Vocabulary performance of students with and without difficulties learning to read and write

Silva, Cláudia da; Alves, Patrícia do Valle

doi:10.1590/1982-0216/202123312020

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. CEFAC 23 (3) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216/202123312020 copy

Vocabulary performance of students with and without difficulties learning to read and write

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

to compare vocabulary performances and verify the lexical competence of students with and without difficulties learning to read and write.

Methods:

93 first-grade students were divided into Group I (50 students without difficulties) and Group II (43 students with difficulties learning to read and write). They were administered the Child Language Test focusing on vocabulary. The analysis considered aspects of usual word designation, non-designation, and substitution process. The data analysis was conducted with the Mann-Whitney test, with a p-value ≤ 0.05.

Results:

there were significant performances in the comparison between the groups in all the conceptual fields analyzed. There was no significance for either group regarding the conceptual fields of Foods, Furniture and Appliances, Places, and Professions in non-designation; regarding Means of Transportation in substitution processes; regarding Toys and Musical Instruments in both non-designation and substitution processes. Group I had higher means than Group II in usual word designation, and lower ones in non-designation and substitution processes.

Conclusion:

students with difficulties learning to read and write had greater difficulties in usual word designation, as well as higher error indexes in substitution processes and non-designation, which reveals a deficient vocabulary concerning lexical access in comparison with students without difficulties.

Keywords:
Vocabulary; Learning; Language; Child Development; Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences

Variable	Groups	n	Mean	SD	Min	Max	25th percent	Median	75th percent	p-value
Clothing %UWD	GI	50	99.00	3.03	90.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	< 0.001*
	GII	43	87.00	16.26	60.00	100.00	72.50	95.00	100.00	< 0.001*
	Total	93	95.57	10.45	60.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Clothing %ND	GI	50	0.60	2.40	0.00	10.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.019*
	GII	43	4.00	7.54	0.00	20.00	0.00	0.00	7.50	0.019*
	Total	93	1.57	4.71	0.00	20.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Clothing %SP	GI	50	0.40	1.98	0.00	10.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	< 0.001*
	GII	43	9.00	14.11	0.00	40.00	0.00	0.00	20.00	< 0.001*
	Total	93	2.86	8.54	0.00	40.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Animals %UWD	GI	50	99.47	2.27	87.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	< 0.001*
	GII	43	90.47	14.79	53.00	100.00	81.68	100.00	100.00	< 0.001*
	Total	93	96.89	8.98	53.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Animals %ND	GI	50	0.27	1.33	0.00	7.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.007*
	GII	43	4.01	8.76	0.00	33.00	0.00	0.00	5.03	0.007*
	Total	93	1.34	5.03	0.00	33.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Animals %SP	GI	50	0.27	1.88	0.00	13.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.002*
	GII	43	5.33	11.16	0.00	40.00	0.00	0.00	4.88	0.002*
	Total	93	1.71	6.49	0.00	40.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Variable	Group	n	Mean	SD	Min	Max	25th percent	Median	75th percent	p-value
Foods %UWD	GI	50	97.46	4.44	87.00	100.00	93.30	100.00	100.00	0.006*
	GII	43	89.67	13.42	53.00	100.00	86.70	93.30	100.00	0.006*
	Total	93	95.24	8.73	53.00	100.00	93.30	100.00	100.00
Foods %ND	GI	50	2.13	4.14	0.00	13.00	0.00	0.00	1.65	0.355
	GII	43	4.67	7.83	0.00	20.00	0.00	0.00	11.65	0.355
	Total	93	2.86	5.51	0.00	20.00	0.00	0.00	6.63
Foods %SP	GI	50	0.40	1.61	0.00	7.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.001*
	GII	43	5.67	8.73	0.00	27.00	0.00	0.00	13.30	0.001*
	Total	93	1.91	5.34	0.00	27.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Means of Transportation %UWD	GI	50	87.62	9.69	63.60	100.00	81.80	90.90	90.90	0.013*
	GII	43	79.98	12.39	54.50	90.90	74.98	81.80	90.90	0.013*
	Total	93	85.44	11.00	54.50	100.00	81.80	90.90	90.90
Means of Transportation %ND	GI	50	1.09	2.99	0.00	9.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.006*
	GII	43	5.46	8.54	0.00	27.00	0.00	0.00	9.10	0.006*
	Total	93	2.34	5.51	0.00	27.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Means of Transportation %SP	GI	50	11.28	9.65	0.00	36.40	6.83	9.10	18.20	0.324
	GII	43	14.57	13.01	0.00	45.50	9.10	9.10	18.20	0.324
	Total	93	12.22	10.72	0.00	45.50	9.10	9.10	18.20

