Profile of occupational accidents with children and adolescents in Brazil from 2011 to 2020

Hennington, Élida Azevedo; Rezende, Flávio Astolpho Vieira Souto

doi:10.1590/2317-6369/20622en2023v48edepi4

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Revista Brasileira de Saúde Ocupacional

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Research Article/Dossier Epidemiology, Health and Work • Rev. bras. saúde ocup. 48 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-6369/20622en2023v48edepi4 copy

Profile of occupational accidents with children and adolescents in Brazil from 2011 to 2020

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

to describe the profile of occupational accidents involving children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years in Brazil, in the period from 2011 to 2020.

Methods:

descriptive study based on data from the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN - Notifiable Diseases Information System) and from the Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM - Mortality Information System).

Results:

from 2011 to 2020, a total of 24,909 cases of occupational accidents involving minors under 18 years of age were registered on SINAN. Most of these cases occurred with males (82.3%), aged 16 to 17 years (84.6%), whites (44.0%), mainly within “Service workers” job titles subgroup as assigned by Brazilian Classification of Occupations. Almost half of the accidents affected the hands and upper limbs (48.7%) and the main diagnosis was “fist and hand injury” (17.7%). A total of 466 deaths were registered in that time period, with 15.9% referring to deaths of children aged 5 to 13 years.

Conclusion:

registers show records of occupational accidents and deaths related to child labor, including those involving children under 14 years of age, a group in which work is prohibited. It is necessary to ensure the development of research and actions that contribute to the elimination of child labor.

Keywords:
occupational accidents; descriptive epidemiology; child labor; occupational mortality; occupational health

*SINAN variables*		*Age group (years)*
		*5-13*		*14-15*		*16-17*		*Total*
		n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
*Total*		*792*	*3.2*	*3,033*	*12.2*	*21,084*	*84.6*	*24,909*	*100.0*
Sex
	Male	668	84.4	2,616	86.3	17,204	0.8	20,488	82.3
	Female	123	15.5	417	13.7	3,876	0.2	4,416	17.7
	Unknown	1	0.1	-	-	4	0.0	5	0.0
	Blank	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Race/Skin Color
	White	235	29.7	1,179	38.9	9,557	45.3	10,971	44.0
	Black/Brown	453	57.2	1,300	42.9	6,419	30.4	8,172	32.8
	Others	13	1.6	37	1.2	132	0.6	182	0.7
	Unknown	67	8.5	429	14.1	4,246	20.1	4,742	19.0
	Blank	24	3.0	88	2.9	730	3.5	842	3.4
Occupational status
	Formal employee	122	15.4	751	24.8	11,325	53.7	12,198	49.0
	Informal employee	150	18.9	954	31.5	3,958	18.8	5,062	20.3
	Self-employed	86	10.9	354	11.7	1,427	6.8	1,867	7.5
	Temporary labor	23	2.9	152	5.0	476	2.3	651	2.6
	Cooperative	4	0.5	14	0.5	97	0.5	115	0.5
	Freelance worker	24	3.0	103	3.4	345	1.6	472	1.9
	Others	231	29.2	325	10.7	927	4.4	1,483	6.0
	Unknown	100	12.6	237	7.8	1,512	7.2	1,849	7.4
	Blank	52	6.6	143	4.7	1,017	4.8	1,212	4.9
Main CBO Groups
	Service workers	65	8.2	257	8.5	2,890	13.7	3,212	12.9
	Cross-functional workers	23	2.9	178	5.9	2,343	11.1	2,544	10.2
	Office workers	21	2.7	188	6.2	1,963	9.3	2,172	8.7
	Sellers and commerce service providers	20	2.5	176	5.8	1,812	8.6	2,008	8.1
	Mining and construction workers	45	5.7	234	7.7	1,448	6.9	1,727	6.9
	Farm workers	78	9.8	283	9.3	1,123	5.3	1,484	6.0
	Metals and composites processing workers	23	2.9	157	5.2	921	4.4	1,101	4.4
	Food, beverage and tobacco manufacturing workers	25	3.2	98	3.2	836	4.0	959	3.9
	Mechanical repair and maintenance service workers	14	1.8	146	4.8	736	3.5	896	3.6
	Textile, tanning, clothing and graphic arts industries workers	6	0.8	90	3.0	762	3.6	858	3.4
*SIM variables*		*Age group in years*
		*5-13*		*14-15*		*16-17*		*Total*
		n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
*Total*		74	*15.9*	89	*19.1*	*303*	*65.0*	*466*	*100*
Sex
	Male	55	74.3	71	79.8	280	92.4	406	87.1
	Female	19	25.7	18	20.2	23	7.6	60	12.9
	Unknown	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Blank	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Race/Skin Color
	White	25	33.8	32	36.0	130	42.9	187	40.1
	Black/Brown	47	63.5	55	61.8	160	52.8	262	56.2
	Others	2	2.7	-	-	4	1.3	6	1.3
	Unknown	-	-	-	-	1	0.3	1	0.2
	Blank	-	-	2	2.2	8	2.6	10	2.1
Main CBO Groups
	Service workers	-	-	3	3.4	17	5.6	20	4.3
	Farm workers	1	1.4	2	2.2	16	5.3	19	4.1
	Mining and construction workers	1	1.4	1	1.1	13	4.3	15	3.2
	Office workers	-	-	-	-	10	3.3	10	2.1
	Farmers	-	-	1	1.1	7	2.3	8	1.7
	Metals and composites processing workers	-	-	1	1.1	5	1.7	6	1.3
	Cross-functional workers	-	-	-	-	6	2.0	6	1.3
	Mechanical repair and maintenance service workers	-	-	1	1.1	4	1.3	5	1.1
	Other conservation, maintenance and repair workers	-	-	-	-	5	1.7	5	1.1
	Fishermen and forest extractivists	-	-	-	-	4	1.3	4	0.9
Main basic causes
	V01-V99 Transport accidents	36	48.6	41	46.1	136	44.9	213	45.7
	W00-X59 Other external causes of accidental injuries	35	47.3	43	48.3	161	53.1	239	51.3
	X60-X84 Voluntary self-injury	1	1.4	-	-	-	-	1	0.2
	X85-Y09 Assaults	1	1.4	1	1.1	6	2.0	8	1.7
	Y10-Y34 Events whose intent is undetermined	1	1.4	3	3.4	-	-	4	0.9
	Y60-Y69 Accidents with patients during medical and surgical care	-	-	1	1.1	-	-	1	0.2

