Scientific production analysis of Brazilian researchers in communication sciences: the period from 2000 to 2009

Abstracts

Analysis and systematization of the of Brazilian researchers scientific production in communication science. This analysis was developed from the curriculum Lattes coordenated by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), in order to organize and identify which types of documents were used the most to disseminate the results research in the period 2000-2009 (books, chapter books or scientific papers). The results were analyzed according to the profile of action from different graduate programs and on the profile of researchers, making it clear that there is no substantial difference in the use of those vehicles, scientific papers and books, to publish their results.

Bibliometrics; Communication Sciences; Curriculum Lattes; Scientific production

Análise e mapeamento da produção científica de pesquisadores brasileiros em ciências da comunicação, a partir do currículo disponível no sistema Lattes do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), a fim de sistematizar e identificar quais tipologias documentais foram mais utilizadas para disseminação dos resultados de pesquisas no período de 2000-2009 (livros, capítulos de livros e artigos em revistas científicas). Os resultados foram analisados quanto ao perfil de atuação dos distintos programas de pós-graduação e quanto ao perfil dos pesquisadores deixando evidente que não existe diferença substancial no uso dos veículos “artigos de revistas” e “livros” para a publicação de seus resultados.

Bibliometria; Ciências da Comunicação; Currículo Lattes; Produção científica

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Analysis of Brazilian researchers' scientific production in communication sciences between 2000 and 2009¹

Analyse de la production scientifique des chercheurs brésiliens en sciences de la communication: la période de 2000 à 2009

Planeamiento de la producción científica de investigadores brasileños en ciencias de la comunicación: período de 2000 a 2009

Geni Aparecida Toffoli; Sueli Mara Soares Pinto Ferreira

University of São Paulo - USP

ABSTRACT

Analysis and mapping of Brazilian researchers' scientific production in communication sciences, as from the curriculum available at the Lattes system of the Brazilian National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), so as to systemize and to identify which documental typologies were most used for disseminating research results between 2000 and 2009 (books, book chapters and papers in scientific journals). The results were analyzed as to the actuation profiles of the different graduate programs and as to the researchers' profiles, which made evident that there is no substantial difference between the use of "journal papers" and "books" as media for publishing their results.

Keywords: Bibliometrics. Communication Sciences. Lattes Curriculum. Scientific production.

RÉSUMÉ

Analyse et systématisation de la production scientifique des chercheurs brésiliens en sciences de la communication, à travers de l'utilisation du curriculum disponible sur le système Lattes (Conseil National de Développement Scientifique et Technologique – CNPq), pour identifier et systématiser les types de documents les plus fréquemment utilisés pour la diffusion des résultats de recherches dans la période 2000-2009 (des livres, des chapitres de livres et des articles de revues cientifiques). Les résultats ont été analysés en fonction du profil d'action des différents programmes d'études supérieures et le profil des chercheurs, indiquant clairement qu'il n'y a pas de différence substantielle dans l'utilisation des véhicules "articles de revues" et "livres" pour la publication de ses résultats.

Mots-clés: Bibliométrie. Sciences de la Communication. Lattes. Production scientifique.

RESUMEN

Análisis y planeamiento de la producción científica de los investigadores brasileños en ciencias de la comunicación con base en el currículum disponible en el sistema Lattes del Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), con el fin de sistematizar e identificar qué tipologías documentales se utilizó más para diseminar los resultados de investigación en el período de 2000-2009 (libros, capítulos de libros e artículos de periódicos científicas). Se analizó los resultados en función del perfil de acción de los diferentes programas de posgrado y del perfil de los investigadores, por lo que es claro que no existe una diferencia sustancial en el uso de los vehículos "artículos de periódicos" y "libros" para la publicación de sus resultados.

Palabras-clave: Bibliometría. Ciencias de la comunicación. Currículum Lattes. Producción científica.

1 Introduction

The development of the current information and communication technologies, added to the advanced stage of digital technologies, has considerably impacted the ongoing scientific communication model and, and much more markedly, the resulting scientific production assessment models. Projects rediscussing the metrics in use, the distinct emerging documental typologies and their characteristics, the production contexts of the distinct and unique knowledge for each knowledge area reflecting their cultures for result generation, yearly grow in number and in quality.

