Evaluation of varieties and hybrid selections of mango in the brazilian semi-arid region

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and select superior mango genotypes using the mixed-models approach. The 16 genotypes, varieties and hybrid selections, were evaluated regarding physical and physical-chemical traits of the fruit using the REML/BLUP methodology. Mango fruit weight and pulp weight can be selected indirectly based on fruit length and diameter, which are more easily evaluated. The hybrids CPAC 26394, Lita, and Rosa 46 stand out in regard to fruit size. The genotypes R12P09, CPAC 2293, Roxa, Omega, Alfa, and Lita have better quality fruit than the Tommy Atkins variety that is widely used in commercial orchards. The Roxa variety has pulp with little or no fiber, a trait that is of great importance to consumers and for industrial processing. The genotypes Alfa, CPAC 5895, Ômega, R10P08, R12P09, R13P10, Rosa 2, Rosa 36, and Rosa 46 have pulp free of internal breakdown. The varieties and hybrid selections of mango show variability regarding fruit traits, and the REML/BLUP methodology is efficient for selection of genotypes with desirable fruit traits in mango.

Index terms
Genetic correlation; genetic gain; heritability; Mangifera indica L.

Authorship

Carlos Humberto Aires Matos Filho Carlos Humberto Aires Matos Filho E-mail:carloshumberto@ufpi.edu.br

Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil. Universidade Federal do PiauíBRASILTeresina, PI, BRASIL Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8375-9631

José Eduardo Vasconcelos de Carvalho Júnior

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3127-4402

Maria Auxiliadora Coelho de Lima

Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, PE, Brazil; Embrapa SemiáridoBrazilPetrolina, PE, Brazil Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, PE, Brazil;

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2000-1655

Ângela Celis de Almeida Lopes

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9546-5403

Regina Lucia Ferreira Gomes

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7700-6959

Francisco Pinheiro Lima Neto

Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, PE, Brazil; Embrapa SemiáridoBrazilPetrolina, PE, Brazil Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, PE, Brazil;

Carlos Humberto Aires Matos Filho E-mail:carloshumberto@ufpi.edu.br

Alexandre Pio Viana

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, PE, Brazil; Embrapa SemiáridoBrazilPetrolina, PE, Brazil Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, PE, Brazil;

Figures | Tables | Formulas

Figures (1)
Tables (4)
Formulas (1)

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Figure 1
Average maximum and minimum monthly air temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity in the municipality of Juazeiro, BA, Brazil, in 2017. Source: Embrapa Semiárido (2017).

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Table 1
Estimates of heritability and accuracy for fruit traits evaluated in 16 mango varieties and hybrid selections at the experimental station of Embrapa Semiárido in Juazeiro, BA, Brazil, in the 2017/2018 crop season.

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Table 2
Estimates of genetic correlation coefficients between fruit traits1, evaluated in 16 mango varieties and hybrid selections at the experimental station of Embrapa Semiárido in Juazeiro, BA, Brazil, in the 2017/2018 crop season.

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Table 3
Ordering of the 16 mango varieties and hybrid selections, based on the new mean of BLUP, evaluated for the following traits: fruit weight – FW (g), fruit length – FL (mm), fruit diameter – FD (mm), peel weight – PLW (g), seed weight – SW (g), pulp weight – PW (g), pulp yield – PY (%), and pulp firmness – PF (N), at the experimental station of Embrapa Semiárido, in Juazeiro, BA, Brazil, in the 2017/2018 crop season.

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Table 4
Ordering of the 16 mango varieties and hybrid selections, based on the new mean of BLUP, evaluated for the following traits: total soluble solids content – TSS (°Brix), total titratable acidity – TTA (%), total soluble solids content and total titratable acidity ratio – TSS/TTA, lightness of peel color – LPLC, chroma of peel color – CPLC, true fruit peel color– HPF, lightness of pulp color – LPC, chroma of pulp color – CPC, and true pulp color – HP, at the experimental station of Embrapa Semiárido, in Juazeiro, BA, Brazil, in the 2017/2018 crop season.

