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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 32 (1) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S2237-96222023000100034 copiar

Cobertura del Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional (SISVAN), estado nutricional de los ancianos y su relación con las desigualdades sociales en Brasil, 2008-2019: un estudio de serie temporal ecológica

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen

Objetivo:

analizar la tendencia temporal de cobertura del Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional (SISVAN), y el estado nutricional de adultos mayores, correlacionándolos con indicadores de desigualdad social, en el período 2008-2019.

Métodos:

estudio ecológico mediante registros del SISVAN sobre la población ≥60 años. Se realizaron análisis de correlación entre indicadores de desigualdad social y la tasa de incremento del estado nutricional y análisis de desigualdades absolutas y relativas para obtener el índice de desigualdad angular y el índice de concentración.

Resultados:

se identificaron 11.587.933 registros. La cobertura nacional evolucionó del 0,1% en 2008 al 2,9% en 2019, con una tendencia ascendente estadísticamente significativa. Se encontró una correlación inversa moderada con la tasa de incremento anual de sobrepeso para IDH y PIB per cápita.

Conclusión:

hubo una tendencia de crecimiento en la cobertura del SISVAN. El aumento del sobrepeso se asoció con la desigualdad social.

Palabras-clave:
vigilancia Nutricional; Salud del Anciano; Sobrepeso; Cobertura de Servicios Públicos de Salud; Factores Socioeconómicos

Brazil and macro-regions	Annual coverage of nutritional status (%)												Annual change (%)^a	95%CI^b	p-value	Trend
Brazil and macro-regions	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	Annual change (%)^a	95%CI^b	p-value	Trend
BRAZIL	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.5	1.5	2.0	2.3	2.6	2.9	38.4	28.0;49.7	< 0.001	Rising
North	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4	1.6	2.1	2.1	2.3	2.5	44.4	27.9;63.0	< 0.001	Rising
Northeast	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3	1.5	1.8	1.7	1.9	2.2	45.2	26.2;66.9	< 0.001	Rising
South	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	1.7	2.6	3.3	3.9	5.5	40.8	22.9;61.9	< 0.001	Rising
Midwest	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	1.0	1.4	1.6	2.0	2.1	32.2	21.3;44.3	< 0.001	Rising
Southeast	0.1	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.7	1.6	1.9	2.5	2.9	3.1	33.8	27.7;40.1	< 0.001	Rising

Brazil and macro-regions	Annual prevalence of overweight (%)												Annual change (%)^a	95%CI^b	p-value	Trend
Brazil and macro-regions	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	Annual change (%)^a	95%CI^b	p-value	Trend
BRAZIL	43.1	41.9	43.9	45.0	46.2	45.1	45.2	48.7	48.9	49.7	50.9	51.4	1.8	1.5;2.2	< 0.001	Rising
North	36.9	36.8	39.3	39.6	39.9	42.2	42.6	47.7	47.3	48.0	49.2	49.5	3.1	2.6;3.6	< 0.001	Rising
Northeast	38.9	36.6	40.1	40.3	41.3	38.7	42.5	44.1	44.1	45.0	46.6	46.3	2.1	1.6;2.5	< 0.001	Rising
South	50.5	49.8	50.6	54.2	55.1	56.2	56.2	57.6	55.7	57.1	58.5	58.6	1.5	0.8;2.1	< 0.001	Rising
Midwest	40.9	43.0	43.1	45.1	47.4	46.5	48.3	52.8	52.1	51.3	52.2	52.9	2.4	1.8;3.1	< 0.001	Rising
Southeast	42.1	40.5	43.0	44.1	45.4	44.0	44.4	48.3	49.0	48.7	49.7	50.5	1.9	1.5;2.4	< 0.001	Rising