One of these projects is METRICS - Metrics for assessing scientific production in social sciences focusing on the Brazilian communication sciences area, developed at the USP School of Communications and Arts, supported by FAPESP and CNPq. The project aims to propose and test alternative indicators to assess the scientific production in the social sciences area, more specifically the communication sciences area. Taking into account the diversity of products in the area, as well as their relevance and specific acknowledgement, concerning both monographs and journals for social sciences, it intends to survey such indicators by crossing citations between the journal papers and the books published between 2000 and 2009. The study corpus will be composed of the production by Brazilian researchers/authors or those linked to Brazilian institutions, such as: (a) papers published in the Brazilian graduate programs communication sciences journals and (b) books (monographs resulting from research) published by Brazilian authors, resulting from research projects. The focus lies on the review of the current metrics, starting from the identification, comparison and assessment of the citation standards used by authors of Brazilian scientific papers and monographs.

As stated by Ferreira (2010), the assessment of the scientific activities in all knowledge areas is conducted as from indicators based on citation counting², the expression of which is the Impact Factor (IF)³, and such metrics take as a base a single type of publication: scientific periodicals. According to the author, the IF has been the most common indicator used by the different upper assessment instances so as to qualify and direct policies towards researches. An example of this is the qualification established in Brazil by the Qualis system from the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Capes), which adopts this indicator for assessing professors and graduate courses (MUGNAINI, 2006; VILHENA and CRESTANA, 2002). Strehl (2005, p. 20) says that the fostering agencies "[...] are an assiduous audience of the index published by ISI [...] identifying the institutions that best correspond to the goals and objectives defined by them."

Nevertheless, centralizing scientific assessment in only one type of publication annuls the intrinsic singularities of each area knowledge – exact, biological and social - once there are different methodologies, theories and approaches used by each of them and their respective subareas/disciplines. As pointed out by Ferreira (op cit, p. 330) social sciences assessment is conducted as from citations in scientific journals, without considering that

[...] the structures, the disciplines and the specificities in the social sciences area, significantly differ from the equivalent entities in the natural sciences areas. In Brazil, this difference starts from the perception of the implicit heterogeneity in the different disciplines involved and covered by the social sciences label: Arts, Information Science, Communication Sciences, Philosophy, Law, Languages, Literature and Linguistics, Psychology, Business Administration and Economics, Anthropology, Archeology, Political Science [...]. It is also worth stressing that many of these disciplines, by themselves, already carry many and distinct subareas and specificities within them, as is the case of the Arts area, which involves music, plastic arts, theater, dance and others, or Communication Sciences which cover journalism, publicity, marketing, cinema, radio, editing, public relations and television.

Besides, several are the communication channels and publication typologies used by researchers in the social sciences areas to disseminate the results of studies or to exchange experiences. These may also vary as to the nature of the knowledge area, target public and purpose (MEADOWS, 1999). Consequently, citation standards are also different. Kobashi and Santos (2006), referring to the specificities and communicational behaviors of sciences, warn that

It is a known fact that the exact and biological science areas do not have the same publication culture as that of social sciences and humanities. Whereas the former two tend to privilege the publication of papers in journals, in humanities and social sciences, book publication is privileged. (p. 33)

Other evidences on the behavior of social sciences publications are highlighted in Diana Hicks's (2005) study, whereby the author points to the existence of three other types of literature used by the area, besides papers published in scientific journals, and the impacts of which have great importance at local level: monographs/books; national character literatures; and the non-scientific publications directed to non-experts (such as secondary school teachers or the public in general, as for example, informative magazines, newspapers, catalogues, etc.). According to the author, books receive 40% of the citations of the articles published in journals indexed by the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI), which reveals the value of this documental typology for the area, evidencing that such publication format should not be despised.

In a study related to the communication sciences field, which uses Brazilian theses and dissertations as a base, Romancini (2006) demonstrates that books are more referenced, reaching 51.6% of the citations.

The analysis of the citations of the works approved by the XVII Meeting of the Brazilian Association of the Communication Graduate Programs – Compós 2008, Primo and others (2008, p. 7) confirm the trend of using books as the main consultation source: 57.7% citations for books, 13% for book chapters and 14.1% for papers.

Faced with the results mentioned, the METRICS project objectives were defined, focused on in depth studies into the communication sciences researchers' behavior standards, that is, what and how much they publish, which the preferential communication channels of this scientific community are and their dispersion over the Brazilian territory. By systemizing the different activities and stages possible and necessary for the aforementioned behavior study, the proposal of outlining the Brazilian researcher publication profile in the communication sciences area was elected as a first analysis as from the "mapping of their scientific production" disseminated by means of the Lattes CV. This paper describes the methodology used and the results obtained in this first stage of the larger project (METRICS).