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Figure 1 Average maximum and minimum monthly air temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity in the municipality of Juazeiro, BA, Brazil, in 2017. Source: Embrapa Semiárido (2017).

Table 1 Estimates of heritability and accuracy for fruit traits evaluated in 16 mango varieties and hybrid selections at the experimental station of Embrapa Semiárido in Juazeiro, BA, Brazil, in the 2017/2018 crop season.

Trait	Heritability	Accuracy
Fruit weight (g)	0.73	0.85
Fruit length (mm)	0.84	0.91
Fruit diameter (mm)	0.71	0.84
Peel weight (g)	0.59	0.76
Seed weight (g)	0.82	0.91
Pulp weight(g)	0.72	0.75
Pulp yield(%)	0.57	0.76
Pulp firmness(N)	0.62	0.79
Total soluble solids content -TSS(°Brix)	0.99	0.99
Total titratable acidity - TTA (%)	0.45	0.67
TSS/TTA ratio	0.89	0.94
Lightness of peel color	0.87	0.93
Chroma of peel color	0.83	0.91
True fruit peel color	0.77	0.88
Lightness of pulp color	0.67	0.82
Chroma of pulp color	0.77	0.87
True pulp color	0.68	0.82

Table 2 Estimates of genetic correlation coefficients between fruit traits1, evaluated in 16 mango varieties and hybrid selections at the experimental station of Embrapa Semiárido in Juazeiro, BA, Brazil, in the 2017/2018 crop season.

Trait	FW	FFL	FFD	PPLW	SSW	PPF	PPW	PPY	TTSS	TTTA	TSS/TTA	LLPLC	CCPLC	HHPF	LLPC	CCPC	HP
FW	1	00.70*	00.84*	00.92*	00.93*	00.02	00.99*	00.81*	-0.56	-0.12	-0.35	-0.19	-0.02	-0.73*	-0.33	-0.21	-0.07
FL			00.31	00.64*	00.75*	00.01	00.68*	00.44	-0.31	-0.02	-0.19	-0.04	00.03	-0.46	-0.01	-0.48	-0.13
FD				00.68*	00.79*	00.08	00.84*	00.79*	-0.47	-0.18	-0.39	-0.04	00.10	-0.70*	-0.28	00.07	-0.15
PLW					00.82*	-0.07	00.90*	00.61	-0.53	-0.18	-0.25	-0.17	00.01	-0.69*	-0.36	-0.27	-0.03
SW						00.02	00.91*	00.61	-0.55	-0.07	-0.35	-0.03	00.11	-0.70*	-0.24	-0.24	-0.12
PF							00.02	00.10	-0.47	00.45	-0.61	00.45	00.42	-0.17	0.40	00.71*	-0.26
PW								00.83*	-0.55	-0.12	-0.35	-0.21	-0.03	-0.73*	-0.33	-0.19	-0.07
PY									-0.31	-0.06	-0.33	-0.28	-0.16	-0.62*	-0.29	-0.03	-0.14
TSS										-0.14	0.60	-0.01	-0.12	00.27	00.14	-0.28	0.10
TTA											-0.76*	00.19	00.17	00.01	00.32	00.12	0.05
TSS/TTA												-0.31	-0.38	00.29	-0.16	-0.20	0.02
LPLC													00.57	00.10	00.64*	00.19	0.10
CPLC														-0.20	00.57	00.10	0.19
HPF															-0.03	00.04	0.03
LPC																00.05	0.41
CPC																	-0.41

^*
* significant at 1% by the t-test.¹ Traits: fruit weight – FW (g), fruit length – FL (mm), fruit diameter – FD (mm), peel weight – PLW (g), seed weight – SW (g), pulp weight – PW (g), pulp yield – PY (%), pulp firmness – PF (N), total soluble solids content – TSS (°Brix), total titratable acidity – TTA (%), total soluble solids content and total titratable acidity ratio – TSS/TTA, lightness of peel color – LPLC, chroma of peel color – CPLC, true peel color – HPF, lightness of pulp color – LPC, chroma of pulp color – CPC, and true pulp color – HP.

