O nível de treinamento não influencia a percepção subjetiva de esforço durante um teste incremental

Smirmaul, Bruno de Paula Caraça; Dantas, José Luiz; Fontes, Eduardo Bodnariuc; Okano, Alexandre Hideki; Moraes, Antonio Carlos de

doi:10.5007/1980-0037.2010v12n3p159

Resumos

Níveis de treinamento distintos, associados à experiência em realizar esforços exaustivos podem produzir diferentes sensações frente à fadiga. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) entre ciclistas e não-ciclistas durante teste incremental máximo (TI MAX). Participaram do estudo 23 indivíduos que foram divididos em grupo ciclistas (GC) (n = 12; idade 26,5 ± 4,7 anos; massa corporal 68,2 ± 11kg; estatura 176 ± 8,6cm) e grupo não-ciclistas (GNC) (n=11; idade 25,2 ± 4,0 anos; massa corporal 72,9 ± 9kg; estatura 175,1 ± 6,3cm). Todos realizaram um TI MAX, até a exaustão, do tipo rampa em ciclossimulador, com início a 0 W e incrementos de 20 W.min-1. Durante TI MAX a PSE foi aferida e anotada a cada 30 segundos de teste e, ao final, a potência máxima (P MAX) atingida pelos indivíduos. O tempo total de cada teste foi normalizado em porcentagens (de 10% a 100%, intervalos de 10%), e foi anotada a respectiva PSE para cada intervalo. Os valores de P MAX para GC e GNC foram 368 ± 12,7W e 256 ± 11,2W, respectivamente (P < 0,01). Os valores das medianas das PSE para GC e GNC não apresentaram diferença significativa para nenhuma porcentagem de tempo. Conclui-se que as respostas de PSE não sofreram alterações entre GC e GNC durante TI MAX, sugerindo que o nível de treinamento não influencia a PSE.

Tolerância ao exercício; Desempenho psicomotor; Psicofisiologia

Different training levels, combined with experience in performing exhaustive exercise, may produce different sensations of fatigue. The objective of this study was to compare the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) between cyclists and non-cyclists during a maximal incremental test (IT MAX). Twenty-three subjects were recruited and divided into a cyclist group (CG) (n = 12; age: 26.5 ± 4.7 years, body weight: 68.2 ± 11kg, height: 176 ± 8.6 cm) and a non-cyclist group (NCG) (n = 11; 25.2 ± 4.0 years, body weight: 72.9 ± 9 kg, height: 175.1 ± 6.3 cm). All subjects performed an IT MAX until exhaustion on a cycling simulator, starting at 0 W and with increments of 20 W.min-1. RPE was measured at 30-second intervals during IT MAX and the maximal power output (P MAX) of each subject was also recorded. The total time of each test was normalized to the percentage of completed trial (10% to 100%, intervals of 10%), and the corresponding RPE was recorded. P MAX was 368 ± 12.7 W and 256 ± 11.2 W for CG and NCG, respectively (P < 0.01). No significant difference in median RPE was observed between groups at any time point. In conclusion, RPE responses did not differ between CG and NCG during IT MAX, suggesting that training level does not influence RPE.

Exercise tolerance; Psychomotor performance; Psychophysiology

ARTIGO ORIGINAL

O nível de treinamento não influencia a percepção subjetiva de esforço durante um teste incremental

Training level does not influence the rating of perceived exertion during an incremental test

Bruno de Paula Caraça Smirmaul^I; José Luiz Dantas^II; Eduardo Bodnariuc Fontes^I; Alexandre Hideki Okano^III; Antonio Carlos de Moraes^I

^IUniversidade Estadual de Campinas. Campinas. SP. Brasil.

^IIUniversidade Estadual de Londrina. Londrina. PR. Brasil.

^IIIUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Natal. RN. Brasil

^{Correspondencia para} Bruno de Paula Caraça Smirmaul. Avenida Érico Veríssimo, nº 701, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Barão Geraldo, CEP: 13083-851. Campinas/ SP, Brasil. E-mail: brunosmirmaul@gmail.com

RESUMO

Níveis de treinamento distintos, associados à experiência em realizar esforços exaustivos podem produzir diferentes sensações frente à fadiga. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) entre ciclistas e não-ciclistas durante teste incremental máximo (TI_MAX). Participaram do estudo 23 indivíduos que foram divididos em grupo ciclistas (GC) (n = 12; idade 26,5 ± 4,7 anos; massa corporal 68,2 ± 11kg; estatura 176 ± 8,6cm) e grupo não-ciclistas (GNC) (n=11; idade 25,2 ± 4,0 anos; massa corporal 72,9 ± 9kg; estatura 175,1 ± 6,3cm). Todos realizaram um TI_MAX, até a exaustão, do tipo rampa em ciclossimulador, com início a 0 W e incrementos de 20 W.min^-1. Durante TI_MAX a PSE foi aferida e anotada a cada 30 segundos de teste e, ao final, a potência máxima (P_MAX) atingida pelos indivíduos. O tempo total de cada teste foi normalizado em porcentagens (de 10% a 100%, intervalos de 10%), e foi anotada a respectiva PSE para cada intervalo. Os valores de P_MAX para GC e GNC foram 368 ± 12,7W e 256 ± 11,2W, respectivamente (P < 0,01). Os valores das medianas das PSE para GC e GNC não apresentaram diferença significativa para nenhuma porcentagem de tempo. Conclui-se que as respostas de PSE não sofreram alterações entre GC e GNC durante TI_MAX, sugerindo que o nível de treinamento não influencia a PSE.

Palavras-chave: Tolerância ao exercício; Desempenho psicomotor; Psicofisiologia

ABSTRACT

Different training levels, combined with experience in performing exhaustive exercise, may produce different sensations of fatigue. The objective of this study was to compare the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) between cyclists and non-cyclists during a maximal incremental test (IT_MAX). Twenty-three subjects were recruited and divided into a cyclist group (CG) (n = 12; age: 26.5 ± 4.7 years, body weight: 68.2 ± 11kg, height: 176 ± 8.6 cm) and a non-cyclist group (NCG) (n = 11; 25.2 ± 4.0 years, body weight: 72.9 ± 9 kg, height: 175.1 ± 6.3 cm). All subjects performed an IT_MAX until exhaustion on a cycling simulator, starting at 0 W and with increments of 20 W.min^-1. RPE was measured at 30-second intervals during IT_MAX and the maximal power output (P_MAX) of each subject was also recorded. The total time of each test was normalized to the percentage of completed trial (10% to 100%, intervals of 10%), and the corresponding RPE was recorded. P_MAX was 368 ± 12.7 W and 256 ± 11.2 W for CG and NCG, respectively (P < 0.01). No significant difference in median RPE was observed between groups at any time point. In conclusion, RPE responses did not differ between CG and NCG during IT_MAX, suggesting that training level does not influence RPE.