Our purpose, therefore, is to analyze and to map the scientific production of communication sciences Brazilian researchers, as from the curriculum available at the Lattes Platform from the Brazilian National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), in order to systemize and to identify which documental typologies were most used for disseminating the research results between 2000 and 2009.

2 Methodological procedures

The study specifically focuses the identification of Brazilian researchers in the communication sciences area, and establishing the criteria for identifying this sample is initially made necessary. Aiming to ensure that the profiles analyzed were actually those of Brazilian researchers, the survey of all the professors registered in the 37 communication sciences graduate programs authorized by CAPES was defined as a strategy. An individual visit to the sites of such programs allowed the identification of the professors/researchers and their full name recovery.

Based on this list, the second stage was finding the individual Lattes curricula and collecting the productions there declared, concerning journal papers, books and book chapters, published between 2000 and 2009.

As a third stage, all the metadata collected, concerning the distinct productions, were stored in an Excel file. At that moment, co-authored works were identified and repetitions were excluded.

Next, at the fourth stage, an extense normalization activity on the metadata surveyed concerning the books, chapters and papers published was necessary, so as to equalize contents and ensure the possibility of compatibility and comparison of the data.

Lastly, at the fifth stage, the final computation and analysis of the production of Brazilian researchers in papers and in books/book chapters observed two indicators: a) production of papers versus production of books and chapters and b) production as per documental typology distributed throughout the graduate programs and their respective regions.

3 Collection /analysis of data and results

3.1 Identification of Brazilian researchers in the focused area

The survey was initially conducted at the Brazilian Association of the Communication Graduate Programs (Compós) site, and later these programs certification was confirmed at the Capes portal of the Ministry of Education (MEC). 37 Graduate Programs in Communication Sciences (PPG/COM) were identified, all of them with master's and 15 with doctoral programs.

Out of the 37 PPG/COM identified, three are located in the Center-West Region of Brazil; five in the Northeast; a single PPG/COM in the North Region; seven in the South Region; and 21 of them are in the Southeast Region, as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Figure 2 above shows the distribution of the PPG/COM per federation units, which allows observing that the State of São Paulo concentrates the largest number of programs: 14 overall. The other 23 programs are distributed as follows: four in Rio Grande do Sul; four in Rio de Janeiro; three in Minas Gerais; two in the Federal District; two in Paraná; and Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Goiás, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte and Santa Catarina each host one PPG/COM.

Figure 2.

In relation to the administrative sectors (public and private) to which the PPG/COM are linked, the scenario is presented as follows: 14 programs in the private sector and 23 in the public sector, 16 being federal, six state and one municipal program, as observed in Figure 3 below.

Figure 3.

As to the distribution per geographic regions they are observed to be: 14 PPG/COM of the private sector, one located in the Center-West, ten in the Southeast Region and three in the South Region. The 23 PPG/COM linked to the public sector are distributed as follows: out of the 16 linked to the federal government, one is located in the North Region, five in the Northeast, two in the Center-West, five in the Southeast and three in the South of Brazil; linked to state governments, there are six PPG/COM, five of which in the Southeast Region and one in the South Region; linked to the municipal government, there is only one in the Southeast Region, as schematized in figure 4 below:

Figure 4.

A visit to the individual graduate programs sites provided the professors' name list and, when possible, the URL of the curriculum in the Lattes Platform of the CNPq. As a result, a bulk total of 519 names were obtained, being 498 tenured professors, three visiting professors, 14 collaborating professors and four associate professors, as shown in Table 1. Nevertheless, 16 professors appear in more than one PPG/COM. For this reason, repetitions were eliminated, hence obtaining a real total of 503 names.

Table 1

The data schematized in the table above evidence the programs and the respective total professors affiliated to them. The largest number of professors is concentrated at the USP PPG/COM (46), followed by UFRJ (27), UnB (25) and UFF (20), the four of them belonging to the public sector and three of them located in the Southeast Region. Among the programs with a smaller number of professors, are ESPM (07), USCS and UFSCar (08 each), PUC-RJ, UFSM, UNISO, UAM, PUC-MG, UEL and UCB (09 each), six of them affiliated to private sector institutions and four affiliated to the public sector.

