Algal extract and proline promote physiological changes in mango trees during shoot maturation

Cunha, Jenilton Gomes da; Cavalcante, Ítalo Herbert Lucena; Silva, Luan dos Santos; Silva, Marcelle Almeida da; Sousa, Kellem Ângela Oliveira de; Paiva Neto, Vespasiano Borges de

doi:10.1590/0100-29452022854

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Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura

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Botany and Physiology • Rev. Bras. Frutic. 44 (3) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452022854 copy

Algal extract and proline promote physiological changes in mango trees during shoot maturation

Extrato de algas e prolina promovem alterações fisiológicas em plantas de mangueira durante a maturação de ramos

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Abstract

Water stress should be adequately managed during shoot maturation to improve the floral induction of mango grown in semi-arid regions. In this scenario, proline association with algal extracts has a potential stress-mitigating effect. However, even though this practice has been reported separately for some crops, its effects on mango are still unknown. From this perspective, this study investigated the role of proline and algal extract in mitigation of water deficit effects during shoot maturation of the mango variety ‘Tommy Atkins’ grown in the tropical semi-arid region. The study consisted of five consecutive individual experiments (five foliar application treatments) in a randomized block design and a 4 x 2 factorial corresponding to i) four proline concentrations (Pro): 0.0% (without proline), 0.287, 0.575, and 1.150%, and ii) the presence of algal extract (AE) (presence and absence). The following parameters were evaluated: photosynthetic pigments, soluble carbohydrates, photochemical and non-photochemical efficiency, and flowering and production uniformity. Carotenoids were interactively affected by the factors evaluated. On the other hand, as additive effects, proline provided the highest values of gas exchange and total soluble carbohydrates, with a higher internal CO2 concentration and greater flowering uniformity. The application of proline and the algal extract of A. nodosum promoted different responses in mango physiology and can be used during shoot maturation.

Index terms
Ascophyllum nodosum; total soluble carbohydrates; photoprotective pigments; flowering uniformity

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[TFN0101] ^*
Soil and leaf macro and micronutrient contents were determined according to the methodology of Teixeira et al. (2017). Extraction methods – soil: M.O: volumetric method; P, K, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn: Mehlich (Hcl + H2SO4); Ca, Mg, and Al: KCl 1 mol L-1.Extraction methods - leaves: N: Kjeldahl; P: Spectrometry with vanadate yellow; K: flame photometry; Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, Zn, and Mn: atomic absorption spectrophotometry; B: Spectrophotometry with azomethine-H.

Soil
pH	M.O	P	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	H+Al³⁺	SB	V
H₂O	g kg^-1	mg dm^-3	^{__________________________}cmol_c/dm^{3____________________}							%
6.6	8.9	114	0.24	0.05	4.9	1.7	0.0	1.12	6.89	86
Leaves
N	P	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	B	Cu	Fe²⁺	Mn	Zn	Na
^{______________________}g kg^{-1_______________________}					^{______________________}mg kg^-1^{___________________________}
16.8	1.03	7.50	26.0	3.3	198	198	183	520	113	130

'F' value
Sources of Variation	Chlorophyll a	Chlorophyll b	Total chlorophyll	Carotenoids	Total soluble carbohydrates
Sources of Variation	--------------------------mg g^-1 MF-------------------------------				µmolg^-1 MF
Experiment 1
A. Extract (AE)	1.05^ns	0.31^ns	0.20^ns	0.04^ns	5.68*
Absence	1.41	0.51	1.92	0.59	134.14 a
Presence	1.28	0.56	1.84	0.60	127.69 b
Proline (Pro)	2.12^ns	1.93^ns	2.92^ns	4.20*	154.99**
AE x Pro	2.22^ns	0.97^ns	2.25^ns	3.10*	88.20**
CV (%)	26.91	48.77	26.28	20.42	5.85
Experiment 2
A. Extract (AE)	2.82^ns	1.58^ns	3.84^ns	3.63^ns	1.12^ns
Absence	1.41	0.49	1.90	0.59	133.59
Presence	1.61	0.54	2.16	0.66	121.36
Proline (Pro)	1.12^ns	1.09^ns	0.63^ns	0.60^ns	0.16^ns
AE x Pro	0.18^ns	4.60^ns	0.69^ns	0.89^ns	0.26^ns
CV (%)	22.02	23.79	17.99	0.0702	25.62
Experiment 3
A. Extract (AE)	0.06^ns	0.31^ns	0.20^ns	1.45^ns	2.44^ns
Absence	1.61	0.61	2.12	0.61	159.69
Presence	1.62	0.57	2.20	0.66	134.59
Proline (Pro)	1.08^ns	0.75^ns	1.65^ns	2.28^ns	1.65^ns
AE x Pro	1.69^ns	0.53^ns	1.60^ns	2.25^ns	0.85^ns
CV (%)	18.49	30.44	24.49	18.17	30.88
Experiment 4
A. Extract (AE)	3.06^ns	3.33^ns	0.27^ns	0.33^ns	0.16^ns
Absence	1.15	1.01	2.16	0.60	166.50
Presence	1.46	0.57	2.04	0.63	160.08
Proline (Pro)	0.46^ns	0.78^ns	0.22^ns	0.68^ns	0.69^ns
AE x Pro	0.50^ns	0.83^ns	0.51^ns	0.66^ns	2.01^ns
CV (%)	38.61	84.69	31.43	27.64	27.27
Experiment 5
A. Extract (AE)	7.03*	0.68^ns	0.27^ns	2.20^ns	3.85*
Absence	1.43 b	0.61	2.04	0.47	211.91 a
Presence	1.74 a	0.69	2.43	0.55	185.02 b
Proline (Pro)	1.24^ns	0.19^ns	0.22^ns	0.46^ns	1.70^ns
AE x Pro	0.61^ns	1.49^ns	0.51^ns	0.50^ns	0.33^ns
CV (%)	20.68	41.41	31.43	29.58	19.52

Chlorophyll a	Chlorophyll b	Total chlorophyll	Carotenoids	TSC
^{_________________________}mg g^-1 FM^{_________________________}				µmolg^-1 FM
1.06	0.97	2.03	0.69	127.21

	Value 'F'
Sources of Variation	A	gs	E	Ci	Eic	Fv/Fm	qP	NPQ
A. Extract (AE)	0.18^ns	0.18^ns	0.04^ns	4.57*	4.74^ns	0.084^ns	0.004^ns	1.43^ns
Absence	3.46	0.02	1.63	170.64 a	0.027	0.46	0.22	1.85
Presence	3.62	0.02	1.65	132.33 b	0.020	0.44	0.22	1.75
Proline (Pro)	3.76*	1.55^ns	4.39*	1.42^ns	3.49^ns	1.552^ns	0.29^ns	1.28^ns
AE x Pro	16.51**	5.94**	15.04**	0.97^ns	1.90^ns	3.107*	0.51^ns	4.92*
CV %	29.82	47.52	29.46	33.45	47.47	25.57	33.44	12.46

	'F' value
Sources of Variation	Flowering uniformity	Fruits per panicle	Yield	Productivity
	%	-	Kg planta^-1	t ha^-1
A. Extract (AE)	58.57**	3.39^ns	1.89^ns	1.89^ns
Absence	26.67 b	1.56	65.15	10.16
Presence	48.53 a	1.91	78.96	12.31
Proline (Pro)	1.98^ns	0.65^ns	0.39^ns	0.39^ns
AE x Pro	2.72^ns	0.29^ns	0.52^ns	0.52^ns
CV (%)	21.54	29.53	39.43	39.43