Plantas de cobertura em segunda safra: nutrientes na palhada e produtividade de algodoeiro em sucessão

Ferreira, Alexandre Cunha de Barcellos; Borin, Ana Luiza Dias Coelho; Lamas, Fernando Mendes; Sofiatti, Valdinei

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Research Article • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 53 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632023v5375032 copiar

Plantas de cobertura em segunda safra: nutrientes na palhada e produtividade de algodoeiro em sucessão

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

O cultivo de plantas de cobertura é uma estratégia para a melhoria do ambiente de produção agrícola e aporte de palhada para cobertura do solo no sistema plantio direto, além de ciclar e disponibilizar nutrientes às culturas sucessoras. Objetivou-se avaliar a produtividade de matéria seca e o acúmulo de nutrientes por plantas de cobertura cultivadas de forma solteira ou consorciada em segunda safra após a soja e seus efeitos sobre o algodoeiro cultivado em sucessão. Os tratamentos foram: Urochloa ruziziensis; Pennisetum glaucum (milheto); Zea mays (milho); Crotalaria spectabilis; Crotalaria ochroleuca; Cajanus cajan (guandu); milho + U. ruziziensis; C. spectabilis + U. ruziziensis; C. ochroleuca + U. ruziziensis; guandu + U. ruziziensis; milho + C. spectabilis; milho + C. ochroleuca; e milho + guandu. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, e o experimento realizado em duas safras agrícolas. Na pré-semeadura do algodão, a quantidade máxima de matéria seca da palhada de milho foi de 2.699 kg ha^-1, com baixos conteúdos de macronutrientes. O guandu consorciado com U. ruziziensis produziu entre 8.400 e 12.941 kg ha^-1 de matéria seca, com conteúdo máximo de 223 e 323 kg ha^-1 de nitrogênio e potássio, respectivamente. A U. ruziziensis, cultivada de forma solteira ou consorciada, disponibilizou na palhada entre 140 e 323 kg ha^-1 de potássio. Alta produtividade é obtida pelo algodoeiro cultivado sob sistema plantio direto em sucessão a C. spectabilis.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE:
Urochloa ruziziensis; Gossypium hirsutum L.; adubos verdes; sistema plantio direto

Depth (cm)	pH in water⁽¹⁾	P⁽²⁾	K⁽³⁾	Ca⁽⁴⁾	Mg⁽⁵⁾	Al⁽⁶⁾	Clay	Silt	Sand
Depth (cm)	pH in water⁽¹⁾	mg dm^-3	^{_____________________} cmol_c dm^{-3 _____________________}				^{_________________} g kg^{-1 _________________}
0-5	5.7	3.8	0.27	1.37	0.70	0.02	365	158	477
6-10	5.6	8.5	0.24	1.23	0.59	0.05	480	176	344
11-20	5.5	3.5	0.18	1.21	0.58	0.07	501	125	374
21-40	5.7	0.7	0.15	1.00	0.46	0.00	480	143	377