Brazil and macro-regions	Annual prevalence of underweight (%)												Annual change (%)^a	95%CI^b	p-value	Trend
Brazil and macro-regions	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	Annual change (%)^a	95%CI^b	p-value	Trend
BRAZIL	18.1	18.8	17.3	16.5	15.7	16.6	16.6	13.9	13.6	13.2	12.5	12.2	-3.8	-4.7;-3.0	< 0.001	Decreasing
North	20.1	20.3	18.5	18.8	19.0	17.2	17.5	13.8	14.0	13.4	12.7	12.5	-4.8	-5.9;-3.8	< 0.001	Decreasing
Northeast	20.4	21.6	19.5	18.6	17.7	19.8	17.6	15.6	15.4	14.8	13.9	13.9	-4.0	-4.8;-3.1	< 0.001	Decreasing
South	13.1	13.7	12.6	10.9	10.6	10.6	11.3	9.6	10.5	9.7	8.9	8.9	-3.6	-4.5;-2.6	< 0.001	Decreasing
Midwest	19.2	17.4	17.4	15.6	14.7	15.5	15.2	13.0	12.8	12.8	12.2	11.6	-4.2	-4.8;-3.5	< 0.001	Decreasing
Southeast	19.6	20.0	18.2	17.4	16.4	17.4	17.0	14.4	14.0	14.1	13.5	13.0	-3.9	-4.6;3.1	< 0.001	Decreasing

Brazil and macro-regions	Temporal trend of the prevalence of normal weight (%)												Annual change (%)^a	95%CI^b	p-value	Trend
Brazil and macro-regions	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	Annual change (%)^a	95%CI^b	p-value	Trend
BRAZIL	38.7	39.4	38.8	38.6	38.1	38.3	38.3	37.5	37.5	37.1	36.6	36.4	-0.7	-0.8;-0.5	< 0.001	Decreasing
North	43.0	42.9	42.2	41.6	41.2	40.5	39.9	38.5	38.7	38.5	38.1	38.1	-1.2	-1.5;-1.0	< 0.001	Decreasing
Northeast	40.7	41.8	40.4	41.1	41.0	41.5	40.0	40.3	40.5	40.2	39.6	39.8	-0.4	-0.5;-0.2	0.001	Decreasing
South	36.4	36.5	36.8	35.0	34.3	33.2	32.5	32.8	33.8	33.2	32.6	32.5	-1.1	-1.8;-0.5	0.004	Decreasing
Midwest	39.9	39.7	39.5	39.3	37.9	38.0	36.5	34.3	35.1	35.9	35.6	35.5	-1.2	-1.9;-0.6	0.002	Decreasing
Southeast	38.3	39.5	38.8	38.5	38.2	38.6	38.6	37.3	37.0	37.2	36.8	36.5	-0.6	-0.8;-0.4	< 0.001	Decreasing

Indicators of social inequality	SII: slope index of inequality^a
Indicators of social inequality	Underweight	Normal weight	Overweight
Human Development Index (HDI)	26.77 (0.003)	3.80 (0.372)	-17.48 (0.002)
Gini index	15.98 (0.108)	7.44 (0.090)	-6.36 (0.327)
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita	0.0001 (<0.001)	0.000 (0.448)	-0.0001 (0.007)
Low individual monthly income (proportion of poor people)	-0.07 (0.075)	-0.001 (0.930)	0.05 (0.058)
Low household income (proportion of poor households)	-0.09 (0.066)	0.001 (0.981)	0.06 (0.056)
	CIX: concentration index^a
	Underweight	Normal weight	Overweight
Human Development Index (HDI)	-0.15 (0.018)	-0.05 (0.672)	-0.19 (0.007)
Gini index	-0.08 (0.184)	-0.14 (0.242)	-0.06 (0.394)
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita	-0.14 (0.024)	0.02 (0.871)	-0.15 (0.040)
Low individual monthly income (proportion of poor people)	0.11 (0.098)	0.05 (0.676)	0.13 (0.070)
Low household income (proportion of poor households)	0.12 (0.083)	0.05 (0.670)	0.13 (0.068)

Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente - Ministério da Saúde do Brasil SRTVN Quadra 701, Via W5 Norte, Lote D, Edifício P0700, CEP: 70719-040, +55 61 3315-3464, Fax: +55 61 3315-3464 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: ress.svs@gmail.com

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