was utilized to determine the plant response to the fertilizer application. Data showed a significant effect of local conditions on the yield and composition of plant material. Ammonium sulphate and superphosphate increased yield in both locations whereas potassium chloride was a factor only in Mococa. Phosphate application was the main factor to explain yield in any condition. In Mococa the nitrogen dosage, the contents of N, S, P, Mn, Cu, Zn in the leaf +4 and yield were positively correlated with protein and negatively associated with starch percentage of the seed. All the above cited nutrients increased with ammonium sulphate application. Both phosphate fertilizer and P in leaves correlated positively with seed oil content. Potassium fertilizer and K in leaves were positively correlated with percent oil and negatively associated with linoleic acid. Total oil content and linoleic acid showed negative correlation. There was a tendency for potassium fertilizer decrease starch in the grain. This was evidenced by negative correlation between K and CI in the leaves and kernel starch. Both locations showed significant correlation between same leaf and grain elements. Sulphur and N, Mo-Fe were positive whereas Pe-P and Al-P showed negative values. The amino acids glycine, lysine, and tryptophan in the protein fraction of the seed were negatively associated with crude protein content in Mococa, while there was an increase of proline followed by reduction of phenylalanine and arginine in Campinas. Yield and P in the leaf correlated positively with oil content in both places. Both oil content and fatty acid composition were affected by location. High oil content seeds revealed higher levels of oleic, palmitic, stearic, and lower linoleic acid content.

Influência da adubação nas relações entre constituintes químicos dos grãos, dos grãos e das folhas, e a produção de milho¹ 1 Trabalho apresentado na XXVIII Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência, realizada em Brasília, no período de 7 a 14 de julho de 1976.

Effect of fertilizer on chemical composition of kernels, leaves and yield of a corn hybrid

J. Romano Gallo^I^,² 2 Com bolsa de suplementação do C.N.Pq. ; J. P. F. Teixeira^I; D. S. Spoladore^I; T. Igue^II^,² 2 Com bolsa de suplementação do C.N.Pq. ; L. T. de Miranda^III

^ISeção de Química Analítica

^IISeção de Técnica Experimental e Cálculo

^IIISeção de Milho e Cereais Diversos, Instituto Agronômico

SINOPSE

Dados do ano agrícola 1972-73 de dois ensaios permanentes de adubação em milho foram utilizados para determinar os efeitos da aplicação anual continuada de sulfato de amônio, superfosfato simples e cloreto de potássio na produção e composição química dos grãos. A análise química foliar foi utilizada para determinar os efeitos dessas variações nutricionais. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a adubação e as condições ambientes (localidade) afetaram significativamente a produção e a composição das folhas e dos grãos.

SUMMARY

Data of a continuous fertilization yield trial were analysed in two locations in 1972-73, to study the effect of continuous annual application of ammonium sul-phate, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride on yield and composition of kernels. The foliar chemical analysis was utilized to determine the plant response to the fertilizer application.

Data showed a significant effect of local conditions on the yield and composition of plant material. Ammonium sulphate and superphosphate increased yield in both locations whereas potassium chloride was a factor only in Mococa.

Phosphate application was the main factor to explain yield in any condition. In Mococa the nitrogen dosage, the contents of N, S, P, Mn, Cu, Zn in the leaf +4 and yield were positively correlated with protein and negatively associated with starch percentage of the seed. All the above cited nutrients increased with ammonium sulphate application. Both phosphate fertilizer and P in leaves correlated positively with seed oil content. Potassium fertilizer and K in leaves were positively correlated with percent oil and negatively associated with linoleic acid. Total oil content and linoleic acid showed negative correlation. There was a tendency for potassium fertilizer decrease starch in the grain. This was evidenced by negative correlation between K and CI in the leaves and kernel starch.

Both locations showed significant correlation between same leaf and grain elements. Sulphur and N, Mo-Fe were positive whereas Pe-P and Al-P showed negative values.

