SIMULACIÓN MÓVIL: CONTRIBUCIONES CIENTÍFICAS PARA AL CAMPO DE LA SALUD

revisión sistemática exploratoria basada en los procedimientos recomendados por el Instituto Joanna Briggs. Las bases de datos de la búsqueda fueron las siguientes: PubMed, CINAHL via EBSCO, Scopus, LILACS, Repositorio Científico de Acceso Abierto de Portugal y Base de datos de Tesis de Capes. La pregunta guía fue la siguiente: ¿qué contribuciones de la simulación móvil se han identificado y evaluado en los procesos de formación de profesionales de la salud y de la comunidad? No hubo restricciones con respecto al año de publicación, y se seleccionó un total de nueve estudios.

Resultados:

el año 2011 obtuvo la mayor cantidad de publicaciones sobre la temática, la mayoría proveniente de los Estados Unidos. Quedó evidenciado que la simulación móvil contribuyó a la formación de profesionales de la salud y de residentes de la comunidad, favoreció el desarrollo de competencias clínicas de los profesionales y demostró ser una herramienta efectiva para acercar la capacitación a zonas remotas.

Conclusión:

la simulación móvil es una modalidad que contribuye al desarrollo de la práctica simulada en cuanto al método de enseñanza activa; sin embargo, sigue siendo poco explorada, y ampliar las perspectivas de su implementación se configura como un desafío.

DESCRIPTORES:
Simulación; Simulación de paciente; Capacitación por simulación; Educación en salud; Personal de salud; Participación de la comunidad

