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REVIEW • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 77 (Suppl 3) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0094 copiar

Acciones de educación permanente en enfermería frente a la homofobia: una revisión integradora

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivos:

analizar las acciones de educación continua en enfermería en la literatura científica frente a la homofobia.

Métodos:

revisión integrativa de la literatura con búsqueda estructurada en junio de 2022 en ocho bases de datos, utilizando los descriptores Nursing Education, Homophobia, Sexual and Gender Minorities. La muestra final estuvo compuesta por seis estudios primarios.

Resultados:

las acciones de educación continua en enfermería se apoyan en estrategias como el uso de materiales didácticos, conferencias, estudios de casos y grupos focales, abordando contenidos como cuestiones de identidad de género y orientación afectivo-sexual, disparidades en salud y su relación con la homofobia en el ámbito de la salud.

Consideraciones finales:

realizadas en diversos ámbitos de atención de salud, las acciones de educación continua demostraron ser exitosas en la sensibilización de los enfermeros para enfrentar la homofobia en los servicios de salud, sin embargo, su ampliación es necesaria para crear espacios de salud que atiendan las necesidades específicas de estas personas.

Descriptores:
Minorías sexuales y de género; Enfermería; homofobia; Educación contínua; Formación de Recursos Humanos en Salud

Database	Search strategy	Number of articles
MEDLINE	(Nursing Education) AND (Homophobia)	59
	(Sexual and Gender Minorities) AND (Nursing Education)	337
	(Sexual and Gender Minorities) AND (Nursing Education) AND ((Homophobia)	19
CINAHL	(Nursing Education) AND (Homophobia OR Homonegativity OR Sexual Prejudice OR Antigay prejudice)	32
	(Sexual and Gender Minorities OR Homosexuality OR LGBT) AND (Nursing Education)	7
	(Sexual and Gender Minorities OR (Homosexuality OR LGBT) AND (Nursing Education) AND (Ho-mophobia OR Homonegativity OR Sexual Prejudice OR Antigay Prejudice)	1
Scopus	Title-ABS-Key (Nursing AND Education) AND Homophobia	49
	Title-ABS-Key (Sexual AND Gender AND Minorities) AND (Nursing AND Education)	133
	Title-ABS-Key (Sexual AND Gender AND Minorities) AND (Nursing AND Education) AND (Homophobia)	7
Web of Science	((ALL=(Nursing Education)) AND ALL=(Homophobia)	79
	((ALL=(Sexual and Gender Minorities)) AND ALL=(Nursing Education))	159
	((ALL=(Sexual and Gender Minorities)) AND ALL=(Nursing Education)) AND ALL=(Homophobia)	15
PsycInfo	Nursing Education AND Homophobia	50
	Sexual and Gender Minorities AND Nursing Education	82
	Sexual and Gender Minorities AND Nursing Education AND Homophobia	6
BDEnf	Nursing Education AND Homophobia	47
	Sexual and Gender Minorities AND Nursing Education	133
	Sexual and Gender Minorities AND Nursing Education AND Hompphobia	10
LILACS	Nursing Education AND Homophobia	-
	Sexual and Gender Minorities AND Nursing Education	1
	Sexual and Gender Minorities AND Nursing Education AND Homophobia	-
Cuiden	(“Educación em Enfermería”) AND (“Identidad de género”)	1