The amino acids glycine, lysine, and tryptophan in the protein fraction of the seed were negatively associated with crude protein content in Mococa, while there was an increase of proline followed by reduction of phenylalanine and arginine in Campinas.

Yield and P in the leaf correlated positively with oil content in both places. Both oil content and fatty acid composition were affected by location. High oil content seeds revealed higher levels of oleic, palmitic, stearic, and lower linoleic acid content.

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LITERATURA CITADA

Recebido para publicação em 27 de junho de 1976.

1. ANGELUCCI, E. Carbohidratos: In: IV Curso de Análise Química de Alimentos. Campinas, Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos, 1972. 112p. (Mimeografado)
2. CATANI, R. A. & GALLO, J. R. Efeitos determinados no solo pelo uso contínuo de fertilizantes. Bragantia 13:75-83, 1954.
3. COIC, Y.; FAUCONNEAU, G.; PION, R.; BUSSON, F.; LESAINT, C. & LABONNE, F. Influence de 1'alimentation minérale sur la composition des protides des graines de céréales (blé et orge). Ann. Physiol, vég. 5:281-292, 1963.
4. CONCON, J. M. & SOLTESS, D. Rapid micro Kjeldahl digestion of cereal grains and other biological materials. Anal. Biochem. 53:35-41, 1973.
5. CURTIS, P. E.; LENG, E. R. & HAGEMAN, R. H. Developmental chances in oil and fatty acid content of maize strains varying in oil content. Crop Sci. 8:689-693, 1968.
6. DRAPER, S. R. A model of lysine deposition in cereal grains. J. agric. Sci.,Camb. 85:381-393, 1975.
7. EMMERT, F. H. The bearing of ion interactions on tissue analysis results. In: Reuther, W., ed. Plant analysis and fertilizer problems. Washington 6, D. C, American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1961, p.231-243.
8. FURLANI, A. M. C; HIROCE, R.; TEIXEIRA, J. P. F.; GALLO, J. R. & MIRANDA FILHO, H. Efeitos da aplicação de doses crescentes de cloreto e de sulfato de potássio na nutrição e produção da batatinha (Solanum tuberosum 'Bintje'). In: REUNIÃO ANUAL DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA PARA O PROGRESSO DA CIÊNCIA, 28., Brasília, 1976.
9. GALLO, J. R. & COELHO, F. A. S. Diagnose da nutrição nitrogenada do milho, pela análise química das folhas. Bragantia 22:537-548. 1963.
10. GALLO, J. R.; IGUE, T.; BATAGLIA, O. C; FXJRLANI, A. M. C. & MIRANDA, L. E. C. Influência do uso contínuo de fertilizantes na nutrição mineral do milho (Zea mays L.) híbrido IAC Hmd/6999B. Campinas, CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE CIÊNCIA DO SOLO, 15., 1975, p. 245-254. Anais.
11. GEHRKE, C. W.; WALL, L. L. & ABSHEER, J. S. Automated nitrogen method for feeds. J. AOAC 56:1096-1105, 1973.
12. GENTER, C. F.; EHEART, J. F. & LINKOUS, W. N. Effects of location, hybrid, fertilizer, and rate of planting on the oil and protein contents of corn grain. Agron. J. 48:63-67. 1956.
13. GORSLINE, G. W.; THOMAS, W. I. & BAKER, D. E. Inheritance of P, K, Mg, Cu, B, Zn, Mn, Al and Fe concentrations by corn (Zea mays L.) leaves and grain. Crop Sci. 4:207-210, 1964.
14. GOUNY, P. Observaciones sobre el comportamiento del vegetal em presencia de iones de cloro. Revista de la Potasa, Sección 3, 45.Ş continuación, n.° 5, 1973. 14p.
15. HAMMARSTRAND, K. Gas chromatographic analyses of fatty acids. California, USA, Varian Aerograph, 1966. 24p.
16. JELLUM, M. D. & MARION, J. E. Factors affecting oil content and oil composition of corn (Zea mays L.) grain. Crop. Sci. 6:41-42, 1966.
17. ______; BOSWELL, F. C. & YOUNG, C. T. Nitrogen and boron effects on protein and oil of corn grain. Agron. J. 65:330-331, 1973.
18. LOUSTALOT, A. J.; GILBERT, S. G. & DROSDOFF, M. The effects of nitrogen and potassium levels in tung seedlings on growth, apparent photo-synthesis, and carbohydrate composition. Plant Physiol. 25:394-412, 1950.
19. MACGREGOR, J. M.; TASKOVITCH, L. T. & MARTIN, W. P. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and soil type on the amino acid content of corn grain. Agron. J. 53:211-214, 1961.
20. PATRICK, R. M.; HOSKINS, F. H.; WILSON, E. & PETERSON, F. J. Protein and amino acid content of rice as affected by application of nitrogen fertilizer. Cereal Chem. 51:84-95, 1974.
²¹
PERKIN-ELMER. Instruction manual for ligand method by single sequencial system with Model KLA-3B Amino Acid Analyzer. Norwalk, Connecticut, USA, 1971.
22. SAUBERLICH, H. E.; CHANG, WAN-YUIN & SALMON, W. D. The amino acid and protein content of corn as related to variety and nitrogen fertilization. J. of Nutrition 51:241-250, 1953.
23. VILLEGAS, F. & MERTZ, E. T. Chemical screening for protein maize quality at CIMMYT. México, CIMMYT, 1971. 14p. (Research Bull 20)
24. WOODHAM, A. A.; SAVIC, S. & HEPBURN, W. R. Evaluation of barley as asource of protein for chicks. I. Variety and nitrogen application in relation to protein content and amino-acid composition of the seed. J. Sci. Fd Agric. 23:1045-1054, 1972.

