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Química Nova, Volume: 20, Número: spe, Publicado: 1997

  • Editorial

    Pinto, Angelo C.; Andrade, Jailson B. de; Pardini, Vera L.

  • A SBQ e o desenvolvimento da química brasileira

    Galembeck, Fernando

  • Alguns aspectos da política nacional de ciência e tecnologia

    Vargas, José Israel

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The Brazilian industrialisation process, which occurred from World War II up to the early eighties, was almost totally based on imported technology and has thus not demanded local S&T capability. National S&T expenditures were limited to 0.7 % of the GNP, covering mainly expenses with basic research and training of scientists and engineers. Federal Government was then responsible for 90% of the national S&T expenditures. The globalisation of the economy, associated with the reduction of tariff barriers, has, since the early nineties, exposed Brazilian industries to international competition and, thus, forced them to invest in research and development. S&T policy fosters research activities, provides research infrastructure and human resources training. The goal is to raise national expenditures to 1.5% of GDP by 1999, with a share of the private sector of about 40%. In 1996, national S&T expenditures have already attained 1.1% of the GDP and private sector investments in this area reached a share of 30%.

  • O impacto do PADCT na química e engenharia química

    Castro, Luiz Antonio Barreto de; Prescott, Elianne

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Among all activities related to the management of science and technology in Brazil, program monitoring and evaluation is certainly one of the less developed and most needed. There are no universal methodologies that can be applied. In essence programs can be evaluated by relating their achievements to pre-established goals. A second strategy is to compare programs similar in nature, utilizing as reference common indicators. Finally programs can be evaluated by their socio-economic impact comparing investments to outcomes. All strategies mentioned require appropriate program design monitoring and expert independent evaluation. In Brazil as in many other countries including developed ones this activity is complicated by the fact that programs vary widely in their scope and goals. In Brazil program designs often do not specify clearly their purposes and output indicators, many are not monitored properly which makes evaluation difficult. Consequently science and technology programs are difficult to be compared to each other, and even evaluated on the basis of pre-established goals. In PADCT monitoring and evaluation proved to be the most challenging activities. Two lessons however were learnt. One is that the process of monitoring and evaluation has to be continuously exposed to criticism to be perfected; and the second is that the evaluation process must not be exhausted shortly after investments since translation of scientific knowledge into industrial applications may prove to be a lengthy process. In this exercise we certainly do not pretend to evaluate the QEQ subprogram but to organize some of the information produced by different sources related to this subject, including the PADCT administration. We use somewhat each strategy described: compare the outputs of the QEQ to predetermined proposed goals (particularly in PADCT II), compare the QEQ to other PADCT subprograms, and specify some outputs in terms of technological and industrial applications. Finally, we utilize this opportunity to discuss science and technology M&E in general and the complexity of developing this area in Brazil.

  • O impacto do PADCT na química brasileira: uma visão acadêmica

    Paniago, Eucler B.

    Resumo em Inglês:

    An appraisal has been conducted of the impact PADCT (Support Program for Scientific and Technological Development) has caused on brazilian Chemistry and Chemical Engineering over a ten years period (1985-1995). During this time PADCT invested US$ 87.5 million dollars to support both scientific and technolgical development of chemistry. The main results, from an academic point of view, has been the strengthening of support services for academic research, including libraries and analytical facilities, and a consequent increase of the number and quality of human resources trained at the graduate level as well as a significant increase in the number of scientific publications.

  • A evolução da pós-graduação em química no Brasil

    Brocksom, Timothy John; Andrade, Jailson Bittencourt de

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The post-graduate teaching of chemistry in Brazil over the last years is discussed, including comparisons with some other sciences and also experiences in the United States and the United Kingdom. We have also compared the more recent situation with the previous decade, which leads us to a favourable conclusion as to the results obtained in the teaching of post-graduate students in chemistry. Some conclusions and recommendations are made with respect to the near future.

  • Química: academia e empreendimento

    Rabi, Jaime A.