With such a list completed, the localization of the Lattes curricula for collecting the professors' scientific production was started, as well as the standardization of names according to the ones in the Lattes Platform which, at times, differed from the list of names contained in the site of each graduate program. Some curricula were verified to be outdated, and one curriculum could not be found.

3.2 Survey into the Brazilian researcher bibliographic production between 2000 and 2009

The 503 professors' curricula were analyzed individually and each registration of documents listed by them in the categories "full papers published in periodicals", "published/organized books or editions" and "book chapters", published between 2000 and 2009, was recovered and inserted in an Excel spreadsheet.

A total bulk number of 6520 was obtained in documents categorized as "papers", 1772 "books" and 4635 "book chapters", which were distributed according to the author's affiliation to the graduate program – Table 2.

Table 2

Most of the Graduate programs (72.2%) produced up to 400 documents (papers, books and book chapters), whereas seven programs are above the 500 documents range, with detachment to the University of São Paulo PPG/COM, which exceeded the 1,000 documents range. The systematization of the production per documental typology of the researchers allowed the elaboration of a graph with the total production of documents per Graduate Program, as shown in figure 5 below.

Figure 5.

3.2.1 Análise e seleção dos artigos de periódicos publicados de 2000 a 2009

At the end of the collection and preparation of the Excel spreadsheet with all the data originated in LATTES, their identification was conducted and standardization was started. This was strenuous and slow work due to the large amount of missing information, typing errors and to the incorrect classification of the production. Many of the documents declared by professors as "periodical articles" were actually reviews, interviews, presentations, sites, etc., sometimes published in magazines. Several other documents were published in magazines, but not necessarily scientific journals. Therefore, the scientificity concept of the articles was many times compromised.

Hence, as a basis for this study, articles published in journals identified as effectively scientific were considered, either due to their affiliation to a graduate program, or for being indexed in a scientific database (for example; SciELO, WOS, SCOPUS, REDALYC, etc.).

Out of the 6520 articles identified, 766 (12%) articles were published in international scientific journals (Spanish, French, Colombian, Argentinian, etc.), 1659 (25%) were published in Brazilian graduate programs journals. The remaining 4095 documents were partly:

a) published in other periodicals in the area, but not the ones coordinated by the PPG/COM (among them articles published in LOGOS, Verso and Reverso, etc.);

b) published in journals of other areas, and;

c) other types of documents (reviews, interviews, works presented in events, catalogues, documents reporting study group works, documents in sites, etc.).

Table 3. Classification of articles

By specifically analyzing the 1659 papers published in the 24 Brazilian journals along those ten years, the publication average per PPG/COM was verified to be 44.8 papers, and the publication average per researchers to be 3.3 papers. However, dividing this number per year, one has: 4.48 papers per PPG/COM and 0.33 papers per professor.

Figure 6 below demonstrates the distribution of these papers (1659) among the journals coordinated by the graduate programs.

Figure 6.

The four national journals most sought by Brazilian researchers for publication are observed to be: Famecos, Compós, Intercom and Communicação & Sociedade, with 226, 152, 118 and 114 papers, respectively. In turn, the journals that published the least were Lâmina from UFPE and Comunicologia from UCB in Brasília, with two and six papers, respectively.

Distributing these values per Geographic regions, in relation to the journals origin, the following results are obtained: the Southeast and South regions account for 51% and 30% of the paper publications, respectively. Next comes the Center West Region with 15% of the production; the Northeast region with 4% and, lastly, the North Region which scored no points.

Out of the federation units, the ones publishing the most are: São Paulo with 36%; Rio Grande do Sul with 24%; Federal District with 12%; and Rio de Janeiro with 11%. Adding the other federation units (BA, PB, PE, GO, MG, PR and SC), they total 18.12%. These data are expressed in Table 4.

It was also possible to obtain an overview of the papers per year of publication (Table 5), in which 2007 and 2008 were the most productive, with 229 and 240 publications, respectively.

Table 5.

The publications in national journals follow an upward trend from 2000 to 2008, with a drop in publications in 2009. Figure 7 allows a better visualization of this evolution.

Figure 7.

3.2.2 Analysis and selection dos books published/organized by the PPG/COM professors

The analysis and selection of this documental typology were prioritized due to the difficulty in locating the works, once their availability in electronic means is not so common, as opposed to what occurs with journal papers. The activity aimed to conduct a first selection in the database. Based on the definition by Cunha and Cavalcanti (2008, p. 231), in which a "book" is characterized for being a "[...] an individual publication, containing at least 50 pages [...]", all the documents with a smaller number of pages were discarded. Besides this first criterion, it was established that the following would not be part of the study:

– publications previous to 2000;

– translated books;

– titles not deriving from scientific research (technical, didactic books /text; products of events and annals; institutional and project reports; books with institutional authorship);

– and the documents that failed to correspond to this documental typology, despite their being included in the LATTES as such.