1

Trabalho apresentado na XXVIII Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência, realizada em Brasília, no período de 7 a 14 de julho de 1976.

2

Com bolsa de suplementação do C.N.Pq.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
20 Fev 2009
Data do Fascículo
Jul 1976

Histórico

Recebido
27 Jun 1976

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. ANGELUCCI, E. Carbohidratos: In: IV Curso de Análise Química de Alimentos. Campinas, Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos, 1972. 112p. (Mimeografado)

[2] 2. CATANI, R. A. & GALLO, J. R. Efeitos determinados no solo pelo uso contínuo de fertilizantes. Bragantia 13:75-83, 1954.

[3] 3. COIC, Y.; FAUCONNEAU, G.; PION, R.; BUSSON, F.; LESAINT, C. & LABONNE, F. Influence de 1'alimentation minérale sur la composition des protides des graines de céréales (blé et orge). Ann. Physiol, vég. 5:281-292, 1963.

[4] 4. CONCON, J. M. & SOLTESS, D. Rapid micro Kjeldahl digestion of cereal grains and other biological materials. Anal. Biochem. 53:35-41, 1973.

[5] 5. CURTIS, P. E.; LENG, E. R. & HAGEMAN, R. H. Developmental chances in oil and fatty acid content of maize strains varying in oil content. Crop Sci. 8:689-693, 1968.

[6] 6. DRAPER, S. R. A model of lysine deposition in cereal grains. J. agric. Sci.,Camb. 85:381-393, 1975.

[7] 7. EMMERT, F. H. The bearing of ion interactions on tissue analysis results. In: Reuther, W., ed. Plant analysis and fertilizer problems. Washington 6, D. C, American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1961, p.231-243.

[8] 8. FURLANI, A. M. C; HIROCE, R.; TEIXEIRA, J. P. F.; GALLO, J. R. & MIRANDA FILHO, H. Efeitos da aplicação de doses crescentes de cloreto e de sulfato de potássio na nutrição e produção da batatinha (Solanum tuberosum 'Bintje'). In: REUNIÃO ANUAL DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA PARA O PROGRESSO DA CIÊNCIA, 28., Brasília, 1976.