*Male*
*Categories*	n	%
Student	1,766	8.6
Unknown	1,298	6.3
Packer by hand	1,017	5.0
Shelf filler	896	4.4
Farm worker in general	795	3.9
Production line feeding workers	669	3.3
Others	14,047	68.6
*Female*
*Categories*	n	%
Cafeteria Attendant	531	12.0
Student	407	9.2
Unknown	354	8.0
Retail seller	308	7.0
Packer by hand	253	5.7
Office Assistant, General	246	5.6
Others	2,317	52.5

*SINAN variables*		*Age group (years)*
		*5-13*		*14-15*		*16-17*		*Total*
		n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
*Total*		*792*	*3.2*	*3,033*	*12.2*	*21,084*	*84.6*	*24,909*	*100.0*
Type of accident
	Typical	577	72.9	2,286	75.4	15,423	73.2	18,286	73.4
	Route	105	13.3	474	15.6	3,855	18.3	4,434	17.8
	Unknown	59	7.4	117	3.9	785	3.7	961	3.9
	Blank	51	6.4	156	5.1	1,021	4.8	1,228	4.9
Place of accident
	Employer’s facilities.	269	34.0	1,636	53.9	13,107	62.2	15,012	60.3
	Public road	127	16.0	541	17.8	4,062	19.3	4,730	19.0
	Third Party Facilities	55	6.9	231	7.6	1,077	5.1	1,363	5.5
	Own domicile	214	27.0	310	10.2	669	3.2	1,193	4.8
	Unknown	110	13.9	247	8.1	1,562	7.4	1,919	7.7
	Blank	17	2.1	68	2.2	607	2.9	692	2.8
Treatment regimen
	Hospital	355	44.8	1,239	40.9	6,258	29.7	7,852	31.5
	Outpatient clinic	296	37.4	1,378	45.4	11,606	55.0	13,280	53.3
	Both	43	5.4	125	4.1	998	4.7	1,166	4.7
	Unknown	47	5.9	129	4.3	1,029	4.9	1,205	4.8
	Blank	51	6.4	162	5.3	1,193	5.7	1,406	5.6
Evolution
	Cure	299	37.8	1,161	38.3	8,188	38.8	9,648	38.7
	Temporary disability	286	36.1	1,269	41.8	8,545	40.5	10,100	40.5
	Partial disability	48	6.1	119	3.9	497	2.4	664	2.7
	Permanent total disability	8	1.0	14	0.5	52	0.2	74	0.3
	Death from major accident	16	2.0	50	1.6	177	0.8	243	1.0
	Death from other causes	2	0.3	4	0.1	17	0.1	23	0.1
	Other	14	1.8	33	1.1	210	1.0	257	1.0
	Unknown	77	9.7	257	8.5	2,550	12.1	2,884	11.6
	Blank	42	5.3	126	4.2	848	4.0	1,016	4.1
Body part
	1. Eye	26	2.5	131	3.7	889	3.7	1,046	3.7
	2. Head	84	8.0	289	8.3	1,875	7.9	2,248	7.9
	3. Neck	18	1.7	35	1.0	248	1.0	301	1.1
	4. Chest	35	3.3	104	3.0	647	2.7	786	2.8
	5. Abdomen	21	2.0	63	1.8	332	1.4	416	1.5
	6. Hand	262	25.0	1,176	33.6	8,066	34.0	9,504	33.6
	7. Upper limbs	128	12.2	485	13.9	3,655	15.4	4,268	15.1
	8. Lower Limbs	130	12.4	486	13.9	3,270	13.8	3,886	13.7
