Germination temperatures and treatments to overcome dormancy in <i>Belamcanda chinensis</i> seeds<sup>1</sup>

Silva, Girlânio Holanda da; Baldini, Lenise Santos; Tomaz, Camila Aquino; Rossi, Rubiana Falopa; Nakagawa, João

doi:10.1590/1983-40632017v4749059

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Scientific Articles • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 47 (4) • Oct-Dec 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632017v4749059 copy

Germination temperatures and treatments to overcome dormancy in Belamcanda chinensis seeds¹

Temperaturas de germinação e tratamentos para superação de dormência em sementes de Belamcanda chinensis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Belamcanda chinensis is an ornamental plant cultivated as a medicinal herb in its countries of origin: China and Japan. It is propagated by rhizomes and seeds, but little is known on the optimal conditions for its germination. This study aimed to assess germination temperatures and treatments to overcome its seed dormancy. Two experiments were conducted: the first evaluated the effects of constant temperatures of 20 ºC, 25 ºC and 30 ºC (in the dark) and 20-30 ºC with light (8-h photoperiod), while the second one involved the removal of combinations from the seed tegument structure (with and without tegument), with pre-hydration at 7 ºC, 30 ºC or no pre-hydration, in addition to an extra treatment without tegument or pre-hydration. Alternating the temperature results in better effects on the variables evaluated, while, at constant temperatures, there is little or no germination. The removal of the outer tegument structure and from seeds pre-hydrated at 30 ºC accelerates the germination process.

KEYWORDS:
Seed dormancy; pre-hydration; tegument removal

Temperature	RE (%)	G (%)	AS (%)	NGS (%)
30 ºC	0.7 (0 c)	0.7 (0 c)	0.7 (0 b)	1.25 (100 a)
25 ºC	0.7 (0 c)	0.7 (0 c)	0.7 (0 b)	1.25 (100 a)
20 ºC	0.2 (4 b)	0.2 (4 b)	0.7 (0 b)	1.13 (96 b)
20-30 ºC	0.96 (80 a)	0.89 (72 a)	0.28 (8 a)	0.44 (20 c)
CV (%)	10.77	15.61	23.22	2.63

Temperature	RE (%)	G (%)	AS (%)	DS (%)	RESI	GSI	RET	GT
30 ºC	0.95 (78 a)	0.93 (76 a)	0.14 (2 b)	0.47 (22 a)	0.36 (12.97 a)	0.31 (9.34 a)	0.18 (3.31 a)	0.21 (4.25 a)
25 ºC	0.94 (77 a)	0.93 (76 a)	0.10 (1 b)	0.48 (23 a)	0.31 (9.54 b)	0.28 (8.10 a)	0.21 (4.51 b)	0.23 (5.22 b)
20 ºC	0.98 (82 a)	0.96 (80 a)	0.14 (2 b)	0.43 (18 a)	0.21 (4.22 c)	0.19 (3.74 b)	0.31 (9.81 c)	0.33 (11.09 c)
20-30 ºC	0.96 (80 a)	0.90 (72 a)	0.06 (8 a)	0.45 (20 a)	0.22 (4.92 c)	0.19 (3.69 b)	0.30 (9.20 c)	0.32 (10.46 c)
CV (%)	5.02	5.02	32.22	10.51	14.55	11.44	7.85	5.79

Outer tegument structure	Pre-hydration treatment
Outer tegument structure	7 ºC	30 ºC	Without	Mean
	Primary root emission (%)
ROT	1.04 (88)	1.01 (85)	0.96 (80)	1.00 (84.3 A⁽¹⁾ (1) Original means, between parentheses, followed by the same lower case letter in the line and capital letter in the column do not differ according to the Tukey test, at 5 %. )
OT	1.05 (89)	1.02 (86)	1.00 (84)	1.02 (86.3 A)
Mean	1.04 (88.5 a)	1.01 (85.5 a)	0.98 (82.0 a)
Control	0.94 (77.0)
CV (%)	10.61
	Germination (%)
ROT	1.01 (85^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.98 (82^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.89 (71)	0.96 (79.3 A)
OT	1.04 (88^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	1.00 (84^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.91 (74^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.98 (82.0 A)
Mean	1.02 (86.5 a)	0.99 (83.0 ab)	0.90 (72.5 b)
Control	0.74 (52.0)
CV (%)	9.37
	Abnormal seedlings (%)
ROT	0.17 (3^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.17 (3^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.3 (9^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.22 (5.0 A)
OT	0.10 (1^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.14 (2^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.32 (10^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.21 (4.3 a)
Mean	0.14 (2.0 b)	0.16 (2.5 a)	0.31 (9.5 a)
Control	0.50 (25)
CV (%)	28.46
	Dead seeds (%)
ROT	0.35 (12)	0.17 (15)	0.30 (20)	0.22 (15.7 a)
OT	0.10 (11)	0.14 (14)	0.32 (16)	0.21 (13.7 a)
Mean	0.14 (11.5 a)	0.16 (14.5 a)	0.31 (18.0 a)
Control	0.50 (23)
CV (%)	26.04

Outer tegument structure	Pre-hydration treatment
Outer tegument structure	7 ºC	30 ºC	Without	Mean
	RESI
ROT	0.27 (7.38)	0.33 (10.88)	0.23 (5.08^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.28 (7.78 B⁽¹⁾ (1) Original means, between parentheses, followed by the same lower case letter in the line and capital letter in the column do not differ according to the Tukey test, at 5 %. )
OT	0.31 (9.53)	0.40 (15.58^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.26 (6.91)	0.33 (10.67 A)
Mean	0.29 (8.46 b)	0.36 (13.23 a)	0.24 (5.99 c)
Control	0.30 (8.92)
CV (%)	5.54
	IVG
ROT	0.21 (4.44^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.25 (6.04^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.17 (3.06)	0.21 (4.51 B)
OT	0.23 (5.08^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.25 (6.48^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.20 (3.96)	0.23 (5.17 A)
Mean	0.22 (4.76 b)	0.25 (6.26 a)	0.19 (3.51 c)
Control	0.18 (3.33)
CV (%)	5.39
	RET
ROT	0.19 (3.44^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.15 (2.12)	0.21 (4.46^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.18 (3.34 A)
OT	0.17 (3.02^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.13 (1.59^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.19 (3.62^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. )	0.17 (2.75 B)
Mean	0.18 (3.23 b)	0.14 (1.86 c)	0.20 (4.04 a)
Control	0.15 (2.35)
CV (%)	8.59
	GT
ROT	0.22 (4.92 Ab)	0.19 (3.56^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. Ac)	0.25 (6.22^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. Aa)	0.22 (4.90)
OT	0.22 (4.84 Aa)	0.18 (3.37^* * Original means, between parentheses, that differ from the control, according to the Dunnett test, at 5 %. Ab)	0.23 (5.21 Ba)	0.21 (4.47)
Mean	0.22 (4.88)	0.19 (3.46)	0.24 (5.72)
Control	0.22 (4.72)
CV (%)	6.36

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[TFN1] * Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ according to the Tukey test at 5 %. Values followed by letters between parentheses show the original means.

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Germination temperatures and treatments to overcome dormancy in Belamcanda chinensis seeds1

Temperaturas de germinação e tratamentos para superação de dormência em sementes de Belamcanda chinensis

ABSTRACT

Germination temperatures and treatments to overcome dormancy in Belamcanda chinensis seeds¹