Estudo comparativo sobre a composição e a diversidade de lepidópteros noturnos em cinco áreas da Região dos Cerrados

Camargo, Amabílio J. Aires de

doi:10.1590/S0101-81751999000200004

Resumo

The understanding of the distribution and richness patterns of species is very important in ecology. Also, for the Cerrado region, this is very important and urgent, because of the strong pressure for new areas designated for agriculture. In five areas of the Cerrado, an exploratory study was carried out on the diversity, evenness and similarity of moth species. Moths were captured in a white sheet hung vertically and illuminated by a 250 Watt mercury vapor lamp. The alpha diversity was calculated using the Shannon-Wiener index (H') and the Simpson index (γ). The beta diversity was examined for all sampled localities and estimated by Wittaker's measure. The Sörensen and Jaccard indexes were used to calculate similarity. A total of 11130 individuals, 1064 species and 33 families were collected during the study. Great differences were found in the diversity (H'), and according to this index, the minimum value found was 1.60 and highest value was 4.59. From the Simpson index (γ), the minimum value was 0.42 and highest 0.96. With both methods, in all the localities, these values were significantly different by the T test (p<0.001). The mean beta diversity found was 0.6929, and the minimum and highest values found were respectively 0.4328 and 0.8615. A positive correlation was found between beta diversity and distances among the localities (r²=0.5844, p<0.05). Faunal similarities among sites were low, and the highest value found was 0.4146 by Sörensen index and 0.2615 by Jaccard index.

Lepidoptera; moths; Brazilian savannas; biodiversity; similarity

Estudo comparativo sobre a composição e a diversidade de lepidópteros noturnos em cinco áreas da Região dos Cerrados¹ 1 Projeto financiado pela Japan International Cooperation Agency, através da Companhia de Promoção Agrícola.

Comparative study on composition and diversity of the moths in five areas of Cerrado Region

Amabílio J. Aires de Camargo

Embrapa Cerrados. Caixa Postal 08223, 73301-970 Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brasil. E-mail: amabilio@cpac.embrapa.br

ABSTRACT

The understanding of the distribution and richness patterns of species is very important in ecology. Also, for the Cerrado region, this is very important and urgent, because of the strong pressure for new areas designated for agriculture. In five areas of the Cerrado, an exploratory study was carried out on the diversity, evenness and similarity of moth species. Moths were captured in a white sheet hung vertically and illuminated by a 250 Watt mercury vapor lamp. The alpha diversity was calculated using the Shannon-Wiener index (H') and the Simpson index (γ). The beta diversity was examined for all sampled localities and estimated by Wittaker's measure. The Sörensen and Jaccard indexes were used to calculate similarity. A total of 11130 individuals, 1064 species and 33 families were collected during the study. Great differences were found in the diversity (H'), and according to this index, the minimum value found was 1.60 and highest value was 4.59. From the Simpson index (γ), the minimum value was 0.42 and highest 0.96. With both methods, in all the localities, these values were significantly different by the T test (p<0.001). The mean beta diversity found was 0.6929, and the minimum and highest values found were respectively 0.4328 and 0.8615. A positive correlation was found between beta diversity and distances among the localities (r²=0.5844, p<0.05). Faunal similarities among sites were low, and the highest value found was 0.4146 by Sörensen index and 0.2615 by Jaccard index.

Key words: Lepidoptera, moths, Brazilian savannas, biodiversity, similarity.

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AGRADECIMENTOS. À Companhia de Promoção Agrícola (CAMPO) e à Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) por terem financiado este estudo. Às Cooperativas Agrícolas: COTIA; COPAMIL; COACERAL e BATAVO, pelo fornecimento das estruturas de campo durante as coletas. Ao Dr. Vítor O. Becker pelo auxílio na identificação do material. Aos Srs. Wellington Cavalcanti, Joaquim Afonso P. Maciel, João Batista dos Santos, Antônio Lisboa de L. Gomes e Marcos S. Ferreira (Embrapa Cerrados), pelo auxílio nos trabalhos de campo e laboratório.

Recebido em 31.X.1997; aceito em 22.III.1999.