	9. Foot	96	9.2	319	9.1	2,175	9.2	2,590	9.2
	10. Full body	49	4.7	103	2.9	460	1.9	612	2.2
	11. Other	39	3.7	148	4.2	1,364	5.7	1,551	5.5
	99. Unknown	161	15.3	158	4.5	767	3.2	1,086	3.8
*Total*		*1,049*	*100.0*	*3,497*	100.0	*23,748*	*100.0*	*28,294*	*100.0*
Cause of accident (ICD-10 - External causes)
Y96 - Work-related condition		241	30.4	619	20.4	3,645	17.3	4,505	18.1
W31 - Contact with other and unspecified machinery		41	5.2	249	8.2	1,469	7.0	1,759	7.1
W20 - Struck by thrown, projected or falling object(s)		24	3.0	151	5.0	1,198	5.7	1,373	5.5
W23 - Caught, crushed, jammed or pinched in or between objects		29	3.7	150	4.9	1,163	5.5	1,342	5.4
W22 - Striking against or struck by other object(s)		9	1.1	96	3.2	921	4.4	1,026	4.1
W26 - Contact with other sharp object(s)		26	3.3	100	3.3	839	4.0	965	3.9
W01 - Fall on same level from slipping, tripping or stumbling		16	2.0	84	2.8	804	3.8	904	3.6
W27 - Contact with nonpowered hand tool		21	2.7	126	4.2	633	3.0	780	3.1
W29 - Contact with other powered hand tools and household machinery		24	3.0	87	2.9	508	2.4	619	2.5
V23 - Motorcycle rider injured in collision with car, pickup truck or van		7	0.9	57	1.9	529	2.5	593	2.4
W10 - Fall on and from stairs and steps		4	0.5	36	1.2	457	2.2	497	2.0
Main diagnoses of injury (ICD-10)
S61 - Open wound of wrist and hand		73	9.2	478	15.8	3,864	18.3	4,415	17.7
Y96 Work-related condition		112	14.1	285	9.4	1,202	5.7	1,599	6.4
S60 - Superficial injury of wrist and hand		11	1.4	127	4.2	1,105	5.2	1,243	5.0
S62 - Fracture at wrist and hand level		42	5.3	162	5.3	943	4.5	1,147	4.6
S90 - Superficial injury of ankle and foot		8	1.0	56	1.8	605	2.9	669	2.7
S68 - Traumatic amputation of wrist and hand		50	6.3	113	3.7	476	2.3	639	2.6
S01 - Open wound of head		10	1.3	91	3.0	524	2.5	625	2.5
S91 - Open wound of ankle and foot		29	3.7	91	3.0	462	2.2	582	2.3
S93 - Dislocation, sprain and strain of joints and ligaments at ankle and foot level		8	1.0	39	1.3	521	2.5	568	2.3
S80 - Superficial injury of lower leg		5	0.6	38	1.3	426	2.0	469	1.9
S81 - Open wound of lowerleg		20	2.5	54	1.8	375	1.8	449	1.8

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[1] Corresponding author: Élida Azevedo Hennington E-mail: elida.hennington@fiocruz.br