Planting density and yield of sweet pepper grown in an organic system

Silva, André Wagner Barata; Silva, Bruno Diniz Nogueira da; Costa, Ariana Lemes da; Cézar, Kaique Castro; Gomes, Luiz Antônio Augusto; Oliveira, Cleiton Lourenço de

doi:10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2021.v56.02470

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Organic Agriculture, Original Article • Pesq. agropec. bras. 56 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2021.v56.02470 copy

Planting density and yield of sweet pepper grown in an organic system

Densidade de plantio e produtividade de pimentão em sistema orgânico de produção

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield and fruit quality of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) genotypes grown at various planting densities, in an organic production system under protected cultivation. The experiment was carried out in duplicate, to compare the yield and fruit quality of the 'TE 300', 'Mallorca', and ‘Timor’ sweet pepper genotypes, at the densities of 2, 4, 6, and 8 plants m^-2. A randomized complete block design was used, with three replicates, in split plots. Mean fruit size and mass, yield per plant, and total yield were measured. Dunnett’s test was used to compare means between the standard density of 2 plants m^-2 and the other densities. Scott-Knott’s test was used to compare the densities within each genotype. The increase of planting density in the organic production system provided a yield similar to that of the conventional system. A greater density increases yield and reduces the production cycle, without impairing the fruit size or quality of the ‘TE 300’ and ‘Timor’ genotypes. The densities of 8 plants m^-2 for ‘TE 300’ and 'Timor', and of 6 plants m^-2 for ‘Mallorca’ show the highest total yield per hectare.

Index terms:
Capsicum annuum ; fruit quality; protected cultivation

Genotype	Plants m^-²	Trait⁽²⁾ (2) The values are the average of three replicates of two field experiments.
Genotype	Plants m^-²	Fruit diameter (cm)	Fruit length (cm)	Mean mass (g)	Yield per plant (g)	Yield per plant (fruit)	Total yield (Mg ha^-1)
TE 300	4	6.87c^ns ns Nonsignificant.	7.50a^ns ns Nonsignificant.	74.34b^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.	468.22a^ns ns Nonsignificant.	6.29a^ns ns Nonsignificant.	18.72b^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.
	6	11.11a^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.	7.50a^ns ns Nonsignificant.	60.97c^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.	318.19c^ns ns Nonsignificant.	5.55a^ns ns Nonsignificant.	19.09b^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.
	8	9.38b^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.	8.00a^ns ns Nonsignificant.	88.52a^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.	387.22b^ns ns Nonsignificant.	4.54b^ns ns Nonsignificant.	30.97a^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.
Mallorca	4	7.79b^ns ns Nonsignificant.	8.59a^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.	111.57a^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.	349.01b^ns ns Nonsignificant.	3.25a^ns ns Nonsignificant.	13.96c^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.
	6	9.57a^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.	10.11a^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.	97.16c^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.	419.35a^ns ns Nonsignificant.	4.40a^ns ns Nonsignificant.	25.16a^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.
	8	8.55a^ns ns Nonsignificant.	8.74a^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.	99.62b^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.	244.72c^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.	2.79a^ns ns Nonsignificant.	19.57b^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.
Timor	4	9.52b^ns ns Nonsignificant.	8.68a^ns ns Nonsignificant.	86.32b^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.	395.20b^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.	4.62b^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.	15.80b^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.
	6	8.93b^ns ns Nonsignificant.	7.55a^ns ns Nonsignificant.	81.76c^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.	479.62a^ns ns Nonsignificant.	6.11a^ns ns Nonsignificant.	28.77a^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.
	8	10.80a^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.	9.29a^ns ns Nonsignificant.	87.71a^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.	355.90c^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.	4.06b^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.	28.47a^* * Significantly different from the standard spacing of 2 plants m-2 by Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability.
Standard
TE 300	2	5.96	8.19	65.92	325.93	5.62	10.95
Mallorca	2	6.43	19.17	90.61	353.12	4.25	7.06
Timor	2	7.42	9.06	72.53	578.75	8.37	11.57
CV 1 (%)⁽³⁾		26.4	30.58	30.91	28.5	39.02	28.36
CV 2 (%)⁽⁴⁾ (4) Coefficient of variation at the subplot level.		16.83	25.83	16.88	24.94	34.6	27.29

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