Children’s and parents’ perceptions concerning surgical attire: a systematic review

Study design: Oliveira LB, Massignan C, Bolan M, De Luca Canto G. Data collection: Oliveira LB, Massignan C, Rêgo IC. Data analysis: Oliveira LB, Massignan C, Bolan M, De Luca Canto G. Manuscript writing: Oliveira LB, Massignan C, Rêgo IC, Bolan M, De Luca Canto G, Pires MM, Dick B. Manuscript revision: Oliveira LB, Massignan C, Rêgo ICQ, Bolan M, De Luca Canto G, Pires MM, Dick B. Study supervision: De Luca Canto G.

Author(s), year, country, setting	Study sample (n), sex, and age (years old)	Objectives	Overall Results Favors white coat (+) Does not favor white coat (-)
a) Alnasser et al.,⁵5. Alnasser Y, AlSaeed H, Al-Beeshi NZ, Al-Sarraj H, Alotaibi H, Algahmdi R, et al. Perception of pediatric physician’ attire by children and parents within general pediatrics practice in Saudi Arabia. J Health Educc Res Dev. 2016;4:199. https://doi.org/10.4172/2380-5439.1000199 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4172/... 2016, Saudi Arábia, University	Parents and children Parents 99; females 91, <20 >40 y.o. Children 33, 11 females, 22 males, 6-12 y.o.	To assess perceptions of Saudi children and parents toward physicians’ attire within inpatient general pediatrics settings.	Parents (+) Children (-)
b) Aldrees et al.,⁶6. Aldrees T, Alsuhaibani R, Alqaryan S, Alzahrani H, Alharethy S, Alghunaim A, et al. Physicians’ attire. Parents preferences in a tertiary hospital. Saudi Med J. 2017;38:435-9. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2017.4.15853 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15537... 2017, Saudi Arabia, Hospital	Parents only 259; all females, 32 y.o. or younger	To assess Saudi mother’s preferences regarding Saudi children’s physicians’ attire, and its influence on parents’ level of trust and confidence.	Parents (+)
c) Raichur et al.,³¹31. Raichur DV, Deshpande RV, Chandragouda DK, Savitha D. Attire and appearance of pediatrician: parents’/guardians’ opinion. Indian J Pediatr. 2001;68:413-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02723016 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... 2001, India, Hospital	Parents only 210; sex and age not informed.	To assess parents’ opinions regarding attire and appearance of pediatricians.	Parents (+)
d) Solanki et al.,³²32. Solanki JJ, Parikh YN, Kalathia MB, Vaghela V. Effect of attire and appearance of a paediatrician on parents. Int J Med Health Res. 2015;1:89-92. 2015, India, Hospital	Parents only 400; sex and age - not informed.	To study the ideas of parents about dressing and attire of the pediatrician.	Parents (+)