¹
Ab'Saber, A.N. 1977. Os domínios morfoclimáticos da América do Sul. Primeira aproximação. Geomorfologia 52:1-21.
______. 1983. O domínio dos Cerrados: uma introdução ao conhecimento. Revta Serv. Púb., Brasília, 40 (111):41-55.
Adámoli, J.; J. Macedo; L.G. Azevedo & J.Madeira Neto. 1986. Caracterização da região dos Cerrados, p.33-74. In: W.J. Goedert (Ed.). Solos dos Cerrados: tecnologias e estratégias de manejo. São Paulo, Nobel e Brasília, Embrapa, XV+422p.
Alho, C.J.R. 1994. Distribuição da Fauna num Gradiente de Recursos em Mosaico, p.213-262. In: M.N. Pinto (Ed.). Cerrado: caracterização, ocupação e perspectivas. Brasília, Sematec, Univ. de Brasília, XXI+657p.
Brown, K.S. Jr. & O.H.H. Mielke. 1967a. Lepidoptera of the Central Brazil Plateau. I. Preliminary list of Rhopalocera: Introduction, Nymphalidae, Libytheidae. Jour. Lep. Soc. 21 (2):77-106.
______. 1967b. Lepidoptera of the Central Brazil Plateau. I. Preliminary list of Rhopalocera (continued): Lycaenidae, Pieridae, Papilionidae, Hesperiidae. Jour. Lep. Soc. 21 (3):145-168.
Costa, C.C.C.; J.P. Lima; L.D. Cardoso & V.Q. Henriques. 1981. Fauna do Cerrado: lista preliminar de aves, mamíferos e répteis. Rio de Janeiro, IBGE, V+189p.
Dias, B.F. de S. 1992. Cerrados: Uma caracterização, p.7-26. In: B.F. de S. Dias (Ed.). Alternativas de Desenvolvimento dos Cerrados: Manejo e Conservação dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis. Brasília, Univ. Brasília, Ibama, Funatura, I+97p.
Felfili, M.J.; M. Haridassan; R.C. Mendonça; T.S. Filgueiras; M.C. da Silva Jr. & A.V. Rezende. 1994. Projeto biogeografia do bioma Cerrado: vegetação e solos. Caderno de Geociências, Rio de Janeiro, 12:75-166.
Jaccard, P. 1912. The distribution of the flora in the alpine zone. Nerophytal 11:37-50.
Magurran, A.E. 1988. Ecological Diversity and its measurement. Princeton, New jersey, VI+179p.
Margalef, R. 1972. Homage to Evelyn Hutchinson, or why is there an upper limit to diversity. Trans. Connect. Acad. Arts Sci. 44:211-235.
______. 1991. Ecologia. Barcelona, Omega, XXVII+951p.
Marinho-Filho, J.; M.L. Reis; P.S. Oliveira; E.M. Vieira & M.V. Paes. 1994. Diversity standards and small mammal numbers: conservation of the cerrado biodiversity. An. Acad. Brasil. Ciêncais 66 (Supl. 1):149-157.
Marinho-Filho, J.S. 1992. Biogeografia, p.65-68. In: B.F. de S. Dias (Ed.). Alternativas de Desenvolvimento dos Cerrados: Manejo e Conservação dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis. Brasília, Univ. Brasília, Ibama, Funatura, V+97p.
Mielke, O.H.H. 1968. Lepidoptera of the Central Brazil Plateau. II. New genera, species, and subspecies of Hesperiidae. Jour. Lep. Soc. 22 (1):1-20.
Pinheiro, C.E.G. & J.V.C. Ortiz. 1992. Communities of fruit-feeding butterflies along a vegetation gradient in central Brazil. Jour. Biogeog., Oxford, 19:505-511.
Preston, F.W. 1948. The commonness and rarify of species. Ecology 29:254-283.
______. 1960. Time and space and the variation of species. Ecology 41:611-627.
Ratter, J. & T.C. Dargie. 1992. An analysis of the floristic composition of 26 cerrado areas in Brazil. Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburg 49 (2):235-250.
Ratter, J.; S. BRIDGEWATER; R. Atkinson & J.F. Ribeiro. 1996. Analysis of the floristic composition of the Brazilian cerrado vegetation II: comparison of the woody vegetation of 98 areas. Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburg 53 (2):153-180.
Redford, K. H. & G.A.B. Fonseca. 1986. The role of gallery forests in the zoogeography of the cerrado's non-volant mammalian fauna. Biotropica 18:126-135.
Ribeiro, J.F. & J.C.S. Silva. 1996. Manutenção e recuperação da biodiversidade do bioma Cerrado: o uso de plantas nativas, p. 10-14. In: Anais of the 1^stInternational Symposium on Tropical Savannas and VIII. Simpósio sobre o Cerrado, Brasília. Brasília, Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Cerrados-CPAC, Embrapa, 508p.
Sick, H. 1965. A fauna do cerrado. Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 12:71-93.
Silva, J.M. da. 1995a. Biogeographic analysis of the South American Cerrado avifauna. Steenstrupia 21:49-67.
______. 1995b. Birds of the Cerrado Region, South America. Steenstrupia 21:69-92.
Silveira Neto, S.; O. Nakano; D. Bahiarbin & N.A. Villa Nova. 1976. Manual de ecologia dos insetos. São Paulo, Agonômica Ceres, VI+419p.
Sörensen, T. 1948. A method of establishing groups of equal amplitude in plant sociology based an similarity of species. K. Danske Videnske Selsk 5:1-34.
Thomas, A.W. & G.M. Thomas. 1994. Sampling strategies for estimating moth species diversity using a light trap in a northeastern softwood forest. Jour. Lep. Soc. 48 (2):95-105.
Vanzolini, P.E. 1963. Problemas faunísticos do Cerrado, p.305-321. In: M.G. FerrI (Ed.). Simpósio sobre o Cerrado. São Paulo, Univ. de São Paulo, X+424p.
Whittaker, R.H. 1960. Vegetation of the Siskiyou mountains, Oregon and California. Ecol. Monogr. 30:279-338.