Treatments	Dry matter	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S
Cover plants (CP)	^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance. N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; S: sulfur.	^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance. N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; S: sulfur.	^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance. N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; S: sulfur.	^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance. N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; S: sulfur.	^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance. N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; S: sulfur.	^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance. N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; S: sulfur.	^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance. N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; S: sulfur.
Year	ns	^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance. N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; S: sulfur.	^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance. N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; S: sulfur.	^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance. N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; S: sulfur.	^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance. N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; S: sulfur.	^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance. N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; S: sulfur.	^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance. N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; S: sulfur.
CP x year	^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance. N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; S: sulfur.	^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance. N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; S: sulfur.	^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance. N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; S: sulfur.	^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance. N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; S: sulfur.	^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance. N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; S: sulfur.	^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance. N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; S: sulfur.	^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance. N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; S: sulfur.
Coefficient of variation (%)	23.2	30.3	65.5	28.2	30.1	39.3	53.2
Cover plants	2015
Millet	1,313 c	9 b	0.2 b	2 d	7 c	3 d	1.1 b
Crotalaria spectabilis	5,171 b	68 a	1.5 b	91 c	49 a	15 b	8.2 a
Crotalaria ochroleuca	3,172 c	22 b	0.2 b	21 d	16 c	6 d	1.5 b
Pigeon pea	6,414 b	88 a	5.0 a	67 c	48 a	13 c	4.9 b
Urochloa ruziziensis	6,521 b	44 a	2.5 b	140 b	42 a	22 b	5.2 b
C. spectabilis + U. ruziziensis	10,283 a	85 a	5.4 a	195 a	61 a	34 a	11.8 a
C. ochroleuca +U. ruziziensis	8,991 a	67 a	3.7 a	213 a	51 a	20 b	6.5 a
Pigeon pea + U. ruziziensis	8,418 a	78 a	3.7 a	199 a	53 a	20 b	8.2 a
Corn	2,699 c	7 b	0.2 b	5 d	9 c	5 d	0.7 b
Corn + U. ruziziensis	7,803 a	61 a	2.5 b	148 b	43 a	23 b	7.1 a
Corn + C. spectabilis	6,965 b	53 a	1.2 b	41 d	36 a	16 b	4.1 b
Corn + C. ochroleuca	2,596 c	12 b	0.3 b	5 d	7 c	5 d	0.6 b
Corn + pigeon pea	5,981 b	55 a	1.5 b	26 d	29 b	11 c	4.3 b
Means	5,871	50	2.1	89	35	15	4.9
Cover plants	2016
Millet	6,562 c	109 c	7.6 c	190 b	45 c	11 b	11.5 b
Crotalaria spectabilis	2,988 d	40 d	3.3 d	52 d	27 d	6 c	6.2 b
Crotalaria ochroleuca	2,199 d	39 d	2.2 d	39 d	14 e	5 c	4.9 c
Pigeon pea	11,908 a	204 a	11.0 b	172 b	91 a	10 b	6.3 b
Urochloa ruziziensis	6,030 c	80 c	3.8 d	172 b	34 d	16 a	7.4 b
C. spectabilis + U. ruziziensis	5,688 c	99 c	6.9 c	186 b	34 d	14 b	8.5 b
C. ochroleuca +U. ruziziensis	5,510 c	77 c	6.1 c	162 b	31 d	11 b	6.9 b
Pigeon pea + U. ruziziensis	12,941 a	223 a	18.2 a	323 a	89 a	19 a	19.9 a
Corn	1,433 d	11 d	0.2 d	2 d	5 e	1 c	1.0 c
Corn + U. ruziziensis	9,189 b	109 c	9.4 b	287 a	50 c	19 a	7.5 b
Corn + C. spectabilis	1,987 d	38 d	2.3 d	34 d	23 e	3 c	4.5 c
Corn + C. ochroleuca	3,339 d	39 d	2.2 d	40 d	19 e	5 c	3.0 c
Corn + pigeon pea	8,735 b	146 b	7.0 c	113 c	66 b	10 b	6.2 b
Means	6,039	93	6.2	136	41	10	7.2

Treatments	Yield (kg ha^-1)		Height (cm)
Cover plants (CP)	^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 5 % and 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance.		^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 5 % and 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance.
Year	^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 5 % and 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance.		^ not significant at 5 % and significant at 5 % and 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test. Within each year, means grouped by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of significance.
CP x year	^* * and		ns
Coefficient of variation (%)	7.3		7.3
Cover plants	2015-2016	2016-2017	2015-2016	2016-2017
Millet	3,103 c	4,980 b	67 c	113 b
Crotalaria spectabilis	4,383 a	5,376 a	92 a	127 a
Crotalaria ochroleuca	3,802 b	5,252 a	81 b	128 a
Pigeon pea	3,159 c	5,120 a	64 c	119 b
Urochloa ruziziensis	3,423 c	4,922 b	67 c	113 b
C. spectabilis + U. ruziziensis	3,907 b	5,623 a	78 b	124 a
C. ochroleuca +U. ruziziensis	3,216 c	5,324 a	62 c	112 b
Pigeon pea + U. ruziziensis	3,547 c	5,156 a	66 c	118 b
Corn	3,450 c	4,916 b	72 c	116 b
Corn + U. ruziziensis	3,432 c	4,773 b	65 c	110 b
Corn + C. spectabilis	3,489 c	4,935 b	69 c	120 b
Corn + C. ochroleuca	3,460 c	4,761 b	71 c	116 b
Corn + pigeon pea	3,628 c	4,670 b	71 c	113 b
Means	3,538	5,062	71	118

Escola de Agronomia/UFG Caixa Postal 131 - Campus II, 74001-970 Goiânia-GO / Brasil, 55 62 3521-1552 - Goiânia - GO - Brazil
E-mail: revistapat.agro@ufg.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[TFN1] ¹
pH in water (soil:water = 1:2.5);

[TFN2] ²
available phosphorus and

[TFN3] ³
exchangeable potassium, extracted by Mehlich-1;

[TFN4] ⁴
exchangeable calcium and

[TFN5] ⁵
magnesium and

[TFN6] ⁶
aluminium, extracted by KCl 1 mol L^-1.