Author(s), year, country, setting	Study sample (n), sex, and age (years old)	Objectives	Overall Results Favors white coat (+) Does not favor white coat (-)
e) Longmuir et al.,²⁴24. Longmuir S, Gilbertson A, Pfeifer W, Olson RJ. Pediatric ophthalmology attire: should we wear a white coat? Insight. 2010;35:11-3. 2010, United States, Clinic	Parents and children Total 227, sex and age - not informed	To determine if patients and their families have a preference regarding physician and staff attire.	Parents (-) Children (-)
f) Marino et al.,²⁵25. Marino RV, Rosenfeld W, Narula P, Karakurum M. Impact of pediatricians’ attire on children and parents. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1991;12:98-101. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004703-199104000-00005 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/... 1991, United States, Hospital	Parents and children Parents 50; 84% female; 25-35 y.o. Children 50; 58% female; 5-8 y.o.	To evaluate perceptions of a pediatrician’s attire.	Parents (+) Children (-)
g) Matsui et al.,²⁷27. Matsui D, Cho M, Rieder MJ. Physician’ attire as perceived by young children and their parents: the myth of the white coat syndrome. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1998;14:198-201. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006565-199806000-00006 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/... 1998, United States, Hospital	Parents and children Parents 100; 82.3% female; 24-46 y.o. Children 100; sex not - not informed; 4-8 y.o.	To determine if young children have a preference regarding whether physicians do or do not wear a white coat.	Parents (+) Children (+)
h) McCarthy et al.,²⁸28. McCarthy JJ, McCarthy MC, Eilert RE. Children’s and parents’ visual perception of physicians. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1999;38:145-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/000992289903800304 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/... 1999, United States, Hospital	Parents and children Parents 50 sex and age not informed. Children 50; 25 female; 5-15 y.o.	To evaluate the child’s and parents’ visual perception of physicians.	Parents (-) Children (+)
i) Muran and Gold,²⁹29. Muram D, Gold JJ. Physician dress style and the examination of young children. Adolesc Pediatr Gynecol. 1990;3:158-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0932-8610(12)80064-8 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... 1990, United States, Clinics	Parents and children Parents 284; sex and age - not informed. Children 159 sex - not informed; 1-18 y.o.	To evaluate patients’ and parents’ expectations regarding physician attire.	Parents (+) Children (+)
j) Gonzalez Del Rey and Paul 1995,²²22. Gonzalez Del Rey JA, Paul RI. Preferences of parents for pediatric emergency physicians’s attire. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1995;11:361-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006565-199512000-00007 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/... United States, Hospital	Parents only 360; 252 females, 68% between 19 and 40 y.o.	To determine parent preference for pediatric emergency physicians’ attire and to investigate if variables, including severity of illness, sex, race, age, insurance status, time, and type of emergency department visit influence preferences.	Parents (+)
k) Nibhanipudi et al.,³⁰30. Nibhanipudi KV, Mason B, Pandey A, Henriquez R, Hassen GW. A study regarding Spanish-speaking parent’s preference of physician attire in the pediatric emergency room. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2013;52:593-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922813483001 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/... 2013, United States, not informed	Parents only 450; sex and age - not informed.	To determine Spanish-speaking parents’ acceptance of the physician’s attire in the pediatric emergency department.	Parents (-)

Author(s), year, country, setting	Study sample (n), sex, and age (years old)	Objectives	Overall Results Favors white coat (+) Does not favor white coat (-)
l) Truong et al.,¹¹11. Truong J, Jain S, Tan J, Keegan D, Matsui D, Rieder MJ. Young children’s perceptions of physicians wearing standard precautions versus customary attire. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2006;22:13-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.pec.0000195768.29480.d1 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/... 2006, Canada, Tertiary care center	Parents and children Parents 174; 72.4% female; 18-60 y.o. Children 197, sex not reported; 4-8 y.o.	To determine if young children have a preference regarding whether physicians wear standard precautions attire.	Parents (+) Children (+)
m) Taylor,³³33. Taylor PG. Does dress influence how parents first perceive house staff competence? Am J Dis Child. 1987;141:426-8. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1987.04460040084021 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1001/... 1987, Canada, Hospital	Parents only 40; female 72%; 17-51 y.o.	To test the hypothesis that parents have preference regarding physician’s attire	Parents (+)

Author(s), year, country, setting	Study sample (n), sex, and age (years old)	Objectives	Overall Results Favors white coat (+) Does not favor white coat (-)
n) Hofmann et al,.²³23. Hofmann J, Zotter H, Kerbl R. How to dress as a paediatrician? Acta Paediatr. 2012;101:1260-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.12020 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... 2012, Austria, Hospital	Parents and children Parents 72; sex and age not reported Children 55; 6-18 y.o. Children 40; 0-6 y.o.	To find out whether the different attire of a pediatrician have an influence on the children’s and parents’ opinion about the doctor.	Parents (-) Children (-)
o) Maruani et al.,²⁶26. Maruani A, Léger J, Giraudeau B, Naouri M, Le Bidre E, Samimi M, et al. Effect of physician dress style on patient confidence. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27:e333-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04665.x https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/... 2013, France, Hospital	Parents and children Hospital: Parents, 50; 46 female; 39.0±5.8 Children 50; 20 female, 7-11 y.o. Teenagers 50; 29 female; 11-17 y.o. Private-practice: Parents, 24; 20 female; 39.0±6.2 Children 27; 16 female, 7-11 y.o. Teenagers 30; 15 female; 11-17 y.o.	To determine whether dressing style (professional white coat or formal, semiformal, or casual attire) affects patients’ confidence (children, teenagers, adults) in the physician with dermatology complaints consulting in the hospital or private practice.	Parents (+) Children (+)

[1] *Corresponding author. E-mail: E-mail: lubutini@uol.com.br (L. B. Oliveira).

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Children’s and parents’ perceptions concerning surgical attire: a systematic review

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Data source:

Data synthesis:

Conclusions: