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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 32 (1) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S2237-96222023000100034 copy

Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) coverage, nutritional status of older adults and its relationship with social inequalities in Brazil, 2008-2019: an ecological time-series study

Cobertura del Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional (SISVAN), estado nutricional de los ancianos y su relación con las desigualdades sociales en Brasil, 2008-2019: un estudio de serie temporal ecológica

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

to analyze the temporal trend of Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional - SISVAN) coverage and the nutritional status of older adults, and its correlation with indicators of social inequality in Brazil between 2008-2019.

Methods:

this was an ecological study using records from SISVAN, related to the population aged 60 years and older; the temporal trend of coverage and the correlation between indicators of social inequality and increment rate of nutritional status were analyzed; slope index of inequality and concentration index were used to measure absolute and relative inequalities.

Results:

11,587,933 records were identified; national coverage increased from 0.1% (2008) to 2.9% (2019), with a statistically significant upward trend; a moderate inverse correlation with an annual increment rate of overweight between human development index and gross domestic product per capita, was found.

Conclusion:

there was an increasing trend in SISVAN coverage; the increase in overweight was associated with social inequality.

Keywords:
Food and Nutrition Surveillance; Older Adult Health; Overweight; Public Health Service Coverage; Social Inequality

Brazil and macro-regions	Annual coverage of nutritional status (%)												Annual change (%)^a	95%CI^b	p-value	Trend
Brazil and macro-regions	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	Annual change (%)^a	95%CI^b	p-value	Trend
BRAZIL	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.5	1.5	2.0	2.3	2.6	2.9	38.4	28.0;49.7	< 0.001	Rising
North	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4	1.6	2.1	2.1	2.3	2.5	44.4	27.9;63.0	< 0.001	Rising
Northeast	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3	1.5	1.8	1.7	1.9	2.2	45.2	26.2;66.9	< 0.001	Rising
South	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	1.7	2.6	3.3	3.9	5.5	40.8	22.9;61.9	< 0.001	Rising
Midwest	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	1.0	1.4	1.6	2.0	2.1	32.2	21.3;44.3	< 0.001	Rising
Southeast	0.1	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.7	1.6	1.9	2.5	2.9	3.1	33.8	27.7;40.1	< 0.001	Rising

Brazil and macro-regions	Annual prevalence of overweight (%)												Annual change (%)^a	95%CI^b	p-value	Trend
Brazil and macro-regions	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	Annual change (%)^a	95%CI^b	p-value	Trend
BRAZIL	43.1	41.9	43.9	45.0	46.2	45.1	45.2	48.7	48.9	49.7	50.9	51.4	1.8	1.5;2.2	< 0.001	Rising
North	36.9	36.8	39.3	39.6	39.9	42.2	42.6	47.7	47.3	48.0	49.2	49.5	3.1	2.6;3.6	< 0.001	Rising
Northeast	38.9	36.6	40.1	40.3	41.3	38.7	42.5	44.1	44.1	45.0	46.6	46.3	2.1	1.6;2.5	< 0.001	Rising
South	50.5	49.8	50.6	54.2	55.1	56.2	56.2	57.6	55.7	57.1	58.5	58.6	1.5	0.8;2.1	< 0.001	Rising
Midwest	40.9	43.0	43.1	45.1	47.4	46.5	48.3	52.8	52.1	51.3	52.2	52.9	2.4	1.8;3.1	< 0.001	Rising
Southeast	42.1	40.5	43.0	44.1	45.4	44.0	44.4	48.3	49.0	48.7	49.7	50.5	1.9	1.5;2.4	< 0.001	Rising