JBI Critical Appraisal for Quasi-Experimental Studies checklist
Study	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	Q6	Q7	Q8	Q9	Score
Hardacker CT, Rubinsteins B, Hotton A, Houlberg M(¹⁶16 Hardacker CT, Rubinsteins B, Hotton A, Houlberg M. Adding silver to the rainbow: the development of the nurses’ health education about LGBT elders (HEALE) cultural competency curriculum. J Nurs Manag. 2014;22:257-66. https://doi:10.1111/jonm.12125 https://doi:10.1111/jonm.12125... )	Y	Y	Y	NA	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	100.00%
Bristol S, Kostelec T, MacDonald R(¹⁷17 Bristol S, Kostelec T, MacDonald R. Improving emergency health care workers ´knowledge, competency, and atitudes toward lesbian, gay, bissexual, and transgender patients through interdisciplinar cultural competency training. J Emerg Nurs. 2018;44:632-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2018.03.013 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2018.03.01... )	Y	Y	Y	NA	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	100.00%
Schweiger-Whalen L, Noe S, Lynch S, Summer L, Adams E.(¹⁸18 Schweiger-Whalen L, Noe S, Lynch S, Summer L, Adams E. Converging cultures: partnering in affirmative and inclusive health care for members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2018;25(6):453-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390318820127 https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390318820127... )	Y	N	Y	NA	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	88.88%
Wyckoff ED.(¹⁹19 Wyckoff ED. LGBT Cultural Competence of Acute Care Nurses. J Nurses Prof Dev. 2019;35(3):125-31. https://doi.org/10.1097/nnd.0000000000000524 https://doi.org/10.1097/nnd.000000000000... )	Y	Y	Y	NA	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	100.00%
Du Mont J, Saad M, Kosa SD, Kia H, MacDonald S(²⁰20 Du Mont J, Saad M, Kosa SD, Kia H, MacDonald S. Providing trans-affirming care for sexual assault survivors: an evaluation of a novel curriculum for forensic nurses. Nurse Educ Today. 2020;93:104541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104541 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.1045... )	Y	Y	Y	NA	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	100.00%
JBI Critical Appraisal for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies checklist
Study	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	Q6	Q7	Q8	-	Score
Kroning M, Green J, Kroning K(²¹21 Kroning M, Green J, Kroning K. Dimension of inclusive care. Nurs Manage. 2017;48(1):22-6. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.numa.0000511181.72676.0f https://doi.org/10.1097/01.numa.00005111... )	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	N	-	62.50%

Reference	Year/country	Design/number of participants	Interventions - educational actions	Outcomes - contributions to combating homophobia
Hardacker CT, Rubinsteins B, Hotton A, Houlberg M(¹⁶16 Hardacker CT, Rubinsteins B, Hotton A, Houlberg M. Adding silver to the rainbow: the development of the nurses’ health education about LGBT elders (HEALE) cultural competency curriculum. J Nurs Manag. 2014;22:257-66. https://doi:10.1111/jonm.12125 https://doi:10.1111/jonm.12125... )	2014/United States of America	Multimethod study: methodological and quasi-experimental Number of participants: 848	- Development of curriculum on legal and health issues for LGBT older adults; - Training with lectures.	Increasing cultural competence during care for LGBT older adults.
Bristol S, Kostelec T, MacDonald R(¹⁷17 Bristol S, Kostelec T, MacDonald R. Improving emergency health care workers ´knowledge, competency, and atitudes toward lesbian, gay, bissexual, and transgender patients through interdisciplinar cultural competency training. J Emerg Nurs. 2018;44:632-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2018.03.013 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2018.03.01... )	2018/United States of America	Quasi-experimental study Number of participants: 145	- E-learning with an approach to cultural competence; - Focus groups; - Use of videos about health and LGBT issues.	Improvements in care for LGBT patients.
Schweiger-Whalen L, Noe S, Lynch S, Summer L, Adams E.(¹⁸18 Schweiger-Whalen L, Noe S, Lynch S, Summer L, Adams E. Converging cultures: partnering in affirmative and inclusive health care for members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2018;25(6):453-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390318820127 https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390318820127... )	2018/United States of America	Quasi-experimental study Number of participants: 130	- Lectures on affirmative practices and LGBT health.	Increased knowledge and skills in creating a culture of inclusion.
Wyckoff ED.(¹⁹19 Wyckoff ED. LGBT Cultural Competence of Acute Care Nurses. J Nurses Prof Dev. 2019;35(3):125-31. https://doi.org/10.1097/nnd.0000000000000524 https://doi.org/10.1097/nnd.000000000000... )	2019/United States of America	Quasi-experimental study Number of participants: 30	- Use of written material on health issues for LGBT people; - Lectures.	Improved cultural competence.
Du Mont J, Saad M, Kosa SD, Kia H, MacDonald S(²⁰20 Du Mont J, Saad M, Kosa SD, Kia H, MacDonald S. Providing trans-affirming care for sexual assault survivors: an evaluation of a novel curriculum for forensic nurses. Nurse Educ Today. 2020;93:104541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104541 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.1045... )	2020/Canada	Quasi-experimental study Number of participants: 47	- Case studies and focus groups on violence against trans people and the healthcare context.	Improved competence and skills to care for trans people who are victims of sexual assault.
Kroning M, Green J, Kroning K(²¹21 Kroning M, Green J, Kroning K. Dimension of inclusive care. Nurs Manage. 2017;48(1):22-6. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.numa.0000511181.72676.0f https://doi.org/10.1097/01.numa.00005111... )	2017/United States of America	Cross-sectional study Number of participants: not reported	- Lectures on LGBT terminologies and healthcare; - Videos.	Implementation of best care practices for LGBT patients.

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