VALIDACIÓN DE UN CUADERNILLO EDUCATIVO: EFECTO SOBRE EL CONOCIMIENTO ACERCA DE LA PREVENCIÓN DEL SÍNDROME METABÓLICO ENTRE ADOLESCENTES

Rocha, Mariana Rodrigues da; Vale, Hiugo Santos do; Moreira, Thereza Maria Magalhães; Borges, José Wicto Pereira; Machado, Ana Larissa Gomes; Silva, Ana Roberta Vilarouca da

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Original Article • Texto contexto - enferm. 31 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2021-0074 copiar

VALIDACIÓN DE UN CUADERNILLO EDUCATIVO: EFECTO SOBRE EL CONOCIMIENTO ACERCA DE LA PREVENCIÓN DEL SÍNDROME METABÓLICO ENTRE ADOLESCENTES

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

validar el cuadernillo educativo para promover el conocimiento sobre la prevención del Síndrome Metabólico entre adolescentes.

Método:

cuasi experimento de series temporales realizado en 2020 con 37 adolescentes de cinco escuelas públicas pertenecientes a la red estatal de enseñanza de Picos, Piauí, Brasil. Se realizó en dos fases: 1) desarrollo del guion de preguntas sobre prevención del SM y su validación de contenido a cargo de 17 especialistas; 2) cuasiexperimento con lectura del cuadernillo “Síndrome Metabólica: Como me prevenir?” (“Síndrome Metabólico: ¿Cómo puedo protegerme?”), y evaluación del conocimiento de los adolescentes antes y después de la lectura a través del guion de preguntas. Para analizar la validez del contenido del guion de preguntas, se calculó la Relación de Validez de Contenido (Content Validity Ratio, CVR>0,529). Para investigar el efecto del cuadernillo educativo sobre el conocimiento de los adolescentes, se utilizó la prueba de McNemar (p<0,05). El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética e Investigación de la Universidade Federal do Piauí.

Resultados:

el CVR total del guion fue de 0,718, lo que representa buena validación del contenido del guion de preguntas. Se eliminaron tres afirmaciones (CVR<0,529). En relación con el conocimiento de los adolescentes, el 45,9% presentó mejoras, sin diferencias significativas (p=0,067).

Conclusión:

el conocimiento de los adolescentes fue superior en prácticamente la mitad de los participantes en el post-test, lo que demuestra que leer el cuadernillo educativo favoreció el conocimiento sobre la prevención del Síndrome Metabólico.

DESCRIPTORES:
Síndrome Metabólico X; Adolescente; Educación en salud; Tecnología educativa; Estudios de validación

Items		CVR^*
1	Metabolic Syndrome is characterized by a set of factors that increase the chances of having heart or blood vessel problems.	1.0
2	A person with Metabolic Syndrome can present accumulation of fat in the abdominal region.	1.0
3	High blood sugar is not a component identified in people with Metabolic Syndrome.	0.412^**
4	High blood pressure is a component identified in people with Metabolic Syndrome.	1.0
5	Excess of fat accumulated in the cells is a component identified in people with Metabolic Syndrome.	1.0
6	High good cholesterol (HDL) increases the risk of suffering Metabolic Syndrome.	0.176^**
7	A person with a family history of Metabolic Syndrome is also at risk of developing this disease.	0.765
8	The risk of developing Metabolic Syndrome increases if the person leads a sedentary life, without practicing physical activity.	1.0
9	All the individuals who follow an inadequate diet can present more chances of developing Metabolic Syndrome.	0.647
10	Smoking is a risk factor for the development of Metabolic Syndrome.	0.765
11	Metabolic Syndrome is only found in adults and in aged individuals.	0.176^†
12	Currently, the number of children and adolescents with Metabolic Syndrome is ever increasing.	0.882
13	The Metabolic Syndrome diagnosis must be made by a health professional, through the evaluation of physical and laboratory exams.	1.0
14	Metabolic Syndrome can be prevented!	0.882
15	Healthy eating prevents the development of Metabolic Syndrome; that is why vegetables, legumes and fruits must be included in the meals.	1.0
16	At all ages, it is fundamental to practice some physical exercise; in the case of adolescents, such practice must be periodic, at least 60 minutes of daily physical activity.	1.0
17	Regular physical activity helps prevent the development of risk factors for Metabolic Syndrome; in addition to that, it also increases self-esteem and helps improve well-being.	1.0
18	The smoking habit causes aesthetics problems, but does not favor the emergence of cardiovascular diseases (heart and blood vessels).	0.059^†
19	Excessive alcohol consumption can cause physical and mental malaise, aggressive behavior and, in the long term, a large number of fatal diseases, Metabolic Syndrome among them.	0.647
20	Experiencing persistent stressful moments does not interfere in cardiac diseases (heart and blood vessels) or in the development of Metabolic Syndrome.	-0.059^†
Overall CVR^*		0.718