[9] 9. GALLO, J. R. & COELHO, F. A. S. Diagnose da nutrição nitrogenada do milho, pela análise química das folhas. Bragantia 22:537-548. 1963.

[10] 10. GALLO, J. R.; IGUE, T.; BATAGLIA, O. C; FXJRLANI, A. M. C. & MIRANDA, L. E. C. Influência do uso contínuo de fertilizantes na nutrição mineral do milho (Zea mays L.) híbrido IAC Hmd/6999B. Campinas, CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE CIÊNCIA DO SOLO, 15., 1975, p. 245-254. Anais.

[11] 11. GEHRKE, C. W.; WALL, L. L. & ABSHEER, J. S. Automated nitrogen method for feeds. J. AOAC 56:1096-1105, 1973.

[12] 12. GENTER, C. F.; EHEART, J. F. & LINKOUS, W. N. Effects of location, hybrid, fertilizer, and rate of planting on the oil and protein contents of corn grain. Agron. J. 48:63-67. 1956.

[13] 13. GORSLINE, G. W.; THOMAS, W. I. & BAKER, D. E. Inheritance of P, K, Mg, Cu, B, Zn, Mn, Al and Fe concentrations by corn (Zea mays L.) leaves and grain. Crop Sci. 4:207-210, 1964.

[14] 14. GOUNY, P. Observaciones sobre el comportamiento del vegetal em presencia de iones de cloro. Revista de la Potasa, Sección 3, 45.Ş continuación, n.° 5, 1973. 14p.

[15] 15. HAMMARSTRAND, K. Gas chromatographic analyses of fatty acids. California, USA, Varian Aerograph, 1966. 24p.

[16] 16. JELLUM, M. D. & MARION, J. E. Factors affecting oil content and oil composition of corn (Zea mays L.) grain. Crop. Sci. 6:41-42, 1966.

[17] 17. ______; BOSWELL, F. C. & YOUNG, C. T. Nitrogen and boron effects on protein and oil of corn grain. Agron. J. 65:330-331, 1973.

[18] 18. LOUSTALOT, A. J.; GILBERT, S. G. & DROSDOFF, M. The effects of nitrogen and potassium levels in tung seedlings on growth, apparent photo-synthesis, and carbohydrate composition. Plant Physiol. 25:394-412, 1950.

[19] 19. MACGREGOR, J. M.; TASKOVITCH, L. T. & MARTIN, W. P. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and soil type on the amino acid content of corn grain. Agron. J. 53:211-214, 1961.

[20] 20. PATRICK, R. M.; HOSKINS, F. H.; WILSON, E. & PETERSON, F. J. Protein and amino acid content of rice as affected by application of nitrogen fertilizer. Cereal Chem. 51:84-95, 1974.

[21] ²¹
PERKIN-ELMER. Instruction manual for ligand method by single sequencial system with Model KLA-3B Amino Acid Analyzer. Norwalk, Connecticut, USA, 1971.

[22] 22. SAUBERLICH, H. E.; CHANG, WAN-YUIN & SALMON, W. D. The amino acid and protein content of corn as related to variety and nitrogen fertilization. J. of Nutrition 51:241-250, 1953.

[23] 23. VILLEGAS, F. & MERTZ, E. T. Chemical screening for protein maize quality at CIMMYT. México, CIMMYT, 1971. 14p. (Research Bull 20)

[24] 24. WOODHAM, A. A.; SAVIC, S. & HEPBURN, W. R. Evaluation of barley as asource of protein for chicks. I. Variety and nitrogen application in relation to protein content and amino-acid composition of the seed. J. Sci. Fd Agric. 23:1045-1054, 1972.