Morphophysiology and postharvest quality of hydroponic lettuce cultivars grown under high temperature

Bittencourt, Ricardo F. P. de M.; Silva Júnior, Mário L. da; Sampaio, Italo M. G.; Bittencourt, Erika C. F.; Santos, Rodolfo I. N.; Coelho, Alyam D.; Figueiredo, Stefany P. R.; Bittencourt, Italo C. F. P. de M.; Lemos Neto, Hozano de S.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v28n5e277774

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Original Article • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 28 (5) • May 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v28n5e277774 copy

Morphophysiology and postharvest quality of hydroponic lettuce cultivars grown under high temperature¹ 1 Research developed at Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Belém, Pará, Brazil

Desempenho morfofisiologico e qualidade pós-colheita de cultivares de alface hidropônica em condições de temperatura elevada

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is the most economically important leafy vegetable in Brazil, with the crisp type being the most popular among producers. However, in regions with hot climates, lettuce has production limitations due to bolting, requiring knowledge on the behavior of cultivars available on the market. Thus, the objective of the present study was to characterize the performance of crisp lettuce cultivars in terms of their productive, physiological, and postharvest quality aspects when grown under hydroponic cultivation and high temperature conditions. The assay was performed in a greenhouse and the plants were grown in a hydroponic system of DFT type. The average temperature during the experiment was 30.33 °C. The experimental design used was completely randomized with nine treatments (Veneranda, Cristina, Olinda, Mônica, Cinderela, Grand Rapids, Itapuã Super, Crocantela, and Simpson Black Seed), with four replications. The cultivars were analyzed in terms of their productive, physiological, and postharvest quality performances. The Olinda and Cristina cultivars showed the best performance in growth, physiological, and postharvest variables. However, the cultivars had distinct sensory characteristics. Bolting negatively affected gas exchange, production, and postharvest quality of lettuce cultivars Veneranda, Mônica, Grand Rapids, and Cinderela. In addition, it was observed that the pigment content was not determinant for the expression of bolting. Therefore, this study recommends the use of cultivars Olinda and Cristina for the hydroponic cultivation under high temperature conditions.

Key words:
Lactuca sativa; bolting; gas exchange; hydroponics

HIGHLIGHTS:

Early bolting reduces the production, photosynthetic capacity, and postharvest quality of the lettuce cultivars.

The tolerance to early bolting under high temperature is a genetic trait that is not shown to be affected by pigment content.

Bolted cultivars show a reduction in photosynthetic capacity as a result of biochemical and/or stomatal limitations.

Cultivars	A (µmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)	gs (mol H₂O m^-2 s^-1)	Ci (µmol CO₂ mol air^-1)	E (mmol H₂O m^-2 s^-1)	LT (°C)	WUE (µmol CO₂ µmol H₂O^-1)
Veneranda	12.70 ± 1.13 f	0.24 ± 0.03 b	291.13 ± 1.45 a	4.68 ± 0.35 b	33.61 ± 0.81 c	2.71 ± 0.04 d
Cristina	15.24 ± 0.98 d	0.22 ± 0.01 b	267.53 ± 3.53 b	4.37 ± 0.08 b	33.60 ± 1.22 c	3.50 ± 0.29 c
Olinda	16.61 ± 0.15 b	0.25 ± 0.00 a	271.39 ± 1.29 b	3.64 ± 0.08 d	31.72 ± 0.05 d	4.56 ± 0.14 a
Mônica	14.96 ± 0.25 d	0.23 ± 0.01 b	272.15 ± 5.87 b	4.55 ± 0.66 b	34.34 ± 1.05 b	3.39 ± 0.52 c
Cinderela	14.13 ± 0.25 e	0.18 ± 0.00 c	252.67 ± 0.30 c	3.41 ± 0.14 d	33.83 ± 0.28 c	4.15 ± 0.25 b
Grand Rapids	12.23 ± 0.31 f	0.14 ± 0.01 d	234.85 ± 16.02 d	3.39 ± 0.00 d	35.81 ± 0.56 a	3.61 ± 0.09 c
Itapuã Super	17.72 ± 0.47 a	0.27 ± 0.01 a	267.61 ± 0.23 b	4.96 ± 0.50 a	34.37 ± 0.51 b	3.61 ± 0.28 c
Crocantela	16.06 ± 0.71 c	0.21 ± 0.02 c	250.01 ± 7.17 c	4.12 ± 0.52 c	34.50 ± 0.27 b	3.95 ± 0.34 b
Simpson B. S.	13.99 ± 0.21 e	0.22 ± 0.02 c	273.06 ± 8.06 b	5.16 ± 0.10 a	35.78 ± 0.66 a	2.71 ± 0.09 d

