Study of the Friedmann Universe from Newtonian concepts

In this work, we study Friedmann’s cosmological model from a numerical approach. To obtain Friedmann’s equations, we use Newtonian concepts. In general, this model has been constructed using the mathematical tools of General Relativity, which have a high level of complexity and are not easily approachable to initial-grade undergraduate students. For this reason, the approach of this model using Newtonian concepts makes the understanding of basic cosmology concepts. Furthermore, it is also possible to make the student use this work as an introduction to numerical and computational methods. Describing an expansive Universe, the differential equations are solved by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The results shown by the numerical solution agree with the observational data, describing the ages of the Universe. As motivation for the student, we provided access to the computational routines in C, Octave, and Simulink.

Keywords:
Friedmann’s Model; Cosmology; Computational Simulation; Octave; Simulink