1

Projeto financiado pela Japan International Cooperation Agency, através da Companhia de Promoção Agrícola.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
01 Jul 2009
Data do Fascículo
Jun 1999

Histórico

Aceito
22 Mar 1999
Recebido
31 Out 1997

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ¹
Ab'Saber, A.N. 1977. Os domínios morfoclimáticos da América do Sul. Primeira aproximação. Geomorfologia 52:1-21.

[2] ______. 1983. O domínio dos Cerrados: uma introdução ao conhecimento. Revta Serv. Púb., Brasília, 40 (111):41-55.

[3] Adámoli, J.; J. Macedo; L.G. Azevedo & J.Madeira Neto. 1986. Caracterização da região dos Cerrados, p.33-74. In: W.J. Goedert (Ed.). Solos dos Cerrados: tecnologias e estratégias de manejo. São Paulo, Nobel e Brasília, Embrapa, XV+422p.

[4] Alho, C.J.R. 1994. Distribuição da Fauna num Gradiente de Recursos em Mosaico, p.213-262. In: M.N. Pinto (Ed.). Cerrado: caracterização, ocupação e perspectivas. Brasília, Sematec, Univ. de Brasília, XXI+657p.

[5] Brown, K.S. Jr. & O.H.H. Mielke. 1967a. Lepidoptera of the Central Brazil Plateau. I. Preliminary list of Rhopalocera: Introduction, Nymphalidae, Libytheidae. Jour. Lep. Soc. 21 (2):77-106.

[6] ______. 1967b. Lepidoptera of the Central Brazil Plateau. I. Preliminary list of Rhopalocera (continued): Lycaenidae, Pieridae, Papilionidae, Hesperiidae. Jour. Lep. Soc. 21 (3):145-168.

[7] Costa, C.C.C.; J.P. Lima; L.D. Cardoso & V.Q. Henriques. 1981. Fauna do Cerrado: lista preliminar de aves, mamíferos e répteis. Rio de Janeiro, IBGE, V+189p.

[8] Dias, B.F. de S. 1992. Cerrados: Uma caracterização, p.7-26. In: B.F. de S. Dias (Ed.). Alternativas de Desenvolvimento dos Cerrados: Manejo e Conservação dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis. Brasília, Univ. Brasília, Ibama, Funatura, I+97p.