Additionally to these characteristics, it was adopted as a rule that only one title would be kept independently of multiple authors and the books most recent editions, the former ones being eliminated.

Even though the book chapters published by Brazilian researchers and disseminated in their respective Lattes curricula have been collected and previously mentioned, they will not be treated herein seeing that the major focus of this paper is to observe the use standard of the book means versus the paper means.

As from this first selection, the 1772 books spotted were classified into three categories, as shown in Table 6.

The 413 documents not selected for this study refer to materials that did not meet the requirements previously established (they are thus translations, non-scientific books, events annals and other non-monographic documents).

In a comparative analysis between the monographic and the organized works, at that first moment, a balance was verified to exist, once the numerical difference between the two categories is of only 38 items. Individually, the largest difference between the two categories of books (organized and monographic) is that of UMESP, with 24 titles, followed by UNIMAR, with 14; FACASPER and PUCRS with 13; ESPM and UFSM with 12 and; UFF and UNICAMP with an 11-title difference.

For the social sciences area, an organized book is a common practice, deriving from the various meetings and work meetings that eventually lead to the organization of books containing the compilations of the major researchers' and/or guests' texts.

Table 7, as follows, presents the distribution of the production of monographs, organized books and reference sources per PPG/COM.

Table 7.

Based on this distribution and classification of books, the average production of books per professor was verified to be 2.7 and the average of books per PPG/COM to be 36.7. In turn, the average per PPG/COM/year is 3.67 books and the average per researcher/year is 0.27 books.

Table 8 presents the distribution of the books published per typology and year of publication:

Table 8.

By analyzing the yearly production of books, the years 2007 and 2008 concentrated the largest number of publications, with 169 and 200 publications respectively. Figure 8 indicates that there was an increase in publications from 2000 to 2002, a slight fall in 2003, a new growth from 2004 to 2008 and another fall in 2009. This low productivity in 2009 may be explained by taking into account the collection period for the study (between late 2009 and early 2010), and the curricular updating of each professor.

Figure 8.

During the selection activity and the establishment of book categories, some inconsistencies were detected concerning the standardization of the references made available in the professor's curricula, as for example, publication place and publisher, incomplete titles and documents not consistent with the "book" category, demanding a longer time than that foreseen for completing the activity.

4 Final considerations

Along this study, a scenario of the Brazilian production was obtained both in terms of documents and their dispersion over the Brazilian territory, and in relation to the number of graduate programs, their regional distribution and per federation units. The data collected and analyzed in the period have, at each completed activity, provided a fundamental base for carrying on the research, as well as the necessary subsidies to the greater project in which it is inserted, that is, METRICS

The results so far obtained not only demonstrate the Graduate Programs concentration in the Southeast region, but also the larger number of professors and of publications in the same region, especially in the State of São Paulo, in detriment, for example, of the North Region in Brazil, which may point to a greater directioning of financial, human and infra-structure resources to the communication sciences Graduate Programs located in the Southeast region. These findings may, in turn, provide elements for a future, more thorough study into these regional differences.

Concerning the behavior of scientific production, the study evidenced that there is no significant difference between the results found referring to the publication of papers (6.520) and books/book chapters (6.407). Such a result corroborates Hicks's (2005) study, evidencing a balance in the choice of the documental typology to be used for disseminating research results.

Yet, a point calling and deserving attention is the lack of standadization and completeness of data of the references, a negative factor, once this hinders data handling and filtering, which may lead to errors in data tabulation and, obviously, in the definition of quality and production indicators for the area. Another and equally complex finding, concerning the accurate results of scientific production, was the existence of different types of documents inserted in the paper and book categories of the Lattes curricula (for example, editorials, interviews, forewords, reviews, articles in non-scientific newspapers and magazines among others).

It is worth stressing that, at this first moment of the study, papers published in journals coordinated by PPG/COM and books, always by Brazilian authors, were analyzed covering the period between 2000 and 2009. In the next step of the research, a study into the citation of the books and papers here identified will be conducted aiming to verify the crossing of citations among them. That is, we seek to map which books are cited in journal papers and which journals are cited in the books.

