ADOLESCENTS ATTENDING PUBLIC SCHOOLS: DRUG USE, SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION

Borges, Lídia Christina Vasconcelos; Almeida, Camila Souza de; Rodrigues, Samuel Barroso; Duarte, Sebastião Júnior Henrique; Cavalcante, Ricardo Bezerra; Machado, Richardson Miranda

doi:10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0164en

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Original Article • Texto contexto - enferm. 31 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0164en copy

ADOLESCENTS ATTENDING PUBLIC SCHOOLS: DRUG USE, SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION

ADOLESCENTES DE ESCUELAS PÚBLICAS: CONSUMO DE DROGAS, DETERMINANTES SOCIALES DE LA SALUD Y DISTRIBUCIÓN ESPACIAL

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to evaluate drug use among adolescents attending public schools and its association with the social determinants of health and spatial distribution.

Methods:

a cross-sectional study carried out between 2020 and 2021 in which the Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI) and sociodemographic questionnaires were applied to 226 students attending 9^th year of Fundamental Education in public schools from a city of Minas Gerais. A descriptive analysis was performed by means of Fisher's Exact Test.

Results:

regarding alcohol consumption, only the “age” variable was significant. As for tobacco, the “age”, “parents' marital status” and “who do you live with?” variables presented a significant association. The other psychoactive substances did not present significant associations. In relation to the spatial distribution, the highest intensity of problems was concentrated in leisure/recreational activities.

Conclusion:

alcohol and tobacco use is associated with the social determinants referring to the social network and personal factors, such as age.

DESCRIPTORS:
Adolescent; Alcohol and other drugs; Spatial distribution of the population; Social determinants of health; Cross-sectional studies

Variable	Total		Alcohol		Tobacco		Medications		Other drugs
Variable	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Age
14 years old	95	40.7	21	22.1	1	1.1	23	24.2	7	7.4
15 years old	110	48.7	40	36.4	8	7.3	29	26.4	12	10.9
16 years old	16	7.1	10	62.5	4	25	6	37.5	1	6.2
17 years old	4	1.8	1	25	-	-	2	50	-	-
18 years old	1	0.4	1	100	-	-	-	-	1	100
Gender
Female	109	48.2	41	37.6	8	7.3	35	32.1	8	7.3
Male	117	51.8	32	27.6	5	4.3	25	21.4	13	11.1
Skin color/Race†
Asian	5	2.2	-	-	0	0	2	40	0	0
White	89	39.4	28	31.5	3	3.4	23	25.8	6	6.7
Indigenous	2	0.9	0	0	1	50	1	50	0	0
Brown	94	41.6	32	34.1	5	5.3	23	24.5	10	10.6
Black	34	15	11	32.4	2	5.9	9	26.5	3	8.8
Parents' marital status
They live together	138	61.1	41	29.7	3	2.2	31	22.5	11	7.9
They do not live together	80	35.4	28	35	9	11.2	27	33.7	9	11.2
Widowed	8	3.5	4	50	1	12.5	2	25	1	12.5
Who do you live with?
Mother	63	27.9	22	34.9	6	9.5	17	27	6	9.5
Father	17	7.5	8	47.1	0	0	8	47	1	5.9
Parents	136	60.2	38	27.9	3	2.2	32	23.5	11	8
Grandparents	4	1.8	2	50	1	25	1	25	1	25
Others	6	2.7	3	50	3	50	2	33.3	2	33.3
Family income‡
Less than 1 minimum wage	15	6.6	5	33.3	2	13.3	3	20	2	13.3
1-2 minimum wages	152	67.3	45	29.6	6	3.9	39	25.7	10	6.6
2-3 minimum wages	29	12.8	11	37.9	2	6.9	9	31	3	10.3
3-4 minimum wages	16	7.1	4	25	1	6.2	4	25	1	6.2
4-5 minimum wages	5	2.2	2	40	0	0	0	0	1	20
More than 5 minimum wages	6	2.7	4	66.7	1	16.7	3	50	2	33.3
Location of the house§
Outskirts	109	48.2	34	31.1	6	5.5	34	31.2	10	9.2
Central region	26	11.5	6	23.1	2	7.7	5	19.2	3	11.5
Expanded city center	27	11.9	11	40.7	0	0	6	22.2	3	11.1
Rural area	25	11.1	9	36	1	4	7	28	3	12
Condo	4	1.8	3	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Others	29	12.8	9	31	3	10.3	7	24.1	1	3.4

