Resumo em Inglês:
The problem of transposition without distortion of the phylogenetic information of cladograms and trees to a classification has elicited several suggestions from many authors. Both the subordination and sequencing methods have limitations which add up to those intrinsic of the Linnaean system. Conventions were made by Patterson & Rosen (1977) and Wiley (1979) to solve the problems of fossils in classification, of placing groups of uncertain position, of distinguishing tricotomies from sequencing, and of including the ancestral with recent and other fossil groups in the classification. The impossibility of naming inclusive taxa has been a major problem in the sequenced system. Herewith a method is proposed to refer to these groups without increasing the number of categories or names. An initial discussion of the relations between sequenced classification and assymetry of the phylogenies is made.Resumo em Inglês:
The corallimorpharian Discosoma carlgreni (Watzl, 1922) was collected for the first time in Brazil, from the upper infralittoral of three localities of the State of Espírito Santo. The redescription of the species was based on many specimens and information about its biology is given. The new occurrence enlarges widely its geographical distribution, formerly restricted to the northeastern region of the Caribbean Sea. D. carlgreni is the first Discosomatidae from Brazil and the first Brazilian Corallimorpharia identified to species level.Resumo em Inglês:
Pyrearinus termitilluminans, sp.n., type-locality: Brazil, Goiás, Parque Nacional das Emas, is described based on larvae, pupa and adults collected from nests of Cornitermes sp.Resumo em Inglês:
Elaterid beetle larvae. Pyrearinus termitilluminans (sp.n., Costa, 1982.) live in termite mounds in central Brazil. Each larva produces light in the segment immediately behind its head. Larvae were observed to luminesce only during the first weeks of the rainy season, the same times as the ant and termite alate flights. Alates, apparently attracted to P. termitilluminans larval lights, serve as an important food source for the larvae. The prey-catching and food-storing behavior and the phenomenon of bioluminescence are apparently an evolutionary response by P. termitilluminans larvae to a short, rich pulse of food. Prey attraction as a probable cause for luminescence has been suggested only twice before.Resumo em Inglês:
The purpose of this paper is to record two peculiar cases of human myiases occurring in Northern Brasil which apparently have not been reported. In both cases maggots of Alouattamyia baeri (Shannon & Greene) (Diptera, Cuterebridae) were localized in the pharyngeal cavity. The first case involved a female Suruí indian, 30 years old, living in the Parque Aripuanã, Rondônia, presenting symptoms of cough, nausea, dyspnea and painful throat. After treatment with Tiabendazol six large maggots were expelled through the mouth. The second case occurred in the state of Amazonas, involving a 45 years old worker of the Manaus-Manacapuru road, km 27. The patient showed, for two weeks, intense cough and throat irritation and after gargle with iodine solution expelled a large maggot. The native hosts of this fly include mainly howler monkeys (Alouatta sp.). The large maggots (22-27 mm) develop in the cervical, upper sternal and axillary regions. An up-to-date list of hosts of A. baeri found in the literature is presented. The material is deposited in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo.Resumo em Inglês:
The growth of Chrysomya chloropyga (Wiedemann) larvae was compared on three different oligidic diets and mice carcass. The following performances in terms of gain in body weight were obtained: mice carcass (61.5 mg), whole dried milk plus whole dried egg (56.5 mg), whole dried milk plus casein (56 mg) and whole dried milk (55 mg). The period of most rapid growth was also different for each dietary media. This is the first time C. chloropyga has been reared on oligidic diets.Resumo em Inglês:
Prawn growth in intensive culture ponds depends upon the cultured species and internal (nutrition state) and external (pond condition) factors. To obtain growth taxa in aquaculture for the "canela" prawn (Macrobrachium amazonicum), experiments were carried out at Amapá and Pernambuco, Brazil. The initial prawn population of Amapá ponds carne from different places of the Amazon river, while those from Pernambuco from hatcheries of the Departamento de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Physico-chemical and biological analyses of the water were made at the same time. The growth rate was estimated through collections of samples of about 10% of the initial population, with measures of the orbital length of each individual. Ponds' harvests were done when most of the population presented an orbital length equal to or larger than 80 mm. The present results showed 70 mm average size after 3-4 months of the post-larvae settlement to be the ideal for harvesting, favouring the utilization of this species for intensive aquaculture. Data on correlation, orbital and total growth, and weight gain were obtained during prawn growth.Resumo em Inglês:
Studies on production of post-larvae of the prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum under controlled laboratory conditions were developed at the Departamento de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, from September 1980 to February 1982. Experiments were undertaken in aquaria and tanks where the salinity and density of the populations had been changed. The best production was obtained with salinity 14/00 with a density of 38 larvae per litre. The food provided for larvae was crushed fish and nauplii of Artemia salina. Out of 13 experiments a total of 20,000 post-larvae of Macrobrachium amazonicum were obtained.Resumo em Inglês:
Four new species of Glossodrilus, G. mairaro, G. arapaco, G. oliveirae and G. tico, are described from the region between 3º - 5ºN and 58º - 62ºW, including part of Brazil, Venezuela and Guyana. A new occurrence is indicated for G. schubarti. The subgenus Glossodrilus (Tonperoge) is invalidated. A pragmatic system is presented to group the 31 species and subspecies of Glossodrilus.Resumo em Inglês:
An extensive cuivivation of the cichlids Tilapia rendalli and its predator Cichla ocellaris was undertaken at a lake in the Ribeirão Preto (State of São Paulo) Campus of the University of São Paulo. Comparison of the results with former ones, obtained before the introduction of the predator, showed a considerable increase of tilapias, both in total length and total weight, showing the advantage of rearing them together.Resumo em Inglês:
Reptiles were collected during a period of two years in the Estação Ecológica do Taim, in the southeastern part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in a region characterized by large extensions of swamps, sand dunes and prairies. Out of 81 species of reptiles known from the State 21 have been collected in the station. Freshwater turtles are most abundant; others groups are poorly represented.Resumo em Inglês:
Chrysemys dorbigni is a common diurnal turtle in the Taim Ecological Station. Though females may choose nesting sites in the same area they do it isolately, not in groups. Data on female nesting site selection, building of nest and egg laying are given. Under laboratory and field conditions development was followed from the egg stage to the emergence of hatchlings and growth of juveniles. One to 16 eggs are laid per clutch. Nesting activity is coincident with periods of higher temperatures in the field. Abiotic conditions and incidence of predation have been considered to estimate the success of clutches.Resumo em Inglês:
A census of crocodilians was made in a lake permanently linked to the Rio Trombetas, within a Biological Reserve of the IBDF, as well as at the mouth of the River, outside the Reserve. Estimates of size and data on the localization of the animals in the environment were undertaken. Only Caiman crocodilus crocodilus was identified, in a total sample of 33 individuais, most below 1 m in total length. Even then, there were reproductive individuals in both samples.Resumo em Inglês:
During observations that took place at the Sítio Monte Mor, Municipality of Limeira, São Paulo, two cases of bigamy among Sicalis flaveola brasiliensis were studied. The females occupied the same territory and built the nests close to one another. No aggression was observed between them, when one would enter each others' nest. The male fed the nestling of both females, even when the brood occurred simultaneously.