Table 3 Ordering of the 16 mango varieties and hybrid selections, based on the new mean of BLUP, evaluated for the following traits: fruit weight – FW (g), fruit length – FL (mm), fruit diameter – FD (mm), peel weight – PLW (g), seed weight – SW (g), pulp weight – PW (g), pulp yield – PY (%), and pulp firmness – PF (N), at the experimental station of Embrapa Semiárido, in Juazeiro, BA, Brazil, in the 2017/2018 crop season.

FW (g)	FL (mm)	FD (mm)	PLW (g)	SW (g)	PW (g)	PY (%)	PF (N)
CPAC26394561.62	CPAC26394 152.58	Tommy 93.89	Tommy 57.95	CPAC26394 67.92	CPAC26394 432.29	Tommy 77.25	CPAC5895 10.97
Tommy 559.68	R6P16 146.00	CPAC26394 92.52	CPAC26394 57.68	Tommy 66.48	TOMMY 432.09	CPAC26394 76.97	Rosa46 10.92
Lita 532.97	Lita 139.28	Rosa46 90.86	R13P10 56.52	Rosa46 63.92	LITA 411.19	Roxa 76.63	R13P10 10.78
Rosa46 500.70	Alfa 135.25	Rosa2 89.78	R6P16 55.07	Rosa36 61.74	ROSA46 384.47	Lita 76.34	CPAC26394 10.61
R6P16 480.42	Rosa46 132.35	Rosa36 89.10	CPAC2293 54.01	Alfa 60.09	R6P16 367.56	Omega 76.06	Rosa36 10.48
Rosa36 466.03	CPAC2293 130.29	Roxa 88.57	R10P08 53.16	Rosa2 58.57	R10P08 355.58	R6P16 75.82	Rosa2 10.38
R10P08 455.39	Tommy 128.41	R10P08 87.94	Lita 52.42	R10P08 57.30	ROSA36 346.45	Rosa46 75.63	Omega 10.31
Alfa 447.04	Rosa36 126.45	R13P10 87.30	Alfa 51.84	Lita 56.32	ALFA 339.17	Rosa2 75.47	R6P16 10.24
R13P10 439.86	Omega 124.44	Lita 86.73	Rosa36 51.29	CPAC2293 55.49	ROXA 333.06	Alfa 75.32	Tommy 10.18
Rosa2 433.63	Beta 122.57	Alfa 86.21	Rosa46 50.75	R6P16 54.73	R13P10 327.96	R10P08 75.17	R12P09 10.11
Roxa 428.05	R10P08 120.77	R6P16 85.68	Rosa2 50.29	Beta 53.97	ROSA2 323.76	Rosa36 75.05	Lita 10.03
CPAC2293 422.92	Rosa2 119.06	Omega 85.14	Omega 49.83	R13P10 53.23	CPAC2293 319.61	R13P10 74.94	CPAC2293 9.93
Omega 417.48	R12P09 117.58	Beta 84.61	Beta 49.38	Roxa 52.49	OMEGA 315.08	CPAC5895 74.80	Roxa 9.83
Beta 411.30	R13P10 116.25	CPAC2293 84.07	Roxa 48.98	Omega 51.76	BETA 310.05	R12P09 74.66	R10P08 9.72
R12P09 403.91	Roxa 115.01	R12P09 83.56	R12P09 48.43	R12P09 51.00	R12P09 304.01	CPAC2293 74.54	Beta 9.60
CPAC5895 395.69	CPAC5895 113.79	CPAC5895 83.03	CPAC5895 47.75	CPAC5895 50.19	CPAC5895 297.51	Beta 74.41	Alfa 9.49

Table 4 Ordering of the 16 mango varieties and hybrid selections, based on the new mean of BLUP, evaluated for the following traits: total soluble solids content – TSS (°Brix), total titratable acidity – TTA (%), total soluble solids content and total titratable acidity ratio – TSS/TTA, lightness of peel color – LPLC, chroma of peel color – CPLC, true fruit peel color– HPF, lightness of pulp color – LPC, chroma of pulp color – CPC, and true pulp color – HP, at the experimental station of Embrapa Semiárido, in Juazeiro, BA, Brazil, in the 2017/2018 crop season.

