Analysis of the green corn production costs under tillage systems in the Sergipano Coastal Tableland

Assunção, Sara Julliane Ribeiro; Pedrotti, Alceu; Moura, Fábio Rodrigues de; Holanda, Francisco Sandro Rodrigues; Gomes Filho, Raimundo Rodrigues

doi:10.1590/1806-9479.2021.248628

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Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural

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Article • Rev. Econ. Sociol. Rural 61 (2) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9479.2021.248628 copy

Analysis of the green corn production costs under tillage systems in the Sergipano Coastal Tableland

Análise dos custos de produção do milho verde sob sistemas de cultivo no Tabuleiro Costeiro Sergipano

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

Although many green corn producers manage their agricultural properties informally, the production of this vegetable is socioeconomically relevant to the Brazilian Northeast. This work aims to estimate and analyze the production costs, profitability and return of green corn in different cultivation systems, in the Coastal Tablelands of Sergipano. For this purpose, data were collected from the 16th to the 18th year of cultivation of a long-term experiment, in a strip experimental design, where each strip corresponds to the soil management system (conventional cultivation (CC), no-tillage (PD)) and minimum cultivation (CM)), and four previous crops (Beans Caupí, Crotalária, Guandu and Milheto) were randomized to corn. Production costs, Gross revenue, Operating profit, Profitability index and Leveling point were determined. Greater productivity and Gross revenue were observed in the PD, and greater disbursements in the CC (R$ 8,184.59). PD had highest operating profit and profitability ratio, where Guandu/PD had the best performance (R$ 8,847.18 and 52.02% respectively). Guandu/CC presented negative operating profit and profitability index, characterizing itself as a non-viable alternative for the farmer. The identification and analysis of production costs is an important tool, as it enables the identification of more profitable crops, being the PD the most recommended.

Keywords:
rural; rural development; rural economy; land use; agricultural productivity

Soil management	Previous crop	Number of plants (ha)	Number of commercial corn cobs (ha)	Commercial corn cobs weight (kg. ha^-1)
Conventional tillage	Cowpea beans	63,715 A	24,41 CDE	5,762 DF
	Pigeon pea	51,100 AB	18,576 E	7,859 BCE
	Sunn hemp	59,201 AB	25,781 CD	6,978 CDE
	Millet	61,748 AB	24,219 CDE	6,373 DEF
	Mean	58,941 ab	23,249 b	6,743 b
Reduced tillage	Cowpea beans	58,681 AB	25,694 CD	7,470 CE
	Pigeon pea	60,706 AB	19,444 DE	5,527 F
	Sunn hemp	49,132 B	20,660 DE	5,532 F
	Millet	50,405 AB	22,396 DE	6,386 DEF
	Mean	54,731 b	22,0489 b	6,229 b
No-tillage	Cowpea beans	60,7634 AB	29,803 BC	9,112 ABC
	Pigeon pea	59,462 AB	38,368 A	11,246 A
	Sunn hemp	59,838 AB	33,912 AB	10,475 AB
	Millet	60,243 AB	33,507 AB	10,217 AB
	Mean	60,077 a	33,898 a	10,262 a

EOC Items	Unit of measurement	Unit value	Total Value soil per management system (R$)
EOC Items		R$	NT	RT	CT
A. MECHANIZED OPERATIONS
Disc-plow	HM	94.06	0.00	0.00	224.40
Leveling-disc	HM	94.06	0.00	690.41	690.41
Planter	HM	94.06	381.64	381.64	381.64
Sprayer	HM	94.06	224.37	0.00	0.00
Irrigation	KW.H^-1	0.097	1,337.19	1,337.19	1,337.19
B. MANUAL OPERATION
Liming	HH	48.45	290.70	290.70	290.70
Herbicide application	HH	48.45	48.45	48.45	48.45
Replanting	HH	48.45	581.40	581.40	581.40
Fertilization	HH	48.45	193.80	193.80	193.80
Weeding	HH	48.45	581.40	581.40	581.40
Plant cutting	HH	48.45	96.90	96.90	96.90
Insecticide application	HH	48.45	96.90	96.90	96.90
Preparation of fertilizers and seeds	HH	48.45	24.23	24.23	24.23
C. INPUTS
Glyphosat	l	26.15	143.2	0.00	0.00
Atrazine	l	16.03	60.11	60.11	60.11
2,4-D	l	25.35	53.24	0.00	0.00
Limestone	ton	3.93	103.93	207.86	207.86
Tiodicarbe	l	266.71	123.31	123.31	123.31
Lanate	l	26.60	31.66	31.66	31.66
Powdered graphite	kg	21.68	3.05	3.05	3.05
Urea	kg	1.52	959.29	959.29	959.29
Potassium chloride	kg	1.50	255.00	255.00	255.00
Single Superphosphate	kg	1.18	284.47	284.47	284.47
Corn seeds BM3061	kg	28.32	654.64	654.64	654.64
Pearl Millet seeds	kg	13.15	5.26	5.26	5.26
Sunn hemp seeds	kg	18.32	10.85	105.85	105.85
Cowpea beans seeds	kg	2.50	179.83	179.83	179.83
Pigeon pea seeds	kg	12.32	687.18	687.18	687.18
D. OTHER EXPENES
Soil analysis	Unit	25.00	25.00	25.00	25.00