Cultivars	Height (cm)	Diameter (mm)	Number of leaves (Leaves plant^-1)	Leaf area (cm²)	Bolting start (days)	Bolting rate¹
Veneranda	20.75 ± 4.52 b	9.43 ± 0.64 c	14.75 ± 0.96 d	922.45 ± 88.37 b	39	2
Cristina	6.48 ± 0.62 d	11.54 ± 0.90 b	16.25 ± 0.50 c	1025.82 ± 117.34 a	0	0
Olinda	7.55 ± 1.28 d	13.22 ± 0.91 a	22.00 ± 0.82 a	1165.35 ± 88.75 a	0	0
Mônica	23.48 ± 2.16 a	9.16 ± 0.52 c	17.00 ± 0.82 c	978.05 ± 37.06 a	36	2
Cinderela	18.93 ± 1.62 b	9.92 ± 0.69 c	13.75 ± 1.26 e	885.80 ± 59.12 b	37	1
Grand Rapids	14.70 ± 2.91 c	9.09 ± 0.96 c	13.50 ± 0.58 e	848.48 ± 89.13 b	38	1
Itapuã Super	4.96 ± 1.30 e	10.06 ± 1.18 c	15.50 ± 0.58 d	837.48 ± 199.52 b	0	0
Crocantela	2.56 ± 0.97 e	11.07 ± 1.44 b	14.25 ± 0.96 e	757.85 ± 241.49 b	0	0
Simpson B. S.	7.73 ± 1.51 d	11.69 ± 1.70 b	18.00 ± 0.82 b	925.98 ± 123.65 b	0	0
Cultivars	Fresh mass (g plant^-1)			Dry mass (g plant^-1)
Cultivars	Leaves	Stem	Roots	Leaves	Stem	Roots
Veneranda	28.91 ± 2.72 b	15.44 ± 0.91 a	5.51 ± 1.06 a	2.34 ± 0.15 b	1.68 ± 0.31 a	0.80 ± 0.06 a
Cristina	36.54 ± 6.03 a	6.83 ± 1.24 c	6.70 ± 1.36 a	3.15 ± 0.23 a	0.68 ± 0.14 c	0.63 ± 0.14 a
Olinda	39.64 ± 2.70 a	9.07 ± 2.46 b	7.99 ± 1.15 a	3.37 ± 0.11 a	0.84 ± 0.15 c	0.74 ± 0.11 a
Mônica	29.18 ± 2.01 b	14.59 ± 1.45 a	3.71 ± 0.44 b	2.06 ± 0.13 b	1.24 ± 0.19 b	0.64 ± 0.03 a
Cinderela	29.81 ± 2.00 b	15.82 ± 1.28 a	6.19 ± 2.36 a	2.42 ± 0.19 b	1.39 ± 0.11 b	0.79 ± 0.19 a
Grand Rapids	24.73 ± 1.92 b	10.23 ± 2.68 b	3.91 ± 2.15 b	2.09 ± 0.16 b	0.97 ± 0.25 c	0.53 ± 0.12 b
Itapuã Super	30.77 ± 7.66 b	4.53 ± 1.97 d	3.03 ± 1.96 b	2.32 ± 0.27 b	0.37 ± 0.15 d	0.41 ± 0.15 b
Crocantela	30.52 ± 9.34 b	1.74 ± 0.78 e	3.74 ± 1.55 b	2.02 ± 0.67 b	0.15 ± 0.06 d	0.40 ± 0.17 b
Simpson B. S.	29.22 ± 5.35 b	6.26 ± 2.29 c	3.10 ± 1.39 b	2.19 ± 0.44 b	0.64 ± 0.18 c	0.51 ± 0.10 b

Cultivars	Ascorbic acid (mg 100g^-1)	pH	TSS (%)	TA (% of citric acid)	TSS/TA ratio
Veneranda	19.565 ± 1.54 a	6.303 ± 0.06 a	4.113 ± 0.14 c	0.112 ± 0.00 b	36.771 ± 2.31 b
Cristina	18.844 ± 1.85 b	6.250 ± 0.19 a	4.750 ± 0.44 b	0.106 ± 0.01 b	45.774 ± 9.77 a
Olinda	21.014 ± 1.03 a	6.020 ± 0.09 b	5.300 ± 0.08 a	0.130 ± 0.01 a	40.975 ± 2.30 a
Mônica	18.478 ± 0.89 b	5.840 ± 0.08 c	4.425 ± 0.13 c	0.139 ± 0.01 a	32.058 ± 2.42 b
Cinderela	19.927 ± 0.51 a	6.100 ± 0.14 a	4.050 ± 0.19 c	0.093 ± 0.01 c	43.813 ± 3.05 a
Grand Rapids	17.754 ± 0.51 b	6.188 ± 0.18 a	4.350 ± 0.20 c	0.114 ± 0.02 b	39.476 ± 8.81 b
Itapuã Super	17.753 ± 0.51 b	6.100 ± 0.18 a	4.300 ± 0.35 c	0.098 ± 0.01 c	44.163 ± 2.42 a
Crocantela	18.841 ± 0.51 b	6.128 ± 0.05 a	3.350 ± 0.19 d	0.085 ± 0.01 c	39.563 ± 1.70 a
Simpson B. S.	18.840 ± 1.03 b	6.208 ± 0.05 a	3.100 ± 0.26 d	0.096 ± 0.02 c	33.065 ± 5.61 b

Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, Bodocongó, Bloco CM, 1º andar, CEP 58429-140, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, Tel. +55 83 2101 1056 - Campina Grande - PB - Brazil
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[1] * Corresponding author - E-mail: ricardofalesibitten@gmail.com

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Morphophysiology and postharvest quality of hydroponic lettuce cultivars grown under high temperature1 1 Research developed at Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Belém, Pará, Brazil

Desempenho morfofisiologico e qualidade pós-colheita de cultivares de alface hidropônica em condições de temperatura elevada

ABSTRACT

HIGHLIGHTS:

Morphophysiology and postharvest quality of hydroponic lettuce cultivars grown under high temperature¹ 1 Research developed at Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Belém, Pará, Brazil