Cognitive Abilities, Debt, Roads and their Impact on Deaths in Traffic in Brazil

Mazzei, Rodrigo Focosi; Batista, Camila Lemos; Antonelli-Ponti, Mayra; Fukusima, Sérgio Sheiji; Silva, José Aparecido da

doi:10.1590/0102.3772e3755

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Social, Work and Organizations Psychology • Psic.: Teor. e Pesq. 37 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e3755 copy

Cognitive Abilities, Debt, Roads and their Impact on Deaths in Traffic in Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Deaths in traffic represent a global and multicausal problem. We verified, through a linear regression model, that cognitive abilities (CA) and population indebtedness (PI) predict, together, 56% of the variation of death rates in the traffic (DT) of the twenty-seven states of Brazil. CA’s are related to a greater control of the attention and, possibly, to a greater compliance with norms for preventing traffic accidents, has a greater impact than PI on DT, since PI associates to only one deficit of people's attention resources. The decrease of PI and the improvement of CA can decrease DT.

Keywords:
PISA; debt; drivers; vehicles; deaths

States or FD	2006			2009			2012
States or FD	n	M	SD	n	M	SD	n	M	SD
Rondônia	11.873	395.83	69.90	13.346	391.82	70.68	16.599	390.38	67.43
Acre	4.382	356.31	84.07	3.966	362.93	67.48	8.579	373.85	69.35
Amazonas	18.925	361.75	86.96	39.422	370.93	73.75	37.385	371.16	68.90
Roraima	2.910	385,72	78.44	2.598	365.14	72.81	5.971	371.30	81.01
Pará	35.982	391.02	86.60	52.574	375.97	79.29	60.780	374.66	71.78
Amapá	4.023	366.12	83.27	5.252	372.53	67.19	8.063	379.48	70.28
Tocantins	12.466	362.36	85.29	15.313	382.11	80.09	19.570	374.88	77.22
Maranhão	43.507	330.13	93.49	59.041	403.98	73.42	74.662	349.06	81.32
Piauí	16.834	384.63	79.39	25.626	373.95	80.94	36.940	392.50	80.86
Ceará	67.419	381.35	95.16	110.031	375.85	82.56	108.284	379.86	82.73
Rio Grande do Norte	26.195	364.10	86.38	36.661	371.02	83.03	31.980	385.51	82.41
Paraíba	20.630	389.95	93.46	34.397	384.93	84.07	44.110	401.79	83.95
Pernambuco	55.935	355.10	87.24	84.571	380.55	86.64	96.126	366.83	71.75
Alagoas	22.496	375.24	84.56	22.566	354.28	84.21	30.996	344.87	70.83
Sergipe	11.154	402.24	100.82	20.027	372.22	73.73	22.576	383.12	77.11
Bahia	100.825	362.85	77.34	132.589	381.51	83.62	148.526	374.57	83.19
Minas Gerais	224.682	407.29	92.31	182.653	384.93	84.07	260.598	414.77	77.88
Espirito Santo	29.237	403.24	94.55	40.180	355.49	74.52	41.091	421.57	87.02
Rio de Janeiro	126.717	410.52	97.11	156.865	408.06	98.47	194.140	394.21	78.32
São Paulo	438.041	383.39	80.75	583.661	408.81	82.70	591.268	413.97	79.43
Paraná	113.736	418.81	93.03	122.045	417.23	83.59	153.894	412.58	83.80
Santa Catarina	61.893	433.80	88.47	62.414	428.24	78.39	69.025	417.72	79.10
Rio Grade do Sul	103.154	421.90	78.49	110.671	423.89	82.88	127.039	419.29	70.24
Mato Grosso do Sul	20.586	400.93	81.26	22.743	375.97	79.29	28.687	416.21	73.51
Mato Grosso	25.481	369.72	78.51	33.411	422.25	94.02	43.129	375.01	76.63
Goiás	59.893	393.67	83.56	71.383	389.26	72.53	63.873	388.04	74.85
Distrito Federal	24.225	429.85	109.12	28.905	438.95	80.42	36.096	422.17	84.11
Mean	62.341	387	87	76.774	388	80	87.407	389	77