Non-operating expenses	Value (R$)
Direct social burdens	191.38
CESSR*	**
Technical assistance	140.43
Financial burdens	81.53
Financial Burden-Crop Insurance	26.23

Soil management	Previous crop	Effective operating cost (EOC) (R$)	% TOC	Total Operating Cost (TOC) (R$)	Unit Cost * (R$)
Conventional tillage	Cowpea beans	7,556.65	92.99	8,126.12 AB	0.33
	Pigeon pea	8,064.00	93.74	8,602.38 A	0.46
	Sunn hemp	7,482.66	92.84	8,059.37 B	0.31
	Millet	7,382.07	92.85	7,950.47 B	0.33
Mean		7,621.35	93.11	8,184.59 a	0.36
Reduced tillage	Cowpea beans	7,332.25	92.32	7,942.67 B	0.31
	Pigeon pea	7,839.60	93.23	8,408.46 A	0.43
	Sunn hemp	7,258.26	92.64	7,835.20 B	0.38
	Millet	7,157.67	92.40	7,746.15 B	0.35
Mean		7,396.95	92.65	7,983.12 b	0.37
No-tillage	Cowpea beans	6,959.34	91.61	7,597.08 C	0.25
	Pigeon pea	7,466.69	91.49	8,161.38 AB	0.21
	Sunn hemp	6,885.35	91.19	7,550.41 C	0.22
	Millet	6,784.76	91.11	7,447.13 C	0.22
Mean		7,024.04	91.35	7,689.00 c 0.32

Soil management	PC	GR (R$)	OP (R$)	PM (%)	PLP (corn cobs)	TLP (R$)
Conventional tillage	Cowpea beans	10,825.96 CDE	2,699.84 BCD	24.94 BC	18,331 B	33.28 CD
	Pigeon pea	8,234.91 D	-367.47 F	-4.46 E	19,406 A	46.31 A
	Sunn hemp	11,428.83 CDE	3,369.46 CD	29.48 BC	18,181 B	31.26 CD
	Millet	10,736.17 CDE	2,785.71 BCD	25.95 BC	17,935 C	32.83 CD
Mean		10,306.47 b	2,121.88 b	18.72 b	18,463 a	36.08 a
Reduced tillage	Cowpea beans	11,390.35 CD	3,447.68 CD	30.27 BC	17,918 AC	30.91 CD
	Pigeon pea	8,619.72 DE	211.27 BF	2.45 DE	18,968 A	43.24 AB
	Sunn hemp	9,158.45 DE	1,323.26 BDF	14.45 CDE	17,675 D	37.92 ABC
	Millet	9,928.07 DE	2,181.92 BDF	21.98 CD	17,474 D	34.59 BC
Mean		9,774.15 b	1,791.03 b	16.59 b	18,009 b	37.08 a
No-tillage	Cowpea beans	13,211.78 BC	5,614.70 BC	42.50 AB	17,138 D	25.49 DE
	Pigeon pea	17,008.56 A	8,847.18 A	52.02 A	18,411 B	21.27 E
	Sunn hemp	15,033.21 AB	7,482.79 AB	49.78 A	17,033 D	22.26 E
	Millet	14,853.63 AB	7,406.50 AB	49.86 A	16,800 D	22.23 E
Mean		15,026.79 a	7,337.79 a	48.33 a	17,345a	22.92 b

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[1] SOURCE: Elaborated with the author’s data, 2019. NOTE: Means followed by the same upper-case letter in the column are not statistically different at 5.0% of probability by the test of Tukey. Means followed by the same lower-case letter in the column are not statistically different at 5.0% probability by the test of Tukey.