Hence, the continuity of the study and its results may still serve as the base for a future comparative analysis related to scientific production both within the area and among the different areas of knowledge. They will also allow the prospection of a relationship network of researchers intra and inter-programs, of the research trends in Communication Sciences.

References

Received: 02/05/2011

Accepted: 31/05/2011

Geni Aparecida Toffoli, BA in Librarianship and Documentation from ECA/USP; FAPESP scientific initiation grantee with the METRICS project – Process nº 2009/17709-7. E-mail: [e-mail] Mara Soares Pinto Ferreira, Professor at ECA/USP and Director of the USP Integrated Library System. Professor of generation and use of information. E-mail: [e-mail]

• Cunha, M. B. da, & Cavalcanti, C. R. de O. (2008). Dicionário de biblioteconomia e arquivologia Brasília, DF: Briquet de Lermos.
• Ferreira, S. M. S. P. (2010). Em busca de novas métricas de avaliaçăo da produçăo científica em cięncias da comunicaçăo. Observatório (OBS*) Journal, 4(1), 323- 348. Recuperado em 23 de maio de 2010, de http://www.obs.obercom.pt/ index.php/obs/article/viewArticle/322
• Hicks, D. (2005). The four literatures of social sciences. Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 1(1), 1-20. Recuperado em 02 de novembro de 2009, de http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?ar ticle=1015& context=diana_hicks
• Kobashi, N. Y., & Santos, R. N. M. (2006). Institucionalizaçăo da pesquisa científica no Brasil: cartografia temática e de redes sociais por meio de técnicas bibliométricas. Transinformaçăo, 18(1), 27-36. Recuperado em 07 de junho de 2010, de http://revistas.puc-campinas.edu.br/transinfo/viewarticle.php? id=144
• Meadows, A. J. (1999). A comunicaçăo científica. Brasília, DF: Briquet de Lemos.
• Mugnaini, R. (2006). Caminhos para a adequaçăo da produçăo científica brasileira: impacto nacional versus internacional Tese de Doutorado, Programa de Pós-Graduaçăo em Cięncia da Informaçăo, Escola de Comunicaçőes e Artes, Universidade de Săo Paulo, Săo Paulo. Recuperado em 05 de maio de 2010, de http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27151/tde-11052007- 091052
• Primo, A., & Stumpf, I. (2008). Análise de citaçőes dos trabalhos da Compós 2008. E-Compós, 11(3), Recuperado em 05 de maio de 2010, de http://www. compos.org.br/seer/index.php/e-compos/article/viewFile/328/311
• Romancini, R. (2006). O campo científico da comunicaçăo no Brasil: institucionalizaçăo e capital científico Tese de Doutorado, Programa de Pós-Graduaçăo em Cięncias da Comunicaçăo, Escola de Comunicaçőes e Artes, Universidade de Săo Paulo, Săo Paulo. Recuperado em 05 de maio de 2010, de http:// www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27152/tde-07052009-150949
• Strehl, L. (2005). O fator de impacto do ISI e a avaliaçăo da produçăo científica: aspectos conceituais e metodológicos. Cięncia da Informaçăo, 34(1), 19-27. Recuperado em 23 de maio de 2010, de www.scielo.br/pdf/ci/v34n1/a03 v34n1.pdf
• Vilhena, V., & Crestana, M. F. (2002). Produçăo científica: critérios de avaliaçăo de impacto. Revista da Associaçăo Médica Brasileira, 48(1), 20-21. Recuperado em 25 de maio de 2010, de http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S01044 2302002000100024&script=sci_arttext

¹

Paper resulting from research activities in the METRICS Project – "Metrics for the assessment of scientific production in social sciences: focusing the Brazilian communication sciences area", FAPESP Process no. 2009/08808-1 and CNPq.

²

Citation indicators are constructed by counting the number of citations received by a periodical paper publication. (KOBASHI and SANTOS, 2006, p. 32)

³

The IF was proposed by Eugene Garfield in the early 1960s, in the ambit of the

Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), the content of which is made available at the

Science Citation Index (SCI),

Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) and

Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI) databases.

⁴

The IF was proposed by Eugene Garfield in the early 1960s, in the ambit of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), the content of which is made available at the Science Citation Index (SCI), Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) and Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI) databases.

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  18 July 2011
• Date of issue
  June 2011

History

• Received
  02 May 2011
• Accepted
  31 May 2011