Psychopathological symptoms and work status of Southeastern Brazilian nursing in the context of COVID-19

Alves, Jheynny Sousa; Gonçalves, Angelica Martins de Souza; Bittencourt, Marina Nolli; Alves, Verônica de Medeiros; Mendes, Darcio Tadeu; Nóbrega, Maria do Perpétuo Socorro de Sousa

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Brasil

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem

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Original Article • Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem 30 • Jan-Dec 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.5768.3518 copy

Psychopathological symptoms and work status of Southeastern Brazilian nursing in the context of COVID-19

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

to evaluate the relationship between psychopathological symptoms and the work situation of nursing professionals in the Southeast Region, Brazil, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method

an observational and cross-sectional study with virtual and snowball data collection from April to July 2020. A questionnaire containing socio-demographic and labor data and the psychopathological symptoms assessment scale (psychoticism, obsessiveness/compulsivity, somatization, and anxiety) were applied. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.

Results

among the 532 participants, there was a relationship between weekly workload and psychoticism. All domains of the scale were associated with embarrassment and/or violence in the course of work and receiving psychological/emotional support from the institution where the individual works/studies.

Conclusion

the age group, heavy workload, experienced violence and lack of psychological support during the pandemic were associated with increased psychopathological symptoms among nursing professionals. It is suggested the creation of institutional guidelines aimed at the reception and follow-up of these demands.

Descriptors:
Nurse Practitioners; COVID-19; Mental Health; Psychopathology; Mental Disorders; Pandemics

Age group (years)	N(%)
20-39	342(64.3)
40-59	171(32.1)
≥60	19(3.6)
Sex
Male	58(10.9)
Female	474(89.1)
Current marital status
With partner	280 (52.6)
Without partner	252(47.4)
Race
White	338(63.5)
Black	53(10.0)
Yellow	13(2.4)
Brown	126(23.7)
Indigenous	1(0.2)
None of the above	1(0.2)
Nationality
Brazilian	526(98.9)
Foreigner	6(1.1)
Origin (States)
São Paulo	450(84.6)
Minas Gerais	41(7.7)
Rio de Janeiro	37(7.0)
Espirito Santo	4(0.8)
*Income (MW^)**
Less than one	17(3.2)
1 to 3	197(37.0)
4 to 6	193(36.3)
7 to 9	84(15.8)
Above 10	41(7.7)
You have pre-existing disease(s)
Yes	166(31.2)
No	366(68.8)
If yes, are you treated for this (these) pre-existing disease(s)^†
Yes	146(88.0)
No	20(12.0)
Did you have any kind of psychological support BEFORE the pandemic COVID19
Yes	148(27.8)
No	384(72.2)
Had any kind of psychiatric treatment BEFORE the pandemic COVID19
Yes	139(26.1)
No	393(73.9)
Did you use any psychiatric medication without a doctor’s prescription BEFORE the pandemic COVID19
Yes	69(13.0)
No	463(87.0)
Primary responsibility to the family
Main caregiver	130(24.4)
Indirect caregiver	92(17.3)
Financial rovider	173(32.5)
Not aplicable	137(25.8)
Family member, friend, neighbor, work/study colleague (post-graduate cases) infected by the COVID-19 virus
Yes	385(72.4)
No	122(22.9)
Do not know	25(4.7)
Death of family member, friend, neighbor, work/study colleague due to COVID-19
Yes	137(25.8)
No	376(70.7)
Do not know	19(3.6)

Work situation	N (%)
Salaried employee with a signed contract	270(50.8)
Salaried employee without a signed contract	36(6.8)
Public Servant	153(28.8)
Others	73(13.6)
Workload (hours/week)
20	20(3.8)
36	125(23.5)
40	181(34.0)
44	51(9.6)
More than 44	98(18.4)
Leave of absence or vacation	57(10.7)
At that time, I was working in direct assistance
Yes	338(63.5)
No, dismissed for suspected coronavirus infection	16(3.0)
No, I am off work due to a diagnosis of COVID-19	12(2.3)
No, I am on medical leave for other health reasons	9(1.7)
No, I am on vacation/leave of absence after returning from an international trip	20(3.8)
I do not work in direct assistance	137(25.7)

	Psychoticism		Obsessiveness/compulsivity
	Mean±Sd	P-value	Mean±Sd	P-value
Age group (years)		<0.001*		0.016*
20-39	1.69±0.47		1.72±0.48
40-59	1.57±0.49		1.65±0.51
≥60	1.39±0.47		1.46±0.49
Sex		0.039†		0.037†
Male	1.54±0.52		1.57±0.52
Female	1.66±0.48		1.70±0.49
Workload (hours/week)		0.035*		0.155*
20	1.57±0.39		1.57±0.35
36	1.69±0.46		1.73±0.51
40	1.61±0.49		1.63±0.47
44	1.52±0.47		1.67±0.48
Mais de 44	1.73±0.47		1.77±0.49
Constraints and/or violence		<0.001*		<0.001*
Yes	1.84±0.46		1.88±0.51
No	1.59±0.48		1.63±0.47
Support/backup		0.003^†		0.00†
Yes	1.54±0.45		1.58±0.49
No	1.68±0.49		1.72±0.49

	Somatization		Anxiety
	Mean±Sd	P-value	Mean±Sd	P-value
Age group (years)		<0.001*		0.030*
20-39	1.73±0.53		1.46±0.46
40-59	1.62±0.53		1.41±0.47
≥60	1.35±0.48		1.28±0.48
Sex		0.064†		0.232†
Male	1.59±0.59		1.41±0.53
Female	1.69±0.52		1.44±0.46
Workload (hours/week)		0.229*		0.180*
20	1.55±0.43		1.31±0.33
36	1.73±0.53		1.45±0.45
40	1.65±0.53		1.39±0.44
44	1.62±0.51		1.45±0.48
More than 44	1.75±0.54		1.53±0.51
Constraints and/or violence		<0.001*		0.002*
Sim	1.84±0.51		1.56±0.51
No	1.63±0.52		1.40±0.44
Workload (weekly hours)		0.229*		0.180*
20	1.55±0.43		1.31±0.33
Support/backup		0.006†		0.004†
Yes	1.59±0.53		1.36±0.45
No	1.72±0.53		1.46±0.47

Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 (16) 3315-3451 / 3315-4407 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rlae@eerp.usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Maria do Perpétuo Socorro de Sousa Nóbrega. E-mail: perpetua.nobrega@usp.br