Sociodemographic profile and stages of Parkinson’s disease associated with predictors of Temporomandibular Disorder

Oliveira, Jonatas Silva de; Sobral, Amanda do Vale; Silva, Taysa Vannoska de Almeida; Coriolano, Maria das Graças Wanderley de Sales; Lins, Carla Cabral dos Santos Accioly

doi:10.1590/1982-0216/202123211220

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. CEFAC 23 (2) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216/202123211220 copy

Sociodemographic profile and stages of Parkinson’s disease associated with predictors of Temporomandibular Disorder

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

to analyze the predictors of temporomandibular disorder in people with Parkinson’s disease, verifying their associations with sociodemographic aspects and stages of the disease.

Methods:

a study based on secondary data from research conducted in 2017 with 110 people with Parkinson’s disease. They were assessed with the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders and the Parkinson’s disease staging scale. The studied predictive variables for temporomandibular disorder were pain, crepitation, clicking, nighttime and daytime clenching/gnashing, uncomfortable/non-habitual bite, morning rigidity, and tinnitus. The sociodemographic aspects assessed were age, sex, schooling level, marital status, income, and stages 1 to 3 of the disease. The chi-squared odds ratio was used with a 95% confidence interval and significance level at p < 0.05.

Results:

an association was verified between nighttime clenching/gnashing and income (p = 0.006); tinnitus and income range from ½ to 3 (p = 0.003) and from 4 to 10 minimum wages (p = 0.004); and between tinnitus and stage 1 (p = 0.02).

Conclusion:

this study verified that the predictors associated with temporomandibular disorder in people with Parkinson’s disease were pain, clicking, crepitation, uncomfortable/non-habitual bite, and morning rigidity. It was verified that income and stage 1 of the disease had an association with nighttime clenching/gnashing and tinnitus.

Keywords:
Parkinson’s Disease; Craniomandibular Disorders; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Facial Pain; Muscle Rigidity

Variables	N = 110	(%)	Mean ± Standard deviation
Age			63±9
Less than 60 years	41	37%
More than 60 years	69	63%
Sex
Males	72	65%
Females	38	35%
Schooling (years)			9±5
Illiterate	3	3%
Elementary School (1-4 years)	24	22%
Middle School (5-8 years)	27	24%
High School (9-11 years)	33	30%
Higher Education (12-17 years)	23	21%
Marital Status
Married	74	67%
Single	3	3%
Widowed	11	10%
Divorced	4	4%
Cohabiting	11	10%
Separated	3	3%
Never married	3	3%
Income (MW)
½ to 3	81	74%
4 to 10	30	30%
11 to 20	3	3%
NI	3	3%
Stage of the disease
1	27	24%
2	59	54%
3	24	22%
Time since diagnosis of PD (years)			7±4

ABRAMO Associação Brasileira de Motricidade Orofacial Rua Uruguaiana, 516, Cep 13026-001 Campinas SP Brasil, Tel.: +55 19 3254-0342 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistacefac@cefac.br

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[1] Corresponding address: Carla Cabral dos Santos Accioly Lins, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-90 - Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, E-mail: carla.santos@ufpe.br

Pain	With pain	Without pain	Total
With TMD	14	24	38	p = 0.000*
Without TMD	3	69	72	OR = 13.41
Total	17	93	110	95% CI = 3.54-50.7
				Kappa = 0.37
				Sens. = 0.36
				Spec. = 0.95
				PPV = 82%
				NPV = 74%
Clicking	With clicking	Without clicking	Total
With TMD	24	14	38	p = 0.000*
Without TMD	13	59	72	OR = 7.78
Total	37	73	110	95% CI = 3.19-18.97
				Kappa = 0.45
				Sens. = 0.63
				Spec. = 0.81
				PPV = 64%
				NPV = 80%
Crepitation	With Crepitation	Without Crepitation	Total
With TMD	16	22	38	p = 0.002*
Without TMD	10	62	72	OR = 4.5
Total	26	84	110	95% CI = 1.78-11.4
				Kappa = 0.30
				Sens. = 0.42
				Spec. = 0.86
				PPV = 61%
				NPV = 73%
NCG	With NCG	Without NCG	Total
With TMD	12	26	38	p = 0.150
Without TMD	13	59	72	OR = 2.09
Total	25	85	110	95% CI = 0.84-5.2
DCG	With DCG	Without DCG	Total
With TMD	10	28	38	p = 0.124
Without TMD	10	62	72	OR = 2.21
Total	20	90	110	95% CI = 0.82-5.92
U/NHB	With U/NHB	Without U/NHB	Total
With TMD	23	15	38	p = 0.048*
Without TMD	29	43	72	OR = 2.27
Total	52	58	110	95% CI = 1.01-5.07
				Kappa = 0.18
				Sens. = 0.60
				Spec. = 0.59
				PPV = 44%
				NPV = 74%
MR	With MR	Without MR	Total
With TMD	10	28	38	p = 0.028*
Without TMD	7	65	72	OR = 3.31
Total	17	93	110	95% CI = 1.14-9.59
				Kappa = 0.19
				Sens. = 0.26
				Spec. = 0.90
				PPV = 58%
				NPV = 69%
Tinnitus	With tinnitus	Without tinnitus	Total
With TMD	18	20	38	p = 0.841
Without TMD	32	40	72	OR = 1.12
Total	50	60	110	95% CI = 0.51-2.47

Nighttime clenching/gnashing
Income ½ to 3	With NCG	Without NCG	Total
Yes	22	46	68	p = 0.006*
No	4	38	42	OR = 4.54
Total	26	84	110	95% CI = 1.44-14.3
				Kappa = 0.19
				Sens. = 0.84
				Spec. = 0.45
				PPV = 32%
				NPV = 90%
Tinnitus
Stage 1 of the disease	With tinnitus	Without tinnitus	Total
Yes	7	20	27	p = 0.02*
No	43	40	83	OR = 0.32
Total	50	60	110	95% CI = 0.12-0.85
				Kappa = -0.2
				Sens. = 0.14
				Spec. = 0.66
				PPV = 25%
				NPV = 48%
Income ½ to 3	With tinnitus	Without tinnitus	Total
Yes	40	31	71	p = 0.003*
No	10	29	39	OR = 3.74
Total	50	60	110	95% CI = 1.58-8.82
				Kappa = 0.27
				Sens. = 0.80
				Spec. = 0.48
				PPV = 56%
				NPV = 74%
Income 4 to 10	With tinnitus	Without tinnitus	Total
Yes	8	25	33	p = 0.004*
No	42	35	77	OR = 0.26
Total	50	60	110	95% CI = 0.10-0.66
				Kappa = -0.26
				Sens. = 0.16
				Spec. = 0.58
				PPV = 24%
				NPV = 45%