LIDERAZGO COACHING DE LOS ENFERMEROS RELACIONADO CON EL AMBIENTE DE LA PRÁCTICA PROFESIONAL EN LA ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA A LA SALUD

Mattos, Julio Cesar de Oliveira; Gasparino, Renata Cristina; Cardoso, Maria Lúcia Alves Pereira; Bernardes, Andrea; Cunha, Isabel Cristina Kowal Olm; Balsanelli, Alexandre Pazetto

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Original Artigo • Texto contexto - enferm. 31 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2021-0332en copiar

LIDERAZGO COACHING DE LOS ENFERMEROS RELACIONADO CON EL AMBIENTE DE LA PRÁCTICA PROFESIONAL EN LA ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA A LA SALUD

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

correlacionar la autopercepción de los enfermeros y la percepción de los auxiliares de enfermería sobre el liderazgo coaching de los enfermeros con el ambiente de la práctica profesional, en la Atención Primaria a la Salud.

Método:

estudio transversal y correlacional con 150 profesionales de enfermería, siendo: 75 enfermeros y 75 auxiliares de enfermería de 13 Unidades Básicas de Salud, localizadas en la Zona Sur de Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil. Fueron aplicados la Practice Environment Scale (versión brasileña), el Cuestionario de Autopercepción del Enfermero en el Ejercicio del Liderazgo y el Cuestionario de Percepción de Técnicos y Auxiliares de Enfermería en el Ejercicio del Liderazgo, en el período de enero a mayo de 2019. Fueron utilizados los Análisis de Variancia Univariada y Multivariada, el Test de Correlación de Pearson (p<0,05) y el tamaño del efecto de Rosenthal.

Resultados:

entre los enfermeros, dos correlaciones significativas entre los dominios de los instrumentos fueron observadas: comunicación y fundamentos de enfermería dirigidos a la calidad del cuidado (r=0,265; p=0,022) y comunicación con relaciones colegiales entre enfermeros y médicos (r=0,263; p=0,023). En los auxiliares de enfermería, se destacan la comunicación y los fundamentos de enfermería dirigidos para la calidad del cuidado (r=0,416), el valor total del Cuestionario de Percepción de Técnicos y Auxiliares de Enfermería en el Ejercicio del Liderazgo y las relaciones colegiales entre médicos y enfermeros (r=0,409).

Conclusión:

para los enfermeros, la comunicación contribuyó para obtener una mejor percepción de la calidad del cuidado y de las buenas relaciones con los médicos. En los auxiliares, todos los dominios del liderazgo coaching colaboraron para las percepciones positivas del ambiente. El liderazgo coaching parece contribuir para que ambientes más favorables a la práctica profesional sean establecidos, en la atención primaria a la salud.

DESCRIPTORES:
Liderazgo; Enfermería; Ambiente de Instituciones de Salud; Atención Primaria de Salud; Ambiente de Trabajo

Variable	Group	Mean	SD^*	Median	Minimum	Maximum
Age (years)	Aides	37.52	7.64	37.00	19.00	57.00
Age (years)	Nurses	37.31	6.94	38.00	27.00	59.00
Time since graduation (years)	Aides	10.41	5.26	10.00	1.00	24.00
Time since graduation (years)	Nurses	11.89	6.38	11.00	3.00	34.00
Experience (years)	Aides	5.81	4.57	4.00	0.50	20.00
Experience (years)	Nurses	5.91	4.47	5.00	0.50	18.00

PES Domains	Group	Mean	SD^§	Median	Min^†	Max^‡	p^*	E.S. ^\|\|
Nursing Participation in hospital affairs^††	AG^¶	3.13	0.65	3.00	1.40	4.00	0.585	0.045^\|\|
Nursing Participation in hospital affairs^††	NG^**	3.07	0.60	3.00	1.40	4.00	0.585	0.045^\|\|
Nursing foundations for quality care^††	AG^¶	3.06	0.60	3.00	1.57	4.00	0.584	0.045^\|\|
Nursing foundations for quality care^††	NG^**	3.01	0.54	3.00	1.43	4.00	0.584	0.045^\|\|
Nursing manager leadership, ability, and support^††	AG^¶	3.07	0.68	3.20	1.00	4.00	0.311	0.083^\|\|
Nursing manager leadership, ability, and support^††	NG^**	3.19	0.70	3.40	1.00	4.00	0.311	0.083^\|\|
Adequate staffing and resources^††	AG^¶	2.71	0.79	2.75	1.00	4.00	0.095	0.137^\|\|
Adequate staffing and resources^††	NG^**	2.51	0.64	2.50	1.00	4.00	0.095	0.137^\|\|
Collegial nurse-physician relationships^††	AG^¶	3.21	0.67	3.33	1.33	4.00	0.557	0.048^\|\|
Collegial nurse-physician relationships^††	NG^**	3.27	0.61	3.33	1.33	4.00	0.557	0.048^\|\|
Total^††	AG^¶	3.04	0.57	3.04	1.50	4.00	0.755	0.026^\|\|
Total^††	NG^**	3.01	0.50	2.96	1.38	3.96	0.755	0.026^\|\|

