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Ontogenic events and swimming behavior of larvae of the characid fish Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier) (Characiformes, Characidae) under laboratory conditions

Abstract

The larval ontogeny and swimming behavior of the characid fish Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier, 1816) were studied under experimental laboratory conditions, from hatching to yolk absorption. At day 1, the larvae were transparent, with sparse dendrite chromatophores and a well-developed adhesive organ on the head. The retinal epithelial cells were initiating pigmentation. The branchial arches were at the initial phase of differentiation. The larvae were able to perform only vertical displacements and, when resting on the tank bottom, remained in lateral decumbency, in groups of 3 to 15 larvae. On day 2, the mouth was open, with conical teeth, and the digestive tube presented lumen and folded mucosa. The gaseous bladder and pectoral fins also were in differentiation. The larvae performed vertical and horizontal movements, adhered to the water surface by means of the adhesive organ or formed groups of three to six on the tank bottom. On day 3, the adhesive organ turned dorsal, the retina was pigmented, the digestive tube mucosa showed goblet cells, and the yolk sac exhausted. The larvae were now scattering in the water column forming no groups on the bottom.

Salminus brasiliensis; larval ontogenic events; larval swimming behavior


Ontogenic events and swimming behavior of larvae of the characid fish Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier) (Characiformes, Characidae) under laboratory conditions

José Enemir dos Santos; Hugo Pereira Godinho

Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia de Vertebrados, Pontífica Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais. Caixa Postal 2686, 30535-610 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil

ABSTRACT

The larval ontogeny and swimming behavior of the characid fish Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier, 1816) were studied under experimental laboratory conditions, from hatching to yolk absorption. At day 1, the larvae were transparent, with sparse dendrite chromatophores and a well-developed adhesive organ on the head. The retinal epithelial cells were initiating pigmentation. The branchial arches were at the initial phase of differentiation. The larvae were able to perform only vertical displacements and, when resting on the tank bottom, remained in lateral decumbency, in groups of 3 to 15 larvae. On day 2, the mouth was open, with conical teeth, and the digestive tube presented lumen and folded mucosa. The gaseous bladder and pectoral fins also were in differentiation. The larvae performed vertical and horizontal movements, adhered to the water surface by means of the adhesive organ or formed groups of three to six on the tank bottom. On day 3, the adhesive organ turned dorsal, the retina was pigmented, the digestive tube mucosa showed goblet cells, and the yolk sac exhausted. The larvae were now scattering in the water column forming no groups on the bottom.

Key words:Salminus brasiliensis, larval ontogenic events, larval swimming behavior

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq (Grant # 403354/90-0) for partial support), Y. Sato from Tres Marias Hatchery Station - CODEVASF for larval supply, R. Miranda for technical assistance, and the two anonymous referees for their criticism and suggestions.

Recebido em 28.XII.2000: aceito em 28.I.2002.

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Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    19 May 2009
  • Date of issue
    Mar 2002

History

  • Accepted
    28 Jan 2002
  • Received
    28 Dec 2000
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