Keywords: Exercise tolerance; Psychomotor performance; Psychophysiology

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Recebido em 03/04/09

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Aprovado em 17/09/09

Borg E, Kaijser L. A Comparison Between Three Rating Scales for Perceived Exertion and Two Different Work Tests. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2006;16(1):57-69.
Hummel A, Läubli T, Pozzo M, Schenk P, Spillmann S, Klipstein A. Relationship Between Perceived Exertion and Mean Power Frequency of the EMG Signal from the Upper Trapezius Muscle During Isometric Shoulder Elevation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005;95(4):312-326.
American College of Sports Medicine. Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, 7th edn. Williams and Watkins Lippincott, Baltimore. 2005.
Nakamura FY, Gancedo MR, Da Silva LA, Lima JRP, Kokubun E. Utilização do esforço percebido na determinação da velocidade crítica em corrida aquática. Rev Bras Med Esporte 2005;11(1):1-5.
Borg G. Borg's Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. 1998.
Chen MJ, Fan X, Moe ST. Criterion-Related Validity of the Borg Ratings of Perceived Exertion Scale in Healthy Individuals: a Meta-Analysis. J Sports Sci 2002;20(11):873-899.
Eston RG, Faulkner JA, Mason EA, Parfitt G. The Validity of Predicting Maximal Oxygen Uptake from Perceptually Regulated Graded Exercise Tests of Different Durations. Eur J Appl Physiol 2006;97(5):535-541.
Baden DA, McLean TL, Tucker R, Noakes TD, St Clair Gibson A. Effect of Anticipation During Unknown or Unexpected Exercise Duration on Rating of Perceived Exertion, Affect, and Physiological Function. Br J Sports Med 2005;39(10):742-746.
Lagally KM, Robertson RJ, Gallagher KI, Goss FL, Jakicic JM, Lephart SM et al. Perceived Exertion. Electromyography, and Blood Lactate During Acute Bouts of Resistance Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002;34(3):552-559.
Hampson DB, St Clair Gibson A, Lambert MI, Noakes TD. The Influence of Sensory Cues on the Perception of Exertion During Exercise and Central Regulation of Exercise Performance. Sports Med 2001;31(13):935-952.
St Clair Gibson A, Baden DA, Lambert MI, Lambert EV, Harley YXR, Hampson D et al. The Conscious Perception of the Sensation of Fatigue. Sports Med 2003;33(3):167-176.
Crewe H, Tucker R, Noakes TD. The Rate of Increase in Rating of Perceived Exertion Predicts the Duration of Exercise to Fatigue at a Fixed Power Output in Different Environmental Conditions. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008;103(5):569-577.
St Clair Gibson A, Noakes TD. Evidence for Complex System Integration and Dynamic Neural Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Recruitment During Exercise in Humans. Br J Sports Med 2004;38(6):797-806.
Groslambert A, Mahon AD. Perceived Exertion Influence of Age and Cognitive Development. Sports Med 2006;36(11):911-928.
Faulkner J, Eston R. Overall and Peripheral Ratings of Perceived Exertion During a Graded Exercise Test to Volitional Exhaustion in Individuals of High and Low Fitness. Eur J Appl Physiol 2007;101(5):613-620.
Green JM, Pritchett RC, McLester JR, Crews TR, Tucker DC. Influence of Aerobic Fitness on Ratings of Perceived Exertion During Graded and Extended Duration Cycling. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2007;47(1):33-39.
Boutcher SH, Seip RL, Hetzler RK, Pierce EF, Snead D, Weltman A. The Effects of Specificity of Traning on Rating of Perceived Exertion at the Lactate Threshold. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1989;59(5):365-369.
Felts WM, Crouse S; Brunetz M. Influence of Aerobic Fitness on Ratings of Perceived Exertion During Light to Moderate Exercise. Percept Mot Skills 1988;67(2):671-676.
Hill DW, Cureton KJ, Grisham SC, Collins MA. Effect of Training on the Rating of Perceived Exertion at the Ventilatory Threshold. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1987; 56(2):206-211.
Travlos AK, Marisi DQ. Perceived Exertion During Physical Exercise Among Individuals High and Low in Fitness. Percept Mot Skills 1996;82(2):419-424.
Noakes TD, Tucker R. Do We Really Need a Central Governor to Explain Brain Regulation of Exercise Performance? A Response to the Letter of Dr. Marcora. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008; DOI 10.1007/s00421-008-0842-3.
Kaufman C, Berg K, Noble J, Thomas J. Ratings of Perceived Exertion of ACSM Exercise Guidelines in Individuals Varying in Aerobic Fitness. Res Q for Exerc and Sport 2006;77(1):122-130.
Hassmen P. Perceptual and Physiological Responses to Cycling and Running in Groups of Trained and Untrained Subjects. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Phyiol 1990;60(6):445-451.
Noakes TD. Linear Relationship Between the Perception of Effort and the Duration of Constant Load Exercise That Remains. J Appl Physiol 2004; 96(4):1571-1572.
Marcora S. Perception of effort during exercise is independent of afferent feedback from skeletal muscles, heart and lungs. J Appl Physiol 2009;106(6):2060-2062.

Bruno de Paula Caraça Smirmaul.

Avenida Érico Veríssimo, nº 701,

Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Barão Geraldo,

CEP: 13083-851. Campinas/ SP, Brasil.

E-mail:

brunosmirmaul@gmail.com

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
10 Out 2012
Data do Fascículo
Jun 2010

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] Borg E, Kaijser L. A Comparison Between Three Rating Scales for Perceived Exertion and Two Different Work Tests. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2006;16(1):57-69.

[2] Hummel A, Läubli T, Pozzo M, Schenk P, Spillmann S, Klipstein A. Relationship Between Perceived Exertion and Mean Power Frequency of the EMG Signal from the Upper Trapezius Muscle During Isometric Shoulder Elevation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005;95(4):312-326.

[3] American College of Sports Medicine. Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, 7th edn. Williams and Watkins Lippincott, Baltimore. 2005.

[4] Nakamura FY, Gancedo MR, Da Silva LA, Lima JRP, Kokubun E. Utilização do esforço percebido na determinação da velocidade crítica em corrida aquática. Rev Bras Med Esporte 2005;11(1):1-5.

