Desarrollo participativo de tecnología educativa en busca de la seguridad del paciente en la maternidad

Baggio, Manuela Estrela; Costa, Anna Caroline Leite; Brandão, Leyla Gabriela Verner Amaral; Andrade, Vivian Andrezza Alves; Matozinhos, Fernanda Penido; Corrêa, Allana dos Reis; Manzo, Bruna Figueiredo

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 75 (5) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0701 copiar

Desarrollo participativo de tecnología educativa en busca de la seguridad del paciente en la maternidad

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivos:

desarrollar una cartilla como tecnología educativa, junto a profesionales de la salud, pacientes y acompañantes, con el objetivo de involucrarlos en la seguridad del paciente en la sala de maternidad.

Métodos:

estudio cualitativo convergente-asistencial, realizado en tres etapas en una maternidad de Belo Horizonte. La construcción de la cartilla ocurrió entre febrero y abril de 2021, con 13 profesionales, 06 acompañantes y 11 pacientes.

Resultados:

se realizó un análisis de contenido de los datos, creando tres categorías: Conocimientos y experiencias sobre la seguridad del paciente y del recién nacido en la sala de maternidad; Desafíos para involucrar al paciente y acompañante en acciones de seguridad; Evaluación de pacientes, acompañantes y profesionales sobre el proceso de construcción del cuadernillo. La construcción de la cartilla implicó la participación de profesionales de la salud, usuarios y acompañantes en todas las etapas del proceso.

Consideraciones finales:

el proceso participativo posibilitó la creación de tecnología educativa para el envolvimiento de pacientes y acompañantes en acciones de seguridad del paciente.

Descriptores:
Seguridad del Paciente; Participación del Paciente; Maternidades; Enfermería Maternoinfantil; Tecnología Educacional

Item	Fragility pointed out in participants' statements	Items considered in the booklet
Concept about PS	- Limited understanding of patient and companion about PS; - Lack of knowledge about how patient and companion could participate in PS.	- Make clear the concept of PS and how patient and companion can participate in safety actions in maternity hospitals.
Patient and NB identification	- Lack of knowledge about what needs to be verified on the identification wristband and when it should be verified; - Lack of understanding about the participation of patient and companion in the identification process.	- Emphasize that patients' and NBs' wristband must be checked by all professionals; - Clarify that patients and companions should signal professionals if any item is wrong or ineligible on the wristband or if it has been lost.
Safe medication	- Lack of understanding about the participation of patient and companion in medication administration so that it occurs safely.	- Present the important information that must be communicated by patients and companions before and after medication administration; - Expose the importance of questions and clarification of doubts about the medications in use.
Hand hygiene	- Frailty in the practice of hand hygiene; - Lack of knowledge of how to properly wash hands.	- Reinforce that hands should be washed whenever anyone touches a patient or NB and before any procedure; - Present the recommended step by step for correct hand hygiene.
Safe performance of procedures	- Lack of understanding about the participation of patient and companion during this moment; - Fragility about the importance of the Informed Consent Form.	- Clarify that patients and companions should ask about the procedure to be performed and clarify doubts; - Reinforce the importance of the Informed Consent Form and its reading.
Fall prevention	- Fragility of the participation of companion in this process; - Little knowledge about NB fall risk.	- Expose the importance of companion and how they should act to prevent fall risk; - Signal the actions that must be taken to prevent NB and patient from falling.
Effective communication	- Lack of knowledge about the importance of dialogue for patient and NB safety; - Fear of patients and companions in talking, questioning behaviors and solving doubts related to diagnoses, treatments and other care given to patient and NB.	- Expose the importance of patients and companions communicating with professionals - Encourage patients and companions to clarify any doubts.

Suggestions and/or observations	Change or justification for not changing
Shorten title	“Como você pode participar da segurança do paciente e do bebê na maternidade?” (How Can You Participate in Patient and Baby Safety in Maternity Hospitals?)
Start the booklet with handwashing action	The order of the booklet was changed following the WHO’s presentation of international PS goals, with the exception of the goal related to effective communication, because the researcher considered this goal essential for all the others to be carried out successfully and also for the outcome of the booklet to be carried out, encouraging patients and companions to dialogue with professionals.

Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem SGA Norte Quadra 603 Conj. "B" - Av. L2 Norte 70830-102 Brasília, DF, Brasil, Tel.: (55 61) 3226-0653, Fax: (55 61) 3225-4473 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: reben@abennacional.org.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Anna Caroline Leite Costa E-mail: anna.leitebh@gmail.com