States and FD	n	M	DP	PISA Index^a (base: DF = 100)	SD related to the PISA Index
Rondônia	41.818	392.67	69.34	91.25	16.11
Acre	16.927	364.36	73.64	84.67	17.11
Amazonas	95.731	367.95	76.54	85.51	17.79
Roraima	11.480	374.05	77.42	86.92	17.99
Pará	149.336	380.55	79.22	88.43	18.41
Amapá	17.337	372.71	73.58	86.61	17.10
Tocantins	47.350	373.12	80.87	86.71	18.79
Maranhão	177.210	361.06	82.75	83.90	19.23
Piauí	79.399	383.69	80.40	89.16	18.68
Ceará	285.733	379.02	86.81	88.08	20.17
Rio Grande do Norte	94.836	373.54	83.94	86.81	19.51
Paraíba	99.138	392.22	87.16	91.15	20.25
Pernambuco	236.632	367.49	81.88	85.40	19.03
Alagoas	76.058	358.13	79.87	83.22	18.56
Sergipe	53.757	385.86	83.89	89.67	19.49
Bahia	381.940	372.98	81.39	86.67	18.91
Minas Gerais	667.933	402.33	84.75	93.50	19.70
Espirito Santo	110.508	393.43	85.37	91.43	19.84
Rio de Janeiro	477.722	404.26	91.30	93.94	21.22
São Paulo	1.612.969	402.06	80.96	93.43	18.81
Paraná	389.675	416.21	86.81	96.72	20.17
Santa Catarina	193.332	426.59	81.99	99.13	19.05
Rio Grade do Sul	340.865	421.69	77.20	98.00	17.94
Mato Grosso do Sul	72.016	397.70	78.02	92.42	18.13
Mato Grosso	102.021	389.00	83.05	90.40	19.30
Goiás	195.148	390.33	76.98	90.71	17.89
Distrito Federal	89.226	430.32	91.22	100.00	21.20
Mean	226.522	388	81	90	19

States and FD	PISA Index ^a (base: DF = 100)	SD related the PISA Index	PI ^b	IFA ^c	RBT ^d	DT ^e
Rondônia	91.25	16.11	42.15	37.30	7.65	58.81
Acre	84.67	17.11	81.76	27.50	24.15	49.73
Amazonas	85.51	17.79	28.46	38.10	27.95	51.26
Roraima	86.92	17.99	101.81	32.60	11.25	64.21
Pará	88.43	18.41	47.49	31.80	21.65	77.81
Amapá	86.61	17.10	99.43	36.40	15.85	67.66
Tocantins	86.71	18.79	58.14	36.20	15.50	69.03
Maranhão	83.90	19.23	73.96	36.00	13.90	93.20
Piauí	89.16	18.68	58.13	32.80	11.80	100.00
Ceará	88.08	20.17	29.22	28.80	10.50	66.45
Rio Grande do Norte	86.81	19.51	52.02	27.70	11.70	43.97
Paraíba	91.15	20.25	55.08	27.30	10.70	71.88
Pernambuco	85.40	19.03	21.48	28.40	12.40	58.31
Alagoas	83.22	18.56	53.41	32.50	2.10	92.34
Sergipe	89.67	19.49	66.50	28.40	16.50	70.30
Bahia	86.67	18.91	32.04	29.50	9.75	55.44
Minas Gerais	93.50	19.70	19.32	25.00	11.60	34.88
Espirito Santo	91.43	19.84	21.79	25.00	16.60	48.10
Rio de Janeiro	93.94	21.22	18.53	27.00	8.50	36.29
São Paulo	93.43	18.81	16.02	23.90	1.60	20.27
Paraná	96.72	20.17	19.71	24.70	9.50	35.81
Santa Catarina	99.13	19.05	18.34	22.30	12.60	32.60
Rio Grade do Sul	98.00	17.94	21.21	25.30	12.20	23.87
Mato Grosso do Sul	92.42	18.13	21.59	24.40	9.55	44.45
Mato Grosso	90.40	19.30	39.87	30.60	11.80	57.59
Goiás	90.71	17.89	26.31	28.00	13.70	41.67
Distrito Federal	100.00	21.20	29.46	30.20	2.35	26.86
Mean	90.14	18.90	42.71	29.54	12.35	55.29