Variables	N	%	Mean±SD^*
Gender
Female	26	70.3
Male	11	29.7
Age group			15.9±1.0
14-15 years old	13	35.1
16-17 years old	24	64.9
Schooling (years of study)			12.4±1.5
9-10 years	2	5.4
11-12 years	17	46.0
13-14 years	15	40.5
15-16 years	3	8.1
Skin color (self-reported)
White	11	29.7
Black	6	16.2
Asian	3	8.1
Brown	17	45.9
Household arrangement
Parents	34	91.9
Others	3	8.1
Number of people living in the house			4.2±1.2
2-3	11	29.7
4-5	23	62.2
6+	3	8.1
Marital status
Single	35	94.6
Married	1	2.7
Stable union	1	2.7
Occupation in the last 12 months
Only studies	34	91.9
Paid work	3	8.1
Family income			1,791.09±1,702.65
≤ 1 minimum wage^**	17	45.9
> 1 minimum wage	20	54.1
Economic class^†
Class A	2	5.4
Class B1	0	0
Class B2	9	24.3
Class C1	8	21.6
Class C2	11	29.7
Class D-E	7	18.9

Item	Pre-test	Post-test	p-value^*
1 - Metabolic Syndrome is characterized by a set of factors that increase the chances of having heart or blood vessel problems.	36 (97.3)	36 (97.3)	1.000
2 - A person with Metabolic Syndrome can present accumulation of fat in the abdominal region.	33 (89.2)	33 (89.2)	1.000
3- Low blood sugar is one of the components identified in people with Metabolic Syndrome.	9 (24.3)	10 (27.0)	1.000
4 - High blood pressure is one of the components identified in people with Metabolic Syndrome.	31 (83.8)	35 (94.6)	0.289
5 - Accumulation of fat in the cells is one of the components identified in people with Metabolic Syndrome.	28 (75.7)	29 (78.4)	1.000
6- When high, good cholesterol (HDL) increases the risk of suffering Metabolic Syndrome.	21 (56.8)	18 (48.6)	0.629
7 - Individuals who follow an inadequate diet can present more chances of developing Metabolic Syndrome.	33 (89.2)	37 (100)	0.125
8 - A person with a family history of Metabolic Syndrome is also at risk of developing this disease.	25 (67.6)	27 (73)	0.774
9 - The risk of developing Metabolic Syndrome increases if the person leads a sedentary life, without practicing physical activity.	34 (91.9)	37 (100)	0.250
10 - Not smoking is a preventive measure for Metabolic Syndrome.	31 (83.8)	34 (91.9)	0.453
11 - Currently, the number of children and adolescents with metabolic Syndrome is ever increasing.	30 (81.1)	36 (97.3)	0.031
12 - The Metabolic Syndrome diagnosis must be made by a health professional, through the evaluation of physical and laboratory exams.	36 (97.3)	33 (89.2)	0.375
13 - Metabolic Syndrome can be prevented.	36 (97.3)	37 (100)	1.000
14 - Healthy eating, by including vegetables, legumes and fruits in the diet, prevents the development of Metabolic Syndrome; that is why they must be included in the meals.	34 (91.9)	37 (100)	0.250
15 - In the case of adolescents, the daily practice of physical activity must be periodic, at least for 60 minutes.	34 (91.9)	36 (97.3)	0.625
16 - Periodic practice of physical activity helps to prevent the development of risk factors for Metabolic Syndrome.	35 (94.6)	33 (89.2)	0.625
17 - Excessive alcohol consumption can cause physical and mental malaise, aggressive behaviors and, in the long term, many fatal diseases.	35 (94.6)	36 (97.3)	1.000

Situation	N	%	p-value^*
It was reduced	7	18.9	0.067
Indifferent	13	35.1
It increased	17	45.9
Total	37	100	-

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem Campus Universitário Trindade, 88040-970 Florianópolis - Santa Catarina - Brasil, Tel.: (55 48) 3721-4915 / (55 48) 3721-9043 - Florianópolis - SC - Brazil
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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Mariana Rodrigues da Rocha mariana_rodrigues.rr@hotmail.com