Validez de la Escala de Comportamiento del Trastorno del Espectro Autista

Silva, Camila Costa e; Zanini, Daniela Sacramento

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Sumário

Psychological Evaluation • Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 31 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e3125 copiar

Validez de la Escala de Comportamiento del Trastorno del Espectro Autista

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen

Aún se necesitan instrumentos de cribado para detectar los síntomas del trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) en el contexto escolar. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo construir la Escala de Comportamiento del Trastorno del Espectro Autista (EC-TEA) según los criterios del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM-V). La escala consta de 31 ítems, divididos en comunicación; interacciones sociales; conductas restrictivas, repetitivas y rituales; y otros indicadores. La validez de contenido incluyó a cinco jueces expertos y la muestra piloto con 29 niños de entre 6 y 12 años de edad. Los resultados demostraron ser adecuados, todos los ítems alcanzaron tasas de acuerdo superiores al 80% y el Kappa de 0,84. Los análisis estadísticos exploratorios mostraron un alfa de Cronbach igual a 0,78, valores de sensibilidad que oscilan entre el 86% y el 93% y una especificidad del 34% al 100%. EC-TEA se aplica rápidamente, utiliza al profesor como informante y contribuye a la evaluación psicológica.

Palabras clave:
transtorno del espectro autista; evaluación psicológica; niños

Domain	Number of Items	Description
Communication	9	Understanding or expression of speech; Use of gestural communication; Repetition of words or phrases immediately or previously heard; Confusion in the use of pronouns; Invention of words or phrases.
Social interactions	9	Interest and initiative in social interactions; Spontaneous smile; Variation in facial expression; Preference for individual activities; Pointing behavior to show objects or events; Directing the gaze to where people point; Comments to share interests.
Restrictive, repetitive and ritual behaviors	6	Repetitive movements of the face and body with no apparent purpose; Fixed and rigid sequence for carrying out activities; Significant and exaggerated interest in things involving a single theme; Attachment to unusual objects compared to peers; Restricted or very selective food intake.
Other indicators	7	Imitation; Very intense and discrepant fears in relation to peers; Hyposensitivity or hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli; Loss of skills previously acquired in childhood; Delay in physical or motor development; Make-believe game.

			Judge 4
			Regular	Good	Total
Judge 1	Regular	Score	0	9	9
		Expected Score	1.5	7.5	9.0
	Good	Score	5	17	22
		Expected Score	3.5	18.5	22.0
	Total	Score	5	26	31
		Expected Score	5.0	26.0	31.0
Number of valid cases					31
Kappa agreement mean
					0.84

Variable	Diagnosis
	Without ADS	With ADS	U Mann Whitney P
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	U Mann Whitney P
Communication	21.00	24.94	0.16
Communication	(6.46)	(4.58)	0.16
Social interactions	23.33	24.52	0.91
Social interactions	(9.28)	(6.87)	0.91
Restrictive, repetitive and ritual behaviors	6.08	15.00	0.00*
Restrictive, repetitive and ritual behaviors	(0.28)	(4.86)	0.00*
Other indicators	12.00	18.70	0.00*
Other indicators	(3.33)	(5.80)	0.00*

			α	r _it	α if item is deleted	Spearman's Correlation
	M	SD			α if item is deleted	Communication	Social interactions	Restrictive, repetitive and ritual behaviors	Other indicators
Communication	22.97	5.69	0.46	0.00 a 0.69	0.31 a 0.51	-
Social interactions	24.59	9.17	0.79	0.03 a 0.89	0.73 a 0.87	0.41*	-
Restrictive, repetitive and ritual behaviors	11.31	5.78	0.82	0.08 a 0.86	0.74 a 0.84	0.19	-0.01	-
Other indicators	15.24	4.63	0.30	0.04 a 0.84	0.02 a 0.56	0.21	-0.02	0.61**	-
Scale Total	74.10	17.03	0.78	0.00 a 0.89	0.76 a 0.80	0.69**	0.56**	0.63**	0.64**

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Av.Bandeirantes 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto - São Paulo - Brasil, Tel.: (55 16) 3315-3829 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: paideia@usp.br

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[1] Correspondence address: Camila Costa e Silva. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás. Praça Universitária, 1440 - Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia-GO, Brasil. CEP. 74.605-010. E-mail: camilacosta1802@gmail.com