Brazil and macro-regions	Annual prevalence of underweight (%)												Annual change (%)^a	95%CI^b	p-value	Trend
Brazil and macro-regions	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	Annual change (%)^a	95%CI^b	p-value	Trend
BRAZIL	18.1	18.8	17.3	16.5	15.7	16.6	16.6	13.9	13.6	13.2	12.5	12.2	-3.8	-4.7;-3.0	< 0.001	Decreasing
North	20.1	20.3	18.5	18.8	19.0	17.2	17.5	13.8	14.0	13.4	12.7	12.5	-4.8	-5.9;-3.8	< 0.001	Decreasing
Northeast	20.4	21.6	19.5	18.6	17.7	19.8	17.6	15.6	15.4	14.8	13.9	13.9	-4.0	-4.8;-3.1	< 0.001	Decreasing
South	13.1	13.7	12.6	10.9	10.6	10.6	11.3	9.6	10.5	9.7	8.9	8.9	-3.6	-4.5;-2.6	< 0.001	Decreasing
Midwest	19.2	17.4	17.4	15.6	14.7	15.5	15.2	13.0	12.8	12.8	12.2	11.6	-4.2	-4.8;-3.5	< 0.001	Decreasing
Southeast	19.6	20.0	18.2	17.4	16.4	17.4	17.0	14.4	14.0	14.1	13.5	13.0	-3.9	-4.6;3.1	< 0.001	Decreasing

Brazil and macro-regions	Temporal trend of the prevalence of normal weight (%)												Annual change (%)^a	95%CI^b	p-value	Trend
Brazil and macro-regions	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	Annual change (%)^a	95%CI^b	p-value	Trend
BRAZIL	38.7	39.4	38.8	38.6	38.1	38.3	38.3	37.5	37.5	37.1	36.6	36.4	-0.7	-0.8;-0.5	< 0.001	Decreasing
North	43.0	42.9	42.2	41.6	41.2	40.5	39.9	38.5	38.7	38.5	38.1	38.1	-1.2	-1.5;-1.0	< 0.001	Decreasing
Northeast	40.7	41.8	40.4	41.1	41.0	41.5	40.0	40.3	40.5	40.2	39.6	39.8	-0.4	-0.5;-0.2	0.001	Decreasing
South	36.4	36.5	36.8	35.0	34.3	33.2	32.5	32.8	33.8	33.2	32.6	32.5	-1.1	-1.8;-0.5	0.004	Decreasing
Midwest	39.9	39.7	39.5	39.3	37.9	38.0	36.5	34.3	35.1	35.9	35.6	35.5	-1.2	-1.9;-0.6	0.002	Decreasing
Southeast	38.3	39.5	38.8	38.5	38.2	38.6	38.6	37.3	37.0	37.2	36.8	36.5	-0.6	-0.8;-0.4	< 0.001	Decreasing

Indicators of social inequality	SII: slope index of inequality^a
Indicators of social inequality	Underweight	Normal weight	Overweight
Human Development Index (HDI)	26.77 (0.003)	3.80 (0.372)	-17.48 (0.002)
Gini index	15.98 (0.108)	7.44 (0.090)	-6.36 (0.327)
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita	0.0001 (<0.001)	0.000 (0.448)	-0.0001 (0.007)
Low individual monthly income (proportion of poor people)	-0.07 (0.075)	-0.001 (0.930)	0.05 (0.058)
Low household income (proportion of poor households)	-0.09 (0.066)	0.001 (0.981)	0.06 (0.056)
	CIX: concentration index^a
	Underweight	Normal weight	Overweight
Human Development Index (HDI)	-0.15 (0.018)	-0.05 (0.672)	-0.19 (0.007)
Gini index	-0.08 (0.184)	-0.14 (0.242)	-0.06 (0.394)
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita	-0.14 (0.024)	0.02 (0.871)	-0.15 (0.040)
Low individual monthly income (proportion of poor people)	0.11 (0.098)	0.05 (0.676)	0.13 (0.070)
Low household income (proportion of poor households)	0.12 (0.083)	0.05 (0.670)	0.13 (0.068)

Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente - Ministério da Saúde do Brasil SRTVN Quadra 701, Via W5 Norte, Lote D, Edifício P0700, CEP: 70719-040, +55 61 3315-3464, Fax: +55 61 3315-3464 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: ress.svs@gmail.com

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