A comparative analysis of anatomopathological features and COX-2 expression of mammary neoplasms with malignant mesenchymal components in female dogs

Prates, Klaus S.; Oliveira, Priscilla L.; Bueno, Thaís S.; Damasceno, Karine A.; Driemeier, David; Sonne, Luciana; Pavarini, Saulo P.; Bertagnolli, Angélica C.

doi:10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-7186

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Small Animal Diseases • Pesq. Vet. Bras. 43 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-7186 copy

A comparative analysis of anatomopathological features and COX-2 expression of mammary neoplasms with malignant mesenchymal components in female dogs

Análise comparativa das características anatomopatológicas e expressão de COX2 em neoplasias mamárias com componentes mesenquimais malignos em cadelas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Canine mammary neoplasms with malignant mesenchymal components, such as carcinosarcomas and sarcomas, belong to an uncommon and histologically heterogeneous group. Little is known about the biological behavior of these histogenic variants. This study aimed to compare the clinicopathological characteristics and the COX-2 immunohistochemical expression of different histologic subtypes of carcinosarcomas and sarcomas. Samples of 23 carcinosarcomas and 15 sarcomas from the mammary glands of female dogs were studied. Medical records were reviewed to obtain clinical data. Subsequently, histology microscope slides were analyzed to assess for mesenchymal subtypes, necrosis, vascular invasion, histologic grades, and lymph node metastasis. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the COX-2 expression. The malignant mesenchymal proliferation was categorized into osteosarcomas (23/40), fibrosarcomas (5/40), liposarcomas (6/40) and chondrosarcomas (4/40). The osteosarcomatous differentiation was the most predominant type among the sarcomas and carcinosarcomas and was associated with vascular invasion (P=0.010) and lymph node metastases (P=0.014). High COX-2 expression was detected in 14.3% of the carcinosarcomas (carcinoma and/or sarcoma cells) and 27.3% of the sarcomas. The carcinosarcomas and sarcomas had similar clinical and pathological characteristics and developed as large tumors, with intratumoral necrosis and a predominance of high histologic grades, although the frequency of vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis was low. Osteosarcoma subtypes presented more aggressive characteristics than non-osteosarcoma subtypes.

INDEX TERMS:
Canine; carcinosarcoma; COX-2; mammary; mesenchymal; sarcoma; tumor

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[1] *Corresponding author: angelbertagnolli@gmail.com

		Osteosarcomatous n (%)	Non-osteosarcomatous n (%)	P-value
Tumor diameter
	< 5.0 cm	5 (21.7)	2 (13.3)	0.419
	>5.0 cm	18 (78.3)	13 (86.7)
Lymph node metastasis*
	Absent	6 (54.5)	12 (100.0)	0.014
	Present	5 (45.4)	0 (0)
Distant metastasis
	Absent	10 (100.0)	10 (90.9)	0.524
	Present	0 (0)	1 (9.09)
Necrosis
	<50.0%	14 (60.9)	12 (80.0)	0.190
	>50.0%	9 (39.1)	3 (20.0)
Vascular invasion*
	Absent	15 (65.2)	15 (100.0)	0.010
	Present	8 (34.8)	0 (0)
Histologic grade
	Low and intermediate	5 (21.7)	3 (20.0)	0.615
	High	18 (78.3)	12 (80.0)
COX-2*
	0-5	14 (73.7)	9 (90.0)	0.302
	6-12	5 (26.3)	1 (10.0)

		Osteoblastic (n=11)	Non-osteoblastic (n=12)				P-value
		Osteoblastic (n=11)	CH (n=1)	FS (n=5)	RGC (n=4)	TA (n=2)
		n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Tumor diameter
	<5.0 cm	3 (27.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (50.0)	0 (0)	0.455
	>5.0 cm	8 (72.7)	1 (100.0)	5 (100.0)	2 (50.0)	2 (100.0)
Lymph node metastasis*
	Absent	3 (60.0)	-	1 (50.0)	2 (66.7)	0 (0)	0.608
	Present	2 (40.0)	-	1 (50.0)	1 (33.3)	1 (100.0)
Distant metastasis
	Absent	5 (100.0)	1 (100.0)	2 (100.0)	2 (100.0)	1 (100.0)	-
	Present	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Necrosis
	<50.0%	8 (72.7)	0 (0)	2 (40.0)	3 (75.0)	1 (50.0)	0.247
	>50.0%	3 (27.3)	1 (100.0)	3 (60.0)	1 (25.0)	1 (50.0)
Vascular invasion*
	Absent	6 (54.5.0)	0 (0)	4 (80.0)	3 (75.0)	2 (100.0)	0.278
	Present	5 (45.4.0)	1 (100.0)	1 (20.0)	1 (25.0)	0 (0)
Histologic grade*
	Low and intermediate	4 (36.4)	0 (0)	1 (20.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.131
	High	7 (63.6)	1 (100.0)	4 (80.0)	4 (100.0)	2 (100.0)
COX-2*
	0-5	6 (60.0)	0 (0)	2 (100.0)	3 (100.0)	1 (100.0)	0.184
	6-12	4 (40.0)	1 (100.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)

		Carcinosarcoma n (%)	Sarcoma n (%)	P-value
Tumor diameter
	<5.0 cm	5 (21.7)	2 (13.3)	0.419
	>5.0 cm	18 (78.2)	13 (86.7)
Lymph node metastasis*
	Absent	12 (80.0)	5 (62.5)	0.334
	Present	3 (20.0)	3 (37.5)
Distant metastasis
	Absent	14 (93.3)	7 (100.0)	0.682
	Present	1 (6.7)	0 (0)
Necrosis
	<50%	16 (69.5)	10 (66.7)	0.563
	>50%	7 (30.4)	5 (33.3)
Vascular invasion *
	Absent	16 (69.6)	10 (66.7)	0.563
	Present	7 (30.4)	5 (33.3)
Histologic grade**
	Low or intermediate	6 (26.0)	2 (13.3)
	High	17 (74.0)	13 (86.7)	0.302
COX-2*
	0-5	14 (77.8)	8 (72.7)	0.547
	6-12	4 (22.2)	3 (27.3)