Study code	Author Title	Year of publication Place/Country	Method	Population (age and gender)	Objectives and Context	Results
A1	Tribe HC, Harris A, Kneebone R. Life on a knife edge: using simulation to engage young people in issues surrounding knife crime1616. Tribe HC, Harris A, Kneebone R. Life on a knife edge: using simulation to engage young people in issues surrounding knife crime. Adv Simul (Lond) [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2020 Apr 15];3:20. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41077-018-0079-0 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41077-018-0079-...	2018 London, United Kingdom	Qualitative	Community-dwelling adolescents (n=70). From 13 to 19 years old in the first workshop; from 14 to 19 years old in the second workshop.	To conduct a workshop to promote learning and change in behavior related to knife injuries. Educational workshop conducted in a bus.	From four to six weeks after the second workshop, the data captured through photographs and videos, observations, and notes in the field diary suggested that the workshop could promote learning and a change in the participants' behavior in the future.
A2	Martin D, Bekiaris B, Hansen G. Mobile emergency simulation training for rural health providers1313. Martin D, Bekiaris B, Hansen G. Mobile emergency simulation training for rural health providers. Rural and Remote Health [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2020 Apr 15];17:4057. Available from: https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH4057 https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH4057...	2017 Province of Manitoba, Canada.	Qualitative descriptive	131 professionals from a multidisciplinary team (nurses, resident physicians, pilots of an aerial mobile ICU, medical students, paramedics, assistant physicians).	To improve the critical care skills of rural health service providers. To provide an educational session on emergency for rural health service providers contemplating at least nine different professions.	The interviewees reported that the general quality of learning was excellent and that the simulation developed clinical reasoning and decision-making skills, as well as it allowed for self-reflection.
A3	Bischof JJ, Panchal AR, Finnegan GI, Terndrup TE. Creation and validation of a novel mobile simulation laboratory for high fidelity, prehospital, difficult airway simulation1717. Bischof JJ, Panchal AR, Finnegan GI, Terndrup TE. Creation and validation of a novel mobile simulation laboratory for high fidelity, prehospital, difficult airway simulation. Prehosp Disaster Med [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 Apr 15];31(5):465-70. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X16000534 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X1600053...	2016 Ohio, United States. Emergency Department.	Qualitative descriptive	19 specialists in airways conducted 57 simulation sessions.	To develop and validate a prehospital airway simulator in a mobile simulation laboratory. Development and validation of an airway simulator in a mobile simulation laboratory.	The mobile simulation laboratory was tested by paramedics. The success rate was 44% in the first intubation attempt. The mobile simulation laboratory created a reproducible and high-fidelity learning environment.
A4	Pena G, Altree M, Babidge W, Field J, Hewett P, Maddern, G. Mobile Simulation Unit: taking simulation to the surgical trainee1818. Pena G, Altree M, Babidge W, Field J, Hewett P, Maddern G. Mobile Simulation Unit: taking simulation to the surgical trainee. ANZ J Surg [Internet] 2015 [cited 2020 Apr 15];85(5):339-43. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/ans.12549 https://doi.org/10.1111/ans.12549...	2015 Australia (metropolitan region and two rural areas).	Qualitative descriptive	55 participants (staff physicians, resident physicians, interns, scholarship students, and graduates in Medicine).	To develop a Mobile Simulation Unit for the training of surgical skills in urban and rural areas. Training of basic surgical skills. A post-training questionnaire was filled out to know the perception about the mobile simulation environment and the relevance of the simulation activities.	The use of a mobile simulator provides education in surgery, as it is viable and practical. The simulator enables simulation training at the surgery interns' workplace, regardless of their geographic location.
A5	Xafis V, Babidge W, Field J, Altree, M, Marlow N, Maddern G. The efficacy of laparoscopic skills training in a Mobile Simulation Unit compared with a fixed site: a comparative study1010. Xafis V, Babidge W, Field J, Altree M, Marlow N, Maddern G. The efficacy of laparoscopic skills training in a Mobile Simulation Unit compared with a fixed site: a comparative study. Surg Endosc [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2020 Apr 15]; 27: 2606-12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-013-2798-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-013-2798-...	2013 Australia	Quantitative (cohort)	144 participants (medical students in their last year, resident physicians, and staff physicians).	To compare the results of laparoscopy skills training with mobile simulation versus simulation laboratories. Both cohorts were similar, which points out that the lack of randomization in the places was not detrimental.	Training in laparoscopic simulation provided by the Mobile Simulation Unit is not inferior to training in a fixed location, proving to be an effective tool in the training and continuing education of physicians in Australia.
A6	Shaikh FM, Hseino H, Hill AD, Kavanagh E, Traynor O. Mobile surgical skills education unit: a new concept in surgical training1212. Shaikh FM, Hseino H, Hill AD, Kavanagh E, Traynor O. Mobile surgical skills education unit: a new concept in surgical training. Simul Healthc [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2020 Apr 15];6(4):226-30. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1097/SIH.0b013e318215da5e https://doi.org/10.1097/SIH.0b013e318215...	2011 Dublin, Ireland.	Qualitative, experience report	Graduate students in Medicine (resident physicians).	To allow that surgical interns learn the main surgical techniques and procedures in a qualified laboratory in their own hospitals. A mobile program to teach surgical skills to the interns in the basic Surgery course.	The mobile surgical skills teaching unit offered the interns the opportunity to be trained in their own hospitals, using realistic models, in a friendly and non-stressful manner, which improved their technical skills, without compromising patient safety.
A7	Higbee D. New mobile simulation service rolls out health care training to rural areas1919. Higbee D. New Mobile Simulation service rolls out Training to rural areas. Missouri Nurse [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2020 Apr 15]. Available from: https://medicine.missouri.edu/news/new-mobile-simulation-service-rolls-out-training-rural-areas https://medicine.missouri.edu/news/new-m...	2011 Missouri, United States (including the rural area).	Qualitative (experience report)	800 participants, among health professionals and community-dwelling individuals (high-school students interested in studying Medicine).	To provide training in a mobile simulation unit to develop skills, teamwork, situation awareness, and the ability to make decisions. Training for advanced life support, pediatrics and pregnancy.	Simulation training and skills such as teamwork, situation awareness, and decision-making were improved.
A8	Weinstock PH, Kappus LJ, Garden A, Burns JP. Simulation at the point of care: reduced-cost, in situ training via a mobile cart2020. Weinstock PH, Kappus LJ, Garden A, Burns JP. Simulation at the point of care: Reduced-cost in situ training via a mobile cart. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine [Internet] 2009 [cited 2020 Apr 15];10(2):176-81. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1097/pcc.0b013e3181956c6f https://doi.org/10.1097/pcc.0b013e318195...	2009 Boston, United States.	Qualitative-descriptive study	425 professionals from the multi-professional team (physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, clinical assistants, radiologists, and technicians).	To develop a mobile simulation cart for training teams in the clinical environment. Didactic, realistic, and video courses and presentations.	The mobile cart provided simulation for hospital teams, highlighting that this was the way adopted for everyone to benefit from this educational tool. This reduced the installation cost and the space requirements for this approach.
A9	Kobayashi L, Patterson MD, Overly FL, Shapiro MD, Williams KA, Jay GD. Educational and research implications of portable human patient simulation in acute care medicine2121. Kobayashi L, Patterson MD, Overly FL, Shapiro MD, Williams KA, Jay GD. Educational and research implications of portable human patient simulation in acute care medicine. Acad Emerg Med [Internet] 2008 [cited 2020 Apr 15];15(11):1166-74. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00179.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008...	2008 San Diego, United States.	Qualitative (case report)	Medical professionals and students.	To conduct an educational workshop in trauma assistance. Improving the accessibility of the simulation through on-site training.	The use of technologies and portable mannequin techniques can further advance the simulation of teaching and medical research in acute care. Mobile simulations represent an evolution in medical educational simulation, enabling health professionals to learn and train in non-traditional environments, with better accessibility and reality.

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Cristiane Costa Reis da Silva cristianereisfb@gmail.com