| It aims to minimize waste and improve public health and environmental conditions. |
Agrawal, et al. (2021Agrawal, R., Wankhede, V.A., Kumar, A., & Luthra, S. (2021). Analysing the roadblocks of circular economy adoption in the automobile sector: reducing waste and environmental perspectives, Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(2), 1051-1066., p.1053) |
| Possible solution to problems such as increasing global demand for resources, price volatility for raw materials, and the growing population and consumption around the world. |
Alonso-Almeida e Rodriguez-Anton (2019Alonso-Almeida, M.M., & Rodriguez-Anton, J.M. (2019). Circular Supply Chain and Business Model in Apparel Industry: An Exploratory Approach. In Ulas Akkucuk, (ed.) The circular economy and Its implications on sustainability and the green supply chain (66-83). IGI Global., p. 710) |
| Product recovery and recycling srategy, aiming maintenence product and materials in use, and regenerating natural systems and promoting their value. |
MacArthur, Zumwinkel & Stuchtey (2015MacArthur, E., Zumwinkel, K., & Stuchtey, M. R. (2015). Growth within: a circular economy vision for a competitive Europe. Ellen MacArthur Foundation.) (EMF, 2015) |
| Aims resources maintenance within the economic system for the longest possible. |
(European Commission, 2020European Commission. (2020). A new circular economy action plan for a cleaner and more competitive Europe. In European Commission. Brussels, Belgium.) |
| Strategy aiming reduction of entry of virgin materials and the productions of waste, closing the economic an ecological cycles of resource flows. |
Haas, et al. (2015Haas, W., Krausmann, F., Wiedenhofer, D., & Heinz, M. (2015). How circular is the global economy? an assessment of material flows, waste production, and recycling in the European Union and the world in 2005, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 19(5), 765-777., p.765) |
| Key elemento to break direct relationship between economic growth and the increase of consumption of natural resources. |
Hazen et al., (2016Hazen, B.T.; Mollenkopf, D.A., & Wang, Y. (2017). Remanufacturing for the circular economy: An examination of consumer switching behavior. Business Strategy and the Environment , 26(4), 451-464.); Geisendorf e Pietrulla, (2017Geisendorf, S., & Pietrulla, F. (2017). The circular economy and circular economic concepts-a literature analysis and redefinition. Thunderbird International Business Review, 60, 771-782.); PCM (2017PCM - Presidência do Conselho de Ministros (2017). Diário da República, 1.ª série, n.º 236 de 11 de dezembro de 2017. República Portuguesa.) |
| Main transformative and integrative philosophy, which is the basis of the ecological and economic policies of the public-private partnership. |
Oriekhova (2019Oriekhova, T. (2019). Circular economy as a global imperative. Journal of European Economy 18(4), (71), 415-424., p.415). |
| Aims at valuing resources, especially renewable and recyclable ones, through in-depth knowledge of the technological, social, environmental, cultural and economic processes, associated with the metabolisdm of the economy. |
PNCT (2017PNCT (2017). Plano Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia. Available: https://www.fct.pt/agendastematicas/docs/PNCT_Ciencia_2017.pdf
https://www.fct.pt/agendastematicas/docs...
, p.3) |
| Economic system, based on business models which replace the concept of "end of life" with reduction alternatively reuse, recicling and recovery of materials in production/distribution and consumption processes, with the aim of achieving development, which implies creation of environmental quality, economic prosperity and social equity, for the benefit of current and futures generations. |
Kirchherr et al. (2017Kirchherr, J.; Reike, D., & Hekkert, M. (2017). Conceptualizing the circular economy: An analysis of 114 definitions. Resources, Conservation and Recycling , 127, 221-232., p. 229) |
| It aims to promote eficiente use and productivity of resourcesit stimulates through products, processes and business models based on dematerialization, reuse, recicling and recovery of materials, extracting the economic value and usefulness of materials, equipments and goods as long as possible. |
MdA (2017MdA - Ministério do Ambiente (2017). Liderar a Transição: Plano de Ação para a Economia Circular em Portugal 2017-2020. Available on: https://eco.nomia.pt/contents/ficheiros/paec-pt.pdf
https://eco.nomia.pt/contents/ficheiros/...
, p.10) |
| Closed cyclic system aiming zereo waste, recovering and recycling products which are in the decline phase of its life cycle, into new products. |
Stahel (2016Stahel, W.R., (2016). The circular economy. Nature 531 (7595), 435-438.) |
| Its objective is to decoupling social benefits and human well-being from the increasing use, production and consumption of new resources. |
(Van Hoof et al., 2018Van Hoof, V., Maarten, C., & Vercalsteren, A. (2018). Indicators for a Circular Economy. Flanders State of Art, 41. Available: https://circulareconomy.europa.eu/platform/sites/default/files/summa_- _indicators_for_a_circular_economy.pdf.
https://circulareconomy.europa.eu/platfo...
) |
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