[5] Borg G. Borg's Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. 1998.

[6] Chen MJ, Fan X, Moe ST. Criterion-Related Validity of the Borg Ratings of Perceived Exertion Scale in Healthy Individuals: a Meta-Analysis. J Sports Sci 2002;20(11):873-899.

[7] Eston RG, Faulkner JA, Mason EA, Parfitt G. The Validity of Predicting Maximal Oxygen Uptake from Perceptually Regulated Graded Exercise Tests of Different Durations. Eur J Appl Physiol 2006;97(5):535-541.

[8] Baden DA, McLean TL, Tucker R, Noakes TD, St Clair Gibson A. Effect of Anticipation During Unknown or Unexpected Exercise Duration on Rating of Perceived Exertion, Affect, and Physiological Function. Br J Sports Med 2005;39(10):742-746.

[9] Lagally KM, Robertson RJ, Gallagher KI, Goss FL, Jakicic JM, Lephart SM et al. Perceived Exertion. Electromyography, and Blood Lactate During Acute Bouts of Resistance Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002;34(3):552-559.

[10] Hampson DB, St Clair Gibson A, Lambert MI, Noakes TD. The Influence of Sensory Cues on the Perception of Exertion During Exercise and Central Regulation of Exercise Performance. Sports Med 2001;31(13):935-952.

[11] St Clair Gibson A, Baden DA, Lambert MI, Lambert EV, Harley YXR, Hampson D et al. The Conscious Perception of the Sensation of Fatigue. Sports Med 2003;33(3):167-176.

[12] Crewe H, Tucker R, Noakes TD. The Rate of Increase in Rating of Perceived Exertion Predicts the Duration of Exercise to Fatigue at a Fixed Power Output in Different Environmental Conditions. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008;103(5):569-577.

[13] St Clair Gibson A, Noakes TD. Evidence for Complex System Integration and Dynamic Neural Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Recruitment During Exercise in Humans. Br J Sports Med 2004;38(6):797-806.

[14] Groslambert A, Mahon AD. Perceived Exertion Influence of Age and Cognitive Development. Sports Med 2006;36(11):911-928.

[15] Faulkner J, Eston R. Overall and Peripheral Ratings of Perceived Exertion During a Graded Exercise Test to Volitional Exhaustion in Individuals of High and Low Fitness. Eur J Appl Physiol 2007;101(5):613-620.

[16] Green JM, Pritchett RC, McLester JR, Crews TR, Tucker DC. Influence of Aerobic Fitness on Ratings of Perceived Exertion During Graded and Extended Duration Cycling. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2007;47(1):33-39.

[17] Boutcher SH, Seip RL, Hetzler RK, Pierce EF, Snead D, Weltman A. The Effects of Specificity of Traning on Rating of Perceived Exertion at the Lactate Threshold. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1989;59(5):365-369.

[18] Felts WM, Crouse S; Brunetz M. Influence of Aerobic Fitness on Ratings of Perceived Exertion During Light to Moderate Exercise. Percept Mot Skills 1988;67(2):671-676.

[19] Hill DW, Cureton KJ, Grisham SC, Collins MA. Effect of Training on the Rating of Perceived Exertion at the Ventilatory Threshold. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1987; 56(2):206-211.

[20] Travlos AK, Marisi DQ. Perceived Exertion During Physical Exercise Among Individuals High and Low in Fitness. Percept Mot Skills 1996;82(2):419-424.

[21] Noakes TD, Tucker R. Do We Really Need a Central Governor to Explain Brain Regulation of Exercise Performance? A Response to the Letter of Dr. Marcora. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008; DOI 10.1007/s00421-008-0842-3.

[22] Kaufman C, Berg K, Noble J, Thomas J. Ratings of Perceived Exertion of ACSM Exercise Guidelines in Individuals Varying in Aerobic Fitness. Res Q for Exerc and Sport 2006;77(1):122-130.

[23] Hassmen P. Perceptual and Physiological Responses to Cycling and Running in Groups of Trained and Untrained Subjects. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Phyiol 1990;60(6):445-451.

[24] Noakes TD. Linear Relationship Between the Perception of Effort and the Duration of Constant Load Exercise That Remains. J Appl Physiol 2004; 96(4):1571-1572.

[25] Marcora S. Perception of effort during exercise is independent of afferent feedback from skeletal muscles, heart and lungs. J Appl Physiol 2009;106(6):2060-2062.