  • A evolução da química brasileira

    Seidl, Peter Rudolf

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The recent evolution of chemical research in Brazil is analyzed. Progress has been substantial according to principal indicators. The contributions of the Brazilian Chemical Society are pointed out.

  • A evolução da indústria petroquímica brasileira

    Torres, Eduardo Mc Mannis

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The Brazilian Petrochemical Industry is about to turn fifty years old, and endures profound changes. In less than four years, it has moved from a system of centralized decisions and a national lever of planning, to another which is spread, without massive actions and with less integration with the raw material supplying company. On this issue it is presented, briefly, a small history of the development of this industrial type, including issues on how the growth of this activity, so important to the development of Brazil, shall be lead.

  • A química na região nordeste: o papel da SBQ

    Ramos, Mozart Neves; Gama, A. Arnóbio de S. da

    Resumo em Inglês:

    In the opportunity of the 20th year of foundation of the Brazilian Chemical Society, the role of this organization in behalf of the development of Science, in particular of Chemistry, is analysed by the way it is observed by someone that has been working in the Northeast of this Country.

  • A química na região norte

    Arruda, Alberto Cardoso

    Resumo em Inglês:

    A historical overview of CHEMISTRY SCIENCE from the beginning of the ESCOLA DE QUÍMICA INDUSTRIAL DO PARÁ in the northern region of Brazil is given. Reports were conducted on graduate and under graduate coursework within research and teaching institutions in each State of the Amazon region. Data collection included teaching, research and industrial activities.

  • Criação e consolidação da Sociedade Brasileira de Química (SBQ)

    Bechara, Etelvino J. H.; Viertler, Hans

  • As primeiras vinte reuniões anuais da SBQ: uma visão da evolução da química no Brasil

    Rocha-Filho, Romeu C.; Biaggio, Sonia R.; Bocchi, Nerilso

    Resumo em Inglês:

    An analysis of the different activities carried out during the first twenty annual meetings (1978-1997) of the Brazilian Chemical Society (SBQ) is presented. The number of papers in the abstract book increased from around 300 in the biennium 78/79 to around 1230 in 96/97. The papers contained in the different sections of the abstract book in the 1st (1978), 10th (1987) and 19th (1996) annual meetings were grouped according to the regions of Brazil the authors' institutions were from, or abroad, and also considering whether the paper came from one institution or was a collaboration between two or more institutions. The relative contribution of the southeastern and northern regions decreased from 77% and 3.0% of the total in 1978 to 63% and 1.2% in 1996, respectively, while those of the northeastern, southern and midwestern regions increased from 12%, 4.8% and 0.6% to 15%, 13%, and 2.6%, respectively; the relative contribution of institutions from abroad also increased from 2.4% to 4.0%. Chemistry of Natural Products and Organic Chemistry decreased their relative contribution from around 55% in 1978 to around 28% in 1996, an evolution towards a more balanced development of the different areas of chemistry in Brazil.

  • Duas décadas de química nova

    Ferraz, Helena M. C.; Pardini, Vera L.

    Resumo em Inglês:

    A brief overview of the 20 years of Química Nova, a journal published by the Sociedade Brasileira de Química, is presented.

  • Pinto, Angelo da Cunha; Peixoto, Eduardo Motta Alves; Galembeck, Fernando; Andrade, Jaílson Bittencourt de; De Paoli, Marco Aurélio; Avaca, Luis Alberto; Alves, Oswaldo Luiz

    Resumo em Inglês:

    The main objectives of this article are to present and discuss the facts that lead to the conception of JBCS in 1987, its birth in 1990 and the stages traveled until its consolidation. The community's of Chemistry participation and the role of the Sub-program of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of PADCT are emphasized.
Sociedade Brasileira de Química Secretaria Executiva, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 - bloco 3 - Superior, 05508-000 São Paulo SP - Brazil, C.P. 26.037 - 05599-970, Tel.: +55 11 3032.2299, Fax: +55 11 3814.3602 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: quimicanova@sbq.org.br
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