TSS (°Brix)	TTA (%)	TSS/TTA	LPLC	CPLC	HPF	LPC	CPC	HP
R12P09 20.62	CPAC5895 0.75	R12P09 42.47	Rosa46 71.51	Rosa46 66.92	CPAC5895 99.27	R12P09 77.50	Rosa2 69.79	R12P09 90.04
Alfa 20.56	Lita 0.73	CPAC2293 41.81	R6P16 70.55	R6P16 66.39	Beta 98.68	Lita 77.41	CPAC5895 69.37	Lita 90.02
Lita 20.43	Rosa2 0.70	Beta 41.13	Rosa2 69.37	R13P10 65.61	R10P08 97.95	CPAC5895 77.21	Omega 68.91	R10P08 89.89
Omega 20.29	Rosa46 0.68	Roxa 40.69	Rosa36 68.39	Rosa36 64.91	R12P09 97.09	Rosa46 77.00	Rosa46 68.63	Tommy 89.71
CPAC2293 20.11	Rosa36 0.66	Omega 40.23	R13P10 67.57	Alfa 64.36	Roxa 96.23	Rosa36 76.86	Rosa36 68.34	R13P10 89.55
Roxa 19.92	CPAC26394 0.64	R10P08 39.79	R12P09 66.88	Rosa2 63.9	Omega 95.44	R6P16 76.74	R12P09 68.05	CPAC5895 89.42
Rosa2 19.74	CPAC2293 0.64	Alfa 39.44	Alfa 66.24	R12P09 63.14	R13P10 94.45	R13P10 76.60	R13P10 67.84	Beta 89.31
R10P08 19.58	Tommy 0.63	R6P16 39.09	CPAC5895 65.54	CPAC5895 62.12	Alfa 93.40	CPAC2293 76.41	Roxa 67.62	Alfa 89.22
Beta 19.42	Alfa 0.62	Rosa36 38.67	R10P08 64.58	R10P08 61.02	Rosa2 92.41	Alfa 76.18	Tommy 67.38	R6P16 89.12
Rosa36 19.28	R13P10 0.62	R13P10 38.25	Lita 63.57	Tommy 59.91	R6P16 91.42	Rosa2 75.99	CPAC2293 67.10	Rosa36 88.97
R6P16 19.13	Omega 0.61	Lita 37.85	CPAC2293 62.46	Lita 58.93	CPAC26394 90.47	Roxa 75.80	R6P16 66.79	CPAC26394 88.76
CPAC5895 19.01	R10P08 0.61	Rosa46 37.52	Omega 61.28	CPAC26394 57.92	CPAC2293 89.54	CPAC26394 75.61	R10P08 66.52	Roxa 88.53
Rosa46 18.89	R6P16 0.60	Tommy 37.23	Tommy 60.27	CPAC2293 56.79	Rosa46 88.64	Beta 75.44	CPAC26394 66.23	CPAC2293 88.29
Tommy 18.78	Beta 0.60	Rosa2 36.95	CPAC26394 59.38	Omega 55.68	Lita 87.79	Tommy 75.28	Beta 65.90	Rosa46 88.05
R13P10 18.66	Roxa 0.59	CPAC26394 36.69	Beta 58.52	Beta 54.65	Rosa36 86.85	R10P08 75.14	Lita 65.48	Rosa2 87.84
CPAC26394 18.52	R12P09 0.59	CPAC5895 36.35	Roxa 57.53	Roxa 53.48	Tommy 85.30	Omega 74.98	Alfa 64.89	Omega 87.62

1

Y = X b + Z g + e,

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Evaluation of varieties and hybrid selections of mango in the brazilian semi-arid region

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[1] Carlos Humberto Aires Matos Filho E-mail:carloshumberto@ufpi.edu.br