EVALUACIÓN DE FACTORES DE RIESGO DE CAÍDAS DURANTE LA INSTITUCIONALIZACIÓN DEL ANCIANO

Baixinho, Cristina Rosa Soares Lavareda; Dixe, Maria dos Anjos Coelho Rodrigues

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Original Article • Texto contexto - enferm. 30 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2020-0331 copiar

EVALUACIÓN DE FACTORES DE RIESGO DE CAÍDAS DURANTE LA INSTITUCIONALIZACIÓN DEL ANCIANO

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivos:

describir la construcción y validación de la escala de prácticas de evaluación de factores de riesgo de caídas durante la institucionalización del anciano, y describir las prácticas de evaluación y comunicación de riesgo de caídas al anciano institucionalizado.

Método:

estudio metodológico que permitió construir y determinar las propiedades psicométricas de las Escala de Prácticas de Evaluación de Riesgo de Caídas durante la institucionalización del anciano, realizado en seis hogares para ancianos, en 2018

Resultados:

la escala muestra una consistencia interna de α=0,949 y 3 dimensiones: prácticas de evaluación de factores de riesgo biofisiológicos; prácticas de comunicación y formación; prácticas de evaluación de riesgos relativos a calzado y vestimenta del anciano.

Conclusiones:

los factores de riesgo evaluados están asociados a la movilidad. Está infravalorada la información sobre factores de riesgo de caída durante la institucionalización, y la comunicación de los mismos en los equipos de trabajo.

DESCRIPTORES:
Accidentes por caídas; Anciano; Riesgo; Cuidadores; Hogares para ancianos; Institucionalización

Item number and content	Overall Pearson’s correlation without the item	Overall Cronbach’s alpha without the item
1. I identify whether the elderly person has muscle strength	.758	.945
2. I observe whether the elderly person has difficulty walking	.676	.947
3. I observe whether the elderly person has balance alterations	.672	.947
4. I identify whether the elderly person has vision alterations	.686	.946
5. I identify whether the elderly person has hearing alterations	.665	.947
6. I identify whether the elderly person has alterations in their state of consciousness	.629	.947
7. I observe whether the elderly person is dependent in carrying out activities of daily living	.682	.946
8. I ask the elderly person if they are afraid to fall	.694	.946
9. I evaluate whether the elderly person has sedentary behavior	.605	.948
10. I observe whether the elderly person looks thin	.680	.946
11. I verify whether the elderly person has foot problems	.673	.947
12. I evaluate whether the elderly person has incontinence	.627	.947
13. I verify whether the elderly person’s footwear is appropriate	.716	.946
14. I verify that the elderly person’s clothing is neither too large nor dragging on the floor	.677	.946
15. I find out whether the elderly person has chronic diseases	.696	.946
16. Before taking action, I take time to define fall risk factors	.727	.946
17. I try to deepen my knowledge of the elderly person’s health problems	.657	.947
18. I listen and talk to the elderly person about fall risk factors	.666	.947
19. I communicate the identified fall risk factors to nurses	.687	.946
20. I try to keep my knowledge of fall risks updated	.705	.946
Total Cronbach’s alpha	0.949

Item number and content		H2	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3
1. I identify whether the elderly person has muscle strength		.681	.640
2. I observe whether the elderly person has difficulty walking		.748	.805
3. I observe whether the elderly person has balance alterations		.701	.744
4. I identify whether the elderly person has vision alterations		.559	.493
5. I identify whether the elderly person has hearing alterations		.498	.485
6. I identify whether the elderly person has alterations in their state of consciousness		.676	.758
7. I observe whether the elderly person is dependent in carrying out activities of daily living		.553	.573
9. I evaluate whether the elderly person has sedentary behavior		.603	.643
10. I observe whether the elderly person looks thin		.564	.537
12. I evaluate whether the elderly person has incontinence		.604	.540
15. I find out whether the elderly person has chronic diseases		.607	.625
8. I ask the elderly person if they are afraid to fall		.513		.346
16. Before taking action, I take time to define fall risk factors		.716		.736
17. I try to deepen my knowledge of the elderly person’s health problems		.647		.737
18. I listen and talk to the elderly person about fall risk factors		.594		.668
19. I communicate the identified fall risk factors to nurses		.709		.773
20. I try to keep my knowledge of fall risks updated		.691		.740
11. I verify whether the elderly person has foot problems		.706			.756
13. I verify whether the elderly person’s footwear is appropriate		.751			.756
14. I verify that the elderly person’s clothing is neither too large nor dragging on the floor		.791			.799
% of variance explained by factor			23.880	22.004	18.174
Total of explained variance			64.058
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure	.895
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity	2,083.680

Item number and content	Average	SD
1. I identify whether the elderly person has muscle strength	4.11	1.03
2. I observe whether the elderly person has difficulty walking	4.44	.85
3. I observe whether the elderly person has balance alterations	4.32	.85
4. I identify whether the elderly person has vision alterations	3.91	1.06
5. I identify whether the elderly person has hearing alterations	3.93	1.08
6. I identify whether the elderly person has alterations in their state of consciousness	4.34	.97
7. I observe whether the elderly person is dependent in carrying out activities of daily living	4.47	.83
10. I observe whether the elderly person looks thin	4.07	1.04
12. I evaluate whether the elderly person has incontinence	4.15	1.05
15. I find out whether the elderly person has chronic diseases	4.22	1.04
8. I ask the elderly person if they are afraid to fall	3.90	1.15
16. Before taking action, I take time to define fall risk factors	4.01	1.03
17. I try to deepen my knowledge of the elderly person’s health problems	4.12	.92
18. I listen and talk to the elderly person about fall risk factors	4.01	1.07
19. I communicate the identified fall risk factors to nurses	4.16	1.17
20. I try to keep my knowledge of fall risks updated	4.23	1.02
11. I verify whether the elderly person has foot problems	3.95	1.12
13. I verify whether the elderly person’s footwear is appropriate	4.06	1.04
14. I verify that the elderly person’s clothing is neither too large nor dragging on the floor	4.13	1.06
Total	78.53	19.46
Factor 1 (practices of evaluation of biophysiological risk factors)	41.96	9.84
Factor 2 (practices of communication and training)	24.43	6.39
Factor 3 (practices of evaluation of risks associated with putting on clothing and footwear)	12.14	3.23

Scales/course during professional practice		N*	Average	SD	t^†	p^§
SPERFI - Factor 1	yes	94	46.98	8.12	1.736	.085
SPERFI - Factor 1	no	43	44.41	7.86	1.736	.085
SPERFI - Factor 2	yes	95	24.87	5.03	1.011	.314
SPERFI - Factor 2	no	48	23.95	5.25	1.011	.314
SPERFI - Factor 3	yes	98	12.42	2.92	1.515	.132
SPERFI - Factor 3	no	46	11.65	2.69	1.515	.132
SPERFI - Total	yes	98	84.47	15.00	.886	.377
SPERFI - Total	no	46	82.07	11.65	.886	.377

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E-mail: textoecontexto@contato.ufsc.br

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Cristina Rosa Soares Lavareda Baixinho crbaixinho@esel.pt