Temperaturas de germinação e tratamentos para superação de dormência em sementes de <i>Belamcanda chinensis</i>

Silva, Girlânio Holanda da; Baldini, Lenise Santos; Tomaz, Camila Aquino; Rossi, Rubiana Falopa; Nakagawa, João

doi:10.1590/1983-40632017v4749059

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Scientific Articles • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 47 (4) • Oct-Dec 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632017v4749059 copiar

Temperaturas de germinação e tratamentos para superação de dormência em sementes de Belamcanda chinensis

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Belamcanda chinensis é uma planta ornamental cultivada como erva medicinal em seus países de origem: China e Japão. É propagada por rizomas e sementes, mas pouco se sabe sobre as condições ideais para a sua germinação. Objetivou-se avaliar temperaturas de germinação e tratamentos para superar a dormência das sementes. Foram realizados dois experimentos, sendo que o primeiro avaliou os efeitos de temperaturas constantes de 20 ºC, 25 ºC e 30 ºC (no escuro) e 20-30 ºC com luz (fotoperíodo de 8 h), e o segundo envolveu a remoção de combinações da estrutura do tegumento das sementes (com e sem tegumento), com pré-hidratação a 7 ºC, 30 ºC ou sem pré-hidratação, além de tratamento adicional sem tegumento ou pré-hidratação. A alternância da temperatura resulta em melhores efeitos nas variáveis avaliadas, enquanto, para temperaturas constantes, há pouca ou nenhuma germinação. A remoção da estrutura do tegumento externo e das sementes pré-hidratadas a 30 ºC acelera o processo germinativo.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE:
Dormência de sementes; pré-hidratação; remoção de tegumento

Temperature	RE (%)	G (%)	AS (%)	NGS (%)
30 ºC	0.7 (0 c)	0.7 (0 c)	0.7 (0 b)	1.25 (100 a)
25 ºC	0.7 (0 c)	0.7 (0 c)	0.7 (0 b)	1.25 (100 a)
20 ºC	0.2 (4 b)	0.2 (4 b)	0.7 (0 b)	1.13 (96 b)
20-30 ºC	0.96 (80 a)	0.89 (72 a)	0.28 (8 a)	0.44 (20 c)
CV (%)	10.77	15.61	23.22	2.63

Temperature	RE (%)	G (%)	AS (%)	DS (%)	RESI	GSI	RET	GT
30 ºC	0.95 (78 a)	0.93 (76 a)	0.14 (2 b)	0.47 (22 a)	0.36 (12.97 a)	0.31 (9.34 a)	0.18 (3.31 a)	0.21 (4.25 a)
25 ºC	0.94 (77 a)	0.93 (76 a)	0.10 (1 b)	0.48 (23 a)	0.31 (9.54 b)	0.28 (8.10 a)	0.21 (4.51 b)	0.23 (5.22 b)
20 ºC	0.98 (82 a)	0.96 (80 a)	0.14 (2 b)	0.43 (18 a)	0.21 (4.22 c)	0.19 (3.74 b)	0.31 (9.81 c)	0.33 (11.09 c)
20-30 ºC	0.96 (80 a)	0.90 (72 a)	0.06 (8 a)	0.45 (20 a)	0.22 (4.92 c)	0.19 (3.69 b)	0.30 (9.20 c)	0.32 (10.46 c)
CV (%)	5.02	5.02	32.22	10.51	14.55	11.44	7.85	5.79

Outer tegument structure	Pre-hydration treatment
Outer tegument structure	7 ºC	30 ºC	Without	Mean
	Primary root emission (%)
ROT	1.04 (88)	1.01 (85)	0.96 (80)	1.00 (84.3 A⁽¹⁾ (1) Original means, between parentheses, followed by the same lower case letter in the line and capital letter in the column do not differ according to the Tukey test, at 5 %. )
OT	1.05 (89)	1.02 (86)	1.00 (84)	1.02 (86.3 A)
Mean	1.04 (88.5 a)	1.01 (85.5 a)	0.98 (82.0 a)
Control	0.94 (77.0)
CV (%)	10.61
	Germination (%)
ROT	1.01 (85^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.98 (82^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.89 (71)	0.96 (79.3 A)
OT	1.04 (88^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	1.00 (84^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.91 (74^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.98 (82.0 A)
Mean	1.02 (86.5 a)	0.99 (83.0 ab)	0.90 (72.5 b)
Control	0.74 (52.0)
CV (%)	9.37
	Abnormal seedlings (%)
ROT	0.17 (3^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.17 (3^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.3 (9^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.22 (5.0 A)
OT	0.10 (1^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.14 (2^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.32 (10^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.21 (4.3 a)
Mean	0.14 (2.0 b)	0.16 (2.5 a)	0.31 (9.5 a)
Control	0.50 (25)
CV (%)	28.46
	Dead seeds (%)
ROT	0.35 (12)	0.17 (15)	0.30 (20)	0.22 (15.7 a)
OT	0.10 (11)	0.14 (14)	0.32 (16)	0.21 (13.7 a)
Mean	0.14 (11.5 a)	0.16 (14.5 a)	0.31 (18.0 a)
Control	0.50 (23)
CV (%)	26.04

Outer tegument structure	Pre-hydration treatment
Outer tegument structure	7 ºC	30 ºC	Without	Mean
	RESI
ROT	0.27 (7.38)	0.33 (10.88)	0.23 (5.08^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.28 (7.78 B⁽¹⁾ (1) Original means, between parentheses, followed by the same lower case letter in the line and capital letter in the column do not differ according to the Tukey test, at 5 %. )
OT	0.31 (9.53)	0.40 (15.58^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.26 (6.91)	0.33 (10.67 A)
Mean	0.29 (8.46 b)	0.36 (13.23 a)	0.24 (5.99 c)
Control	0.30 (8.92)
CV (%)	5.54
	IVG
ROT	0.21 (4.44^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.25 (6.04^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.17 (3.06)	0.21 (4.51 B)
OT	0.23 (5.08^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.25 (6.48^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.20 (3.96)	0.23 (5.17 A)
Mean	0.22 (4.76 b)	0.25 (6.26 a)	0.19 (3.51 c)
Control	0.18 (3.33)
CV (%)	5.39
	RET
ROT	0.19 (3.44^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.15 (2.12)	0.21 (4.46^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.18 (3.34 A)
OT	0.17 (3.02^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.13 (1.59^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.19 (3.62^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.17 (2.75 B)
Mean	0.18 (3.23 b)	0.14 (1.86 c)	0.20 (4.04 a)
Control	0.15 (2.35)
CV (%)	8.59
	GT
ROT	0.22 (4.92 Ab)	0.19 (3.56^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. Ac)	0.25 (6.22^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. Aa)	0.22 (4.90)
OT	0.22 (4.84 Aa)	0.18 (3.37^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. Ab)	0.23 (5.21 Ba)	0.21 (4.47)
Mean	0.22 (4.88)	0.19 (3.46)	0.24 (5.72)
Control	0.22 (4.72)
CV (%)	6.36

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[TFN1] * Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ according to the Tukey test at 5 %. Values followed by letters between parentheses show the original means.