Note^a The PISA Index referred to the proportion of students' average scores, from each state of Brazil, based on the PISA average of the Federal District (base: FD = 100). ^b PI consisted of the average of checks returned for the 2nd time, in the years 2006, 2009 and 2012. ^c IFA referred to 2015 ^d RBT average rating in the bad and terrible categories for paved highways. ^e DT ratio between the number of deaths in traffic by the vehicle fleet in the states of Brazil (years 2006, 2009 and 2012), base: Piauí = 100. Sources: CNT (2015Confederação Nacional de Transporte. (2015). Pesquisa CNT de Rodovias 2015 [CNT highway survey 2015]. http://pesquisarodoviascms.cnt.org.br/Relatorio%20Geral/PESQUISACNT2015BAIXA.pdf
http://pesquisarodoviascms.cnt.org.br/Re... ), DENATRAN (2016bDepartamento Nacional de Trânsito (2016b). Frotas de veículos - 2002 [Vehicle fleets - 2002]. https://infraestrutura.gov.br/component/content/article/115-portal-denatran/8552-estat%C3%ADsticas-frota-de-ve%C3%ADculos-denatran.html
https://infraestrutura.gov.br/component/... ), FECOMERCIO (2015FECOMERCIO (2015). Radiografia do crédito e do endividamento das famílias nas capitais brasileiras Comparações 2013 -2016 [X-ray of credit and indebtedness of families in Brazilian capitals. Comparisons 2013 -2016]. https://www.fecomercio.com.br/public/upload/file/2017/01/30/radiografia_do_endividamento_das_fam_lias_envio.pdf
https://www.fecomercio.com.br/public/upl... ), OCDE (2016 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2016). PISA: Programe for international Student assessment. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/
https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/... ), SERASA (2016Serasa Experian. (2016). Indicadores econômicos [Economic indicators]. https://www.serasaexperian.com.br/amplie-seus-conhecimentos/indicadores-economicos
https://www.serasaexperian.com.br/amplie... ) e Waiselfisz (2013Waiselfisz, J. J. (2013, Janeiro). Mapa da Violência 2013 Acidentes de trânsito e motocicletas [Map of violence 2013. Traffic accidents and motorcycles]. Centro Brasileiro de Estudos Latino-Americanos https://mapadaviolencia.net.br/pdf2013/mapa2013_transito.pdf
https://mapadaviolencia.net.br/pdf2013/m... , 2014Waiselfisz, J. J. (2014, Julho). Prévia do Mapa da Violência 2014 Os jovens do Brasil [Preview of the map of violence 2014. Young people in Brazil]. Centro Brasileiro de Estudos Latino-Americanos. Recuperado de http://www.mapadaviolencia.org.br/pdf2014/Mapa2014_JovensBrasil.pdf
http://www.mapadaviolencia.org.br/pdf201... ).

	DT 2006	DT 2009	DT 2012	DT (M)
PISA 2006	r = - 0.53; p = 0.004
PISA 2009		r = - 0.51; p = 0.006
PISA 2012			r = - 0.72; p < 0.001
PISA (M)				r = - 0.71; p < 0.001

	DT 2006	DT 2009	DT 2012	DT (M)
PI 2006	r = 0.58; p = 0.002
PI 2009		r = 0.65; p < 0.001
PI 2012			r = 0.53; p = 0.005
PI (M)				r = 0.61; p = 0.001
IFA 2015 ^a	r = 0.65; p < 0.001	r = 0.60; p = 0.001	r = 0.58; p = 0.002	r = 0.63; p < 0.001

	DT 2006	DT 2009	DT 2012	DT M
RBT 2015	r = 0.18; p = 0.36
RBT 2015		r = 0.17; p = 0.41
RBT 2015			r = 0.19; p = 0.34
RBT 2015				r = 0.19; p = 0.35

	PI 2006	PI 2009	PI 2012	PI (M)	IFA ^a
PISA2006	r = - 0.47; p = 0.013				r = - 0.57; p = 0.002
PISA2009		r = - 0.42; p = 0.03			r = - 0.28; p = 0.17
PISA2012			r = - 0.49; p = 0.01		r = - 0.67; p < 0.001
PISA (M)				r = - 0.58; p = 0.001	r = - 0.59; p = 0.001

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