Domains	Group	Mean	SD^§	Median	Min^†	Max^‡	p^*	E.S.^\|\|
Communication^††	AG^¶	22.00	3.87	23.00	8.00	25.00	0.563	0.048^\|\|
Communication^††	NG^**	22.28	1.57	22.00	18.00	25.00	0.563	0.048^\|\|
Give and receive feedback^††	AG^¶	21.01	3.81	22.00	9.00	25.00	0.020^*	0.190^\|\|
Give and receive feedback^††	NG^**	22.25	2.50	22.00	11.00	25.00	0.020^*	0.190^\|\|
Delegate power and exert influence ^††	AG^¶	20.61	4.07	21.00	8.00	25.00	0.015^*	0.198^\|\|
Delegate power and exert influence ^††	NG^**	21.93	2.23	22.00	14.00	25.00	0.015^*	0.198^\|\|
Support the team in reaching results^††	AG^¶	21.04	4.22	22.00	9.00	25.00	0.009^*	0.213^\|\|
Support the team in reaching results^††	NG^**	22.51	2.26	23.00	13.00	25.00	0.009^*	0.213^\|\|
Total^††	AG^¶	84.67	13.90	86.00	42.00	100.00	0.018^*	0.193^\|\|
Total^††	NG^**	88.97	6.99	90.00	67.00	99.00	0.018^*	0.193^\|\|

PES^‡		Questionnaire on Perception of Nurse Technicians and LPNs of Exercise of Leadership				Total
PES^‡		Communication	Give and receive feedback	Delegate power and exert influence	Support the team in reaching results	Total
Nursing participation in hospital affairs	Coef^*	0.375^* [0.160, 0.571]	0.347^* [0.164, 0.534]	0.219^* [-0.007, 0.459]	0.252^* [0.019, 0.481]	0.340^* [0.123, 0.543]
Nursing participation in hospital affairs	P	0.001^†	0.002^†	0.059	0.029^†	0.003^†
Nursing foundations for quality care	Coef^*	0.416^* [0.203, 0.597]	0.325^* [0.132, 0.524]	0.263^* [0.051, 0.462]	0.362^* [0.132, 0.558]	0.392^* [0.165, 0.588]
Nursing foundations for quality care	P	<0.001^†	0.004^†	0.023^†	0.001^†	<0.001^†
Nursing manager leadership, ability, and support	Coef^*	0.319^* [0.087, 0.526]	0.330^* [0.095, 0.550]	0.200^* [-0.024, 0.446]	0.119^* [-0.133, 0.388]	0.274^* [0.040, 0.500]
Nursing manager leadership, ability, and support	P	0.005^†	0.004^†	0.086	0.309	0.017^†
Adequate staffing and resources	Coef^*	0.280^* [0.043, 0.469]	0.190^* [0.014, 0.360]	0.103^* [-0.100, 0.296]	0.294^* [0.065, 0.483]	0.250^* [0.039, 0.432]
Adequate staffing and resources	P	0.015^†	0.103	0.380	0.010^†	0.031^†
Collegial nurse-physician relationships	Coef^*	0.385^* [0.134, 0.631]	0.422^* [0.247, 0.590]	0.242^* [0.020, 0.453]	0.379^* [0.150, 0.584]	0.409^* [0.193, 0.603]
Collegial nurse-physician relationships	P	0.001^†	<0.001^†	0.037^†	0.001^†	<0.001^†
Total	Coef^*	0.419^* [0.221, 0.591]	0.372^* [0.201, 0.541]	0.243^* [0.037, 0.465]	0.325^* [0.110, 0.543]	0.389^* [0.188, 0.583]
Total	P	<0.001^†	0.001^†	0.036^†	0.004^†	0.001^†

PES^‡		Questionnaire on Self-Perception of Nurses of Exercise of Leadership				Total
PES^‡		Communication	Give and receive feedback	Delegate power and exert influence	Support the team in reaching results	Total
Nursing participation in hospital affairs	Coef^*	0.099^* [-0.147, 0.351]	^*0.033 [-0.184, 0.234]	0.110^* [-0.090, 0.323]	0.020^* [-0.199, 0.262]	0.076^* [-0.146, 0.305]
Nursing participation in hospital affairs	P	0.398	0.778	0.346	0.868	0.519
Nursing foundations for quality care	Coef^*	0.265^* [0.053, 0.474]	0.001^* [-0.162, 0.159]	0.084^* [-0.116, 0.302]	0.139^* [-0.049, 0.330]	0.132^* [-0.049, 0.325]
Nursing foundations for quality care	P	0.022^†	0.992	0.472	0.233	0.259
Nursing manager leadership, ability, and support	Coef^*	0.210^* [0.018, 0.388]	0.110^* [-0.092, 0.321]	0.116^* [-0.097, 0.324]	0.021^* [-0.160, 0.245]	0.131^* [-0.056, 0.314]
Nursing manager leadership, ability, and support	P	0.070	0.346	0.322	0.855	0.264
Adequate staffing and resources	Coef^*	-0.014^* [-0.245, 0.213]	-0.036^* [-0.225, 0.156]	0.064^* [-0.137, 0.248]	0.130^* [-0.126, 0.360]	0.047^* [-0.174, 0.273]
Adequate staffing and resources	P	0.907	0.761	0.583	0.265	0.691
Collegial nurse-physician relationships	Coef^*	0.263^* [0.082, 0.450]	0.129^* [-0.080, 0.328]	0.179^* [-0.057, 0.424]	0.036^* [-0.161, 0.291]	0.174^* [-0.038, 0.396]
Collegial nurse-physician relationships	P	0.023^†	0.272	0.125	0.760	0.136
Total	Coef^*	0.208^*	0.053^* [-0.134, 0.238]	0.130^* [-0.093, 0.350]	0.088^* [-0.113, 0.289]	0.136^* [-0.073, 0.342]
Total	P	0.074	0.651	0.268	0.450	0.246

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem Campus Universitário Trindade, 88040-970 Florianópolis - Santa Catarina - Brasil, Tel.: (55 48) 3721-4915 / (55 48) 3721-9043 - Florianópolis - SC - Brazil
E-mail: textoecontexto@contato.ufsc.br

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Julio Cesar de Oliveira Mattos jumattos0702@gmail.com