[9] Felfili, M.J.; M. Haridassan; R.C. Mendonça; T.S. Filgueiras; M.C. da Silva Jr. & A.V. Rezende. 1994. Projeto biogeografia do bioma Cerrado: vegetação e solos. Caderno de Geociências, Rio de Janeiro, 12:75-166.

[10] Jaccard, P. 1912. The distribution of the flora in the alpine zone. Nerophytal 11:37-50.

[11] Magurran, A.E. 1988. Ecological Diversity and its measurement. Princeton, New jersey, VI+179p.

[12] Margalef, R. 1972. Homage to Evelyn Hutchinson, or why is there an upper limit to diversity. Trans. Connect. Acad. Arts Sci. 44:211-235.

[13] ______. 1991. Ecologia. Barcelona, Omega, XXVII+951p.

[14] Marinho-Filho, J.; M.L. Reis; P.S. Oliveira; E.M. Vieira & M.V. Paes. 1994. Diversity standards and small mammal numbers: conservation of the cerrado biodiversity. An. Acad. Brasil. Ciêncais 66 (Supl. 1):149-157.

[15] Marinho-Filho, J.S. 1992. Biogeografia, p.65-68. In: B.F. de S. Dias (Ed.). Alternativas de Desenvolvimento dos Cerrados: Manejo e Conservação dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis. Brasília, Univ. Brasília, Ibama, Funatura, V+97p.

[16] Mielke, O.H.H. 1968. Lepidoptera of the Central Brazil Plateau. II. New genera, species, and subspecies of Hesperiidae. Jour. Lep. Soc. 22 (1):1-20.

[17] Pinheiro, C.E.G. & J.V.C. Ortiz. 1992. Communities of fruit-feeding butterflies along a vegetation gradient in central Brazil. Jour. Biogeog., Oxford, 19:505-511.

[18] Preston, F.W. 1948. The commonness and rarify of species. Ecology 29:254-283.

[19] ______. 1960. Time and space and the variation of species. Ecology 41:611-627.

[20] Ratter, J. & T.C. Dargie. 1992. An analysis of the floristic composition of 26 cerrado areas in Brazil. Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburg 49 (2):235-250.

[21] Ratter, J.; S. BRIDGEWATER; R. Atkinson & J.F. Ribeiro. 1996. Analysis of the floristic composition of the Brazilian cerrado vegetation II: comparison of the woody vegetation of 98 areas. Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburg 53 (2):153-180.

[22] Redford, K. H. & G.A.B. Fonseca. 1986. The role of gallery forests in the zoogeography of the cerrado's non-volant mammalian fauna. Biotropica 18:126-135.

[23] Ribeiro, J.F. & J.C.S. Silva. 1996. Manutenção e recuperação da biodiversidade do bioma Cerrado: o uso de plantas nativas, p. 10-14. In: Anais of the 1^stInternational Symposium on Tropical Savannas and VIII. Simpósio sobre o Cerrado, Brasília. Brasília, Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Cerrados-CPAC, Embrapa, 508p.

[24] Sick, H. 1965. A fauna do cerrado. Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 12:71-93.

[25] Silva, J.M. da. 1995a. Biogeographic analysis of the South American Cerrado avifauna. Steenstrupia 21:49-67.

[26] ______. 1995b. Birds of the Cerrado Region, South America. Steenstrupia 21:69-92.

[27] Silveira Neto, S.; O. Nakano; D. Bahiarbin & N.A. Villa Nova. 1976. Manual de ecologia dos insetos. São Paulo, Agonômica Ceres, VI+419p.

[28] Sörensen, T. 1948. A method of establishing groups of equal amplitude in plant sociology based an similarity of species. K. Danske Videnske Selsk 5:1-34.

[29] Thomas, A.W. & G.M. Thomas. 1994. Sampling strategies for estimating moth species diversity using a light trap in a northeastern softwood forest. Jour. Lep. Soc. 48 (2):95-105.

[30] Vanzolini, P.E. 1963. Problemas faunísticos do Cerrado, p.305-321. In: M.G. FerrI (Ed.). Simpósio sobre o Cerrado. São Paulo, Univ. de São Paulo, X+424p.

[31] Whittaker, R.H. 1960. Vegetation of the Siskiyou mountains, Oregon and California. Ecol. Monogr. 30:279-338.