Interaction and language directed at children aged 15 months

Fuertes, Marina; Castro, Sofia; Alves, Maria João; Faria, Anabela; Osório, Tiago; Sousa, Otília

doi:10.1590/0103-656420160154

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Original Articles • Psicol. USP 28 (3) • Sep-Dec 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-656420160154 copy

Interaction and language directed at children aged 15 months

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

In this study we compare maternal and paternal interaction and speech directed to their children, in order to analyze differences and similitudes between the dyads. For that purpose, 80 dyads were taped in a free play situation - forty 15 months old children (25 girls, 15 boys) interacting with their parents. Results demonstrate no significant differences regarding the way mothers and fathers interact with their sons and daughters. However, differences in mothers versus fathers’ style of communication toward their children were found, particularly naming and positive evaluation behaviors. Although differences were found, we underline positive correlation in interaction and communication of cohabiting parents.

Keywords:
interaction; children directed speech; gender; parenthood

Time	Second by second.
Vocalizations by the adult	Transcription of: articulate language, words, interjections, onomatopeias, vocalic utterances and manifestations of other communicative behaviors (e.g., laughter).
Vocalizations by the child	Transcription of: articulate language, words, interjections, onomatopeias, vocalic utterances and manifestations of other communicative behaviors (e.g., laughter).
Nonverbal adult and child behaviors	Description of: movements of hands/arms and legs, facial expressions, movements.
Verbal and non-verbal affects	Behaviors with an evident affective tone - facial expression and/or voice tonality.
Context	Location, relative positioning of partners, distance between partners, intercurrences (e.g., outside noise).

	Maternal M	(SD)	Paternal M	(SD)
Simple Verbal Sequences	49.48	27.33	47.43	23.94
Interrupted Verbal Sequences	14.38	8.73	15.58	9.91
Expansive Verbal Sequences	6.35	5.36	6.15	5.24
Extensive Verb Sequences	11.50	10.33	8.55	7.93

		Maternal Verbal Behavior
		Simple sequences	Interrupted Sequences	Expansive Sequences	Extensive Sequences
Paternal Verbal Behavior	Simple sequences	0.673^***	-	-	-
	Interrupted Sequences	-	0.533^***	-	-
	Expansive Sequences	-	-	0.152	-
	Extensive Sequences	-	-	-	0.096

	Maternal M	(SD)	Paternal M	(SD)
Simple Nonverbal Sequences	7.20	6.06	7.13	5.40
Interrupted Nonverbal Sequences	6.25	4.33	6.20	4.39
Expansive Nonverbal Sequences	0.88	1.36	2.28	3.25
Extensive Nonverbal Sequences	1.40	2.24	1.70	3.00

		Maternal Nonverbal Behavior
		Simple sequences	Interrupted Sequences	Expansive Sequences	Extensive Sequences
Comportamento Não Verbal paterno	Simple sequences	-	-	-	-
	Interrupted Sequences	-	0,509^***	-	-
	Expansive Sequences	-	-	0,435	-
	Extensive Sequences	-	-	-	0,521

	Maternal	(SD)	Paternal	(SD)
Praise	0.38	0.77	0.05	0.31
Positive reinforcement	37.20	19.34	32.57	13.53
Negative reinforcement	0.72	1.37	1.12	2.25
Neutral reinforcement	3.47	3.75	4,700	4.63

	Maternal
	Praise	Positive Reinforcement	Negative Reinforcement	Neutral Reinforcement
Praise	-0.079	-	-	-
Positive reinforcement	-	0.559^***	-	-
Negative reinforcement		-	0.160	-
Neutral reinforcement	-	-	-	0.381

	Fat Quest	Mot att request	Fat att request	Mot action request	Fat action req	Mot expl	Fat expl	Mot ord	Fat ord	Mot praise	Fat Praise	With Mother	With Father
Mother’s questions	0.543^***	-0.012	0.067	0.227	-0.070	0.330^*	-0.005	0.034	0.316^*	0.053	-0.161	0.441^**	0.047
Father’s questions		0.068	-0.183	0.060	-0.022	0.068	0.125	0.101	0.365^*	-0.285	-0.007	0.481^**	0.244
Mother’s attention requests			0.369^*	0.345^*	0.276	-0.061	0.200	0.063	-0.035	0.053	-0.077	0.242	0.245
Father’s attention requests				0.170	0.108	0.207	0.320^*	0.133	0.064	0.091	-0.106	-0.166	0.075
Mother’s action request					0.099	0.217	0.285	0.133	0.111	0.147	0.009	0.264	0.237
Father’s action request						-0.079	0.265	0.185	-0.106	-0.111	-0.078	-0.073	0.165
Mother’s explanation							0.213	0.196	-0.104	0.110	0.115	0.199	-0.143
Father’s explanation								-0.068	-0.098	-0.265	0.334	-0.057	-0.101

Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 1721 - Bloco A, sala 202, Cidade Universitária Armando de Salles Oliveira, 05508-900 São Paulo SP - Brazil - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revpsico@usp.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] *Corresponding address: marinaf@eselx.ipl.pt

	M	(SD)
Gestational Age	M = 38.82	SD = 1.113
Apgar at 1 minute	M = 8.78	SD = 0.832
Apgar at 5 minutes	M = 9.75	SD = 0.75
	M	(SD)
Mothers age	M = 29.80	SD = 5.19
Fathers age	M = 33.90	SD = 6.58
Mothers education	M = 11.08	SD = 4.257
Fathers education	M = 9.27	SD = 4.466

1 - Interactive verbal sequences
Simple	Behavior of one partner and direct response by the other to maintain interaction.
Interrupted	The partner does not continue the other’s behavior.
Expansive	The partner accepts other’s behavior by reformulating or correcting.
Extensive	The partner accepts other’s behavior by widening to new possibilities.
2 - Verbal affects
Praise	Manifestation of appreciation by the other.
Positive reinforcement	Manifestation of support and appreciation of other’s verbal and/or nonverbal activity.
Negative reinforcement	Manifestation of indifference or disapproval of other’s verbal and/or nonverbal activity.
Neutral reinforcement	Manifestation of affect that cannot be included in the previous categories.
3 - Nonverbal affects
Positive facial expression	The partner is attentive, available, smiling and appropriate to the interaction.
Negative facial expression	The partner is inattentive, angry, tense and impassive.