Variable	N	%	Alcohol	Tobacco	Medications	Other drugs
Age			p-value: 0.004	p-value: 0.007	p-value: 0.5478	p-value: 0.179
14 years old	95	40.7	1	1	1	1
15 years old	110	48.7	1.98 [1.03; 3.91]	7.32 [0.95; 330.04]	1.12 [0.57; 2.23]	1.54 [0.53; 4.82]
16 years old	16	7.1	5.68 [1.65; 21.42]	29.55 [2.65; 1541.78]	1.87 [0.5; 6.43]	0.84 [0.02; 7.35]
17 years old	4	1.8	1.15 [0.02; 15.29]	0 [0; 913.05]	3.09 [0.21; 44.81]	0 [0; 22.42]
18 years old	1	0.4	∞ [0.09; ∞]	0 [0; 3,502.30]	0 [0; 123.55]	∞ [0.28; ∞]
Gender			p-value: 0.1434	p-value: 0.4819	p-value: 0.0936	p-value: 0.4553
Female	109	48.2	1	1	1	1
Male	117	51.8	0.63 [0.35; 1.15]	0.57 [0.14; 2.03]	0.58 [0.30; 1.09]	1.57 [0.58; 4.58]
Skin color/Race†			p-value: 0.6084	p-value: 0.1837	p-value: 0.7679	p-value: 0.8135
Asian	5	2.2	1	1	1	1
White	89	39.4	∞ [0.39; ∞]	∞ [0.02; ∞]	0.53 [0.06; 6.68]	∞ [0.05; ∞]
Indigenous	2	0.9	0 [0, ∞]	∞ [0.06; ∞]	1.41 [0.01; 156.23]	0 [0, ∞]
Brown	94	41.6	∞ [0.45; ∞]	∞ [0.04; ∞]	0.49 [0.05; 6.20]	∞ [0.1; ∞]
Black	34	15	∞ [0.37; ∞]	∞ [0.03; ∞]	0.55 [0.53; 7.58]	∞ [0.05; ∞]
Parents' marital status			p-value: 0.2563	p-value: 0.01	p-value: 0.1796	p-value: 0.4982
They live together	138	61.1	1	1	1	1
They do not live together	80	35.4	1.27 [0.68; 2.38]	5.66 [1.36; 33.53]	1.75 [0.91; 3.39]	1.46 [0.51; 4.09]
Widowed	8	3.5	3.13 [0.50; 22.3]	6.26 [0.11; 90.83]	1.15 [0.11; 6.85]	1.64 [0.34; 14.89]
Who do you live with?			p-value: 0.1871	p-value: 0.0003	p-value: 0.2941	p-value: 0.1676
Mother	63	27.9	1	1	1	1
Father	17	7.5	1.65 [0.48; 5.6]	0 [0; 3.17]	2.38 [0.68; 8.29]	1.67 [0.18; 82.22]
Parents	136	60.2	0.72 [0.37; 1.45]	0.22 [0.03; 1.05]	0.83 [0.4; 1.77]	1.2 [0.35; 3.74]
Grandparents	4	1.8	3.65 [0.18; 224.8]	3.09 [0.05; 46.4]	0.9 [0.02; 12.16]	0.32 [0.02; 19.31]
Others	6	2.7	1.84 [0.23; 14.97]	8.96 [0.98; 83.59]	1.35 [0.11; 10.42]	0.22 [0.02; 2.88]
Family income‡			p-value: 0.4527	p-value: 0.2251	p-value: 0.5699	p-value: 0.1261
Less than 1 minimum wage	15	6.6	1	1	1	1
1-2 minimum wages	152	67.3	0.85 [0.25; 3.35]	0.18 [0.15; 0.32]	1.38 [0.35; 8]	0.46 [0.08; 4.76]
2-3 minimum wages	29	12.8	1.22 [0.28; 5.8]	0.53 [0.6; 0.88]	1.78 [0.35; 12.22]	0.76 [0.08; 10.09]
3-4 minimum wages	16	7.1	0.68 [0.1; 4.13]	0.58 [0.6; 0.95]	1.32 [0.18; 11.04]	0.44 [0.01; 9.48]
4-5 minimum wages	5	2.2	1.31 [0.08; 16.01]	0.55 [1; 1]	0 [0; 7.75]	1.58 [0.02; 38.86]
More than 5 minimum wages	6	2.7	3.72 [0.38; 55]	0.84 [1; 1]	3.7 [0.33; 46.7]	3.04 [0.17; 55.71]
Location of the house§			p-value: 0.3932	p-value: 0.3932	p-value: 0.7077	p-value: 0.8294
Outskirts	109	48.2	1	1	1	1
Central region	26	11.5	0.65 [0.2; 1.89]	1.43 [0.13; 8.64]	0.53 [0.14; 1.60]	1.29 [0.21; 5.56]
Expanded city center	27	11.9	1.49 [0.56; 3.86]	0 [0; 3.45]	0.63 [0.19; 1.81]	1.24 [0.2; 5.31]
Rural area	25	11.1	1.22 [0.43; 3.3]	0.72 [0.01; 6.35]	0.86 [0.28; 2.41]	1.35 [0.22; 5.84]
Condo	4	1.8	6.41 [0.49; 346.56]	0 [0; 31.35]	0 [0; 3.52]	0 [0; 16.83]
Others	29	12.8	0.98 [0.35; 2.54]	1.97 [0.3; 9.98]	0.7 [0.23; 1.92]	0.36 [0.01; 2.7]

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem Campus Universitário Trindade, 88040-970 Florianópolis - Santa Catarina - Brasil, Tel.: (55 48) 3721-4915 / (55 48) 3721-9043 - Florianópolis - SC - Brazil
E-mail: textoecontexto@contato.ufsc.br

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Lídia Christina Vasconcelos Borges lidiacvb@gmail.com