Variable	Group	n	Mean	SD	Min	Max	25th percent	Median	75th percent	p-value
Furniture/ Appliances %UWD	GI	50	91.08	6.08	75.00	100.00	87.50	91.70	95.80	< 0.001*
	GII	43	73.96	12.60	45.80	100.00	66.70	75.00	82.28	< 0.001*
	Total	93	86.19	11.43	45.80	100.00	82.28	87.50	95.80
Furniture/ Appliances %ND	GI	50	7.42	6.15	0.00	25.00	3.08	8.30	12.50	0.265
	GII	43	9.79	8.14	0.00	33.30	4.20	8.30	12.50	0.265
	Total	93	8.09	6.80	0.00	33.30	4.10	8.30	12.50
Furniture/ Appliances %SP	GI	50	1.50	2.89	0.00	13.00	0.00	0.00	4.20	< 0.001*
	GII	43	16.26	10.97	0.00	33.00	6.28	16.70	25.00	< 0.001*
	Total	93	5.72	9.17	0.00	33.00	0.00	0.00	8.30
Professions %UWD	GI	50	80.80	15.37	40.00	100.00	70.00	80.00	90.00	0.001*
	GII	43	64.50	18.49	30.00	100.00	50.00	60.00	80.00	0.001*
	Total	93	76.14	17.80	30.00	100.00	70.00	80.00	90.00
Professions %ND	GI	50	7.00	10.74	0.00	40.00	0.00	0.00	10.00	0.223
	GII	43	12.00	16.42	0.00	60.00	0.00	10.00	17.50	0.223
	Total	93	8.43	12.70	0.00	60.00	0.00	0.00	10.00
Professions %SP	GI	50	12.20	11.66	0.00	40.00	0.00	10.00	20.00	0.006*
	GII	43	23.50	16.31	0.00	60.00	10.00	30.00	30.00	0.006*
	Total	93	15.43	14.01	0.00	60.00	0.00	10.00	30.00

Variable	Group	n	Mean	SD	Min	Max	25th percent	Median	75th percent	p-value
Places %UWD	GI	50	89.51	12.12	42.00	100.00	83.30	91.70	100.00	< 0.001*
	GII	43	70.84	22.06	33.00	92.00	52.08	79.15	91.70	< 0.001*
	Total	93	84.17	17.62	33.00	100.00	81.23	91.70	93.78
Places %ND	GI	50	4.16	10.14	0.00	50.00	0.00	0.00	2.08	0.119
	GII	43	11.67	19.77	0.00	67.00	0.00	0.00	20.83	0.119
	Total	93	6.31	13.87	0.00	67.00	0.00	0.00	8.30
Places %SP	GI	50	6.33	7.06	0.00	25.00	0.00	8.30	8.30	0.009*
	GII	43	17.50	16.87	0.00	58.00	2.08	12.50	31.22	0.009*
	Total	93	9.52	11.81	0.00	58.00	0.00	8.30	10.48
Shapes and Colors %UWD	GI	50	96.20	8.05	70.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	< 0.001*
	GII	43	78.50	14.24	50.00	100.00	70.00	80.00	90.00	< 0.001*
	Total	93	91.14	12.92	50.00	100.00	80.00	100.00	100.00
Shapes and Colors %ND	GI	50	2.80	7.01	0.00	30.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.003*
	GII	43	10.50	13.17	0.00	40.00	0.00	5.00	20.00	0.003*
	Total	93	5.00	9.74	0.00	40.00	0.00	0.00	10.00
Shapes and Colors %SP	GI	50	1.00	4.63	0.00	30.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	< 0.001*
	GII	43	10.50	13.56	0.00	40.00	0.00	5.00	25.00	< 0.001*
	Total	93	3.71	9.20	0.00	40.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Toys and Musical Instruments %UWD	GI	50	93.44	10.42	54.50	100.00	90.90	100.00	100.00	0.003*
	GII	43	83.15	16.24	36.40	100.00	72.70	86.35	97.73	0.003*
	Total	93	90.50	13.11	36.40	100.00	81.80	90.90	100.00
Toys and Musical Instruments %ND	GI	50	4.67	9.04	0.00	36.70	0.00	0.00	9.10	0.093
	GII	43	8.19	11.38	0.00	36.30	0.00	0.05	15.93	0.093
	Total	93	5.68	9.81	0.00	36.70	0.00	0.00	9.10
Toys and Musical Instruments %SP	GI	50	2.07	4.36	0.00	18.20	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.119
	GII	43	8.21	16.14	0.00	63.60	0.00	0.00	9.10	0.119
	Total	93	3.82	9.64	0.00	63.60	0.00	0.00	2.28

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