Mother-child bonding, environment, and motor development of babies at risk accompanied by a follow-up

Chaves, Kellen Yamille dos Santos; Campos, Mara Marusia Martins Sampaio; Nobre, Rivianny Arrais

doi:10.1590/1806-93042021000400004

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Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. Bras. Saude Mater. Infant. 21 (4) • Oct-Dec 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042021000400004 copy

Mother-child bonding, environment, and motor development of babies at risk accompanied by a follow-up

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objectives:

to identify factors resulting from the correlation between mother-child bonding, environment, and infant motor development (MD).

Methods:

a cross-sectional study was conducted with 130 mothers/guardians and their infants at risk from 3 to 12 months of age, accompanied in an outpatient clinic follow-up at a public maternity. The data were collected using a form with socioeconomic data, mother/child routine at the hospital and home environments, and three other instruments validated in Brazil: Protocolo de Avaliação do Vínculo Mãe-Filho (Mother-Child Bonding Evaluation Protocol), Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development – Infant Scale, and Escala Motora Infantil de Alberta (Alberta Infant Motor Scale). Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and a significance level of 5% was used for the correlation.

Results:

the data showed a predominance of preterm babies (74.5%), low-income families (86.2%), and domestic opportunities below the adequate (93.8%) for good motor development. Regarding the mother-child bonding, 60% of the mothers showed a strong bonding with their children. A total of 62.3% of the children had typical motor development. Concerning the interaction between variables, statistical significance (p˂0.05) was observed in the correlation between bonding and typical motor development.

Conclusion:

despite the presence of risk factors, motor development was normal in most of the babies in this study, suggesting that the mother-child bonding favored motor development even with environmental and biological adversities.

Key words:
Child development; Motor skills; Object attachment; Environmental impact

	N=130	%
Corrected gestational age (months)
3-5	85	65.4
6-8	15	11.5
9-12	30	23.1
Gestational age at birth (weeks)
≤29	37	28.4
30-35	60	46.1
≥36	33	25.5
Sex
Male	74	56.9
Female	56	43.1
Length of hospital stay (months)
1	46	35.4
≥1	84	64.6
Attend daycare
Yes	0	-
No	130	100.0
Motor development
Typical	81	62.3
Atypical	49	37.7

	N=130	%
Kinship with the baby
Biological mother	121	93.1
Others	9	6.9
Socioeconomic classification
D-E	46	35.4
C1-C2	66	50.8
B1-B2	17	13.0
A1-A2	1	0.8
Schooling
Incomplete primary school	27	20.8
Complete primary school	8	6.2
Incomplete high school	22	16.9
Complete high school	56	43.1
Incomplete higher education	6	4,5
Complete higher education	11	8.5
Does the mother have a paying job?
Yes	36	27.7
No	94	72.3
Does the mother visit the baby in the hospital?
Yes	126	96.9
No	4	3.1
Frequency of hospital visits to the baby
Daily	107	82.3
3-5 times per week	12	9.2
1-2 times per week	7	5.4
No visits	4	3.1
Maternal participation in the care of the hospitalized baby
Present	107	82.3
Absent	23	17.7
How many hours does the mother/caregiver take care of the baby throughout the day?
All day	109	83.8
Morning and afternoon	8	6.2
Only 1 shift (morning, afternoon, or evening)	13	10.0
Mother-child bonding
Strong	78	60.0
Weak	52	40.0
Difficult maternal childhood (emotional, socioeconomic deprivation)
Yes	69	53.1
No	61	46.9
Personal dissatisfaction
Yes	35	26.9
No	95	73.1
Perinatal complication
Yes	119	91.5
No	11	8.5
Mother-baby separation for a long period of time
Yes	116	89.2
No	14	10.8
Emotional problems during pregnancy (depression, anxiety)
Yes	63	48.5
No	67	51.5

	Typical Motor Development	Atypical Motor Development	Total
≤29 weeks	21	16	37
≤29 weeks	56.8%	43.2%	100.0%
30-35 weeks	37	23	60
30-35 weeks	61.7%	38.3%	100.0%
≥36 weeks	23	10	33
≥36 weeks	69.7%	30.3%	100.0%
Total	81	49	130
Total	62.3%	37.7%%	100.0%

	Typical MD			Atypical MD			Total
	≥29w GA	30-35w GA	≥36w GA	≥29w GA	30-35w GA	≥36w GA	Total
Less than/Moderately adequate	19	35	20	15	23	10	122
Less than/Moderately adequate	90.5%	94.6%	87%	93.8%	100.0%	100.0%
Adequate/Excellent environment	2	2	3	1	0	0	8
	9.5%	5.4%	13%	6.3%	-	-
	21	37	23	16	23	10	130

	Typical MD		Atypical MD		Total
	≥29w GA	30-3 5w GA	≥36w GA	≥29w GA	Total	30-35w GA	≥36w GA
Strong bonding	16	32	17	7	3	3	78
Strong bonding	76.2%	86.5%	73.9%	43.8%	13%	30%
Weak bonding	5	5	6	9	20	7	52
	23.8%	13.5%	26.1%	56.3%	87%	70%
	21	37	23	16	23	10	130

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[1] Authors’ contribution

Chaves KYS and Nobre RA contributed to the study design. MMMS and Chaves KYS performed the data collection and analysis. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript and are publicly responsible for the content of the article.