Effect of PEG and ABA on desiccation tolerance and storage of <i>Magnolia ovata</i> (A.St.-Hil.) Spreng. Seeds

Several studies have successfully used polyethylene glycol (PEG) and/or abscisic acid (ABA) to reinduce desiccation tolerance in germinated seeds of orthodox species, improving our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this trait. In this context, treatments with PEG and ABA were tested to assess their efficiency in reducing the sensitivity to desiccation and increasing the storage period of Magnolia ovata seeds. The drying of seeds to 10% water did not significantly affect germination, nor was germination impaired in seeds that were dried and treated with ABA. However, seeds treated with PEG had lower viability. After storage, ABA-treated seeds with as low as 5% water content (WC) had higher germination rates, the treatment with 100 µM ABA providing the greatest storage capacity. No changes were observed in the activity of catalase, peroxidase, or superoxide dismutase or in the abundance of total or heat-resistance proteins.

Index terms:
enzymatic activity; forest seeds; intermediate seeds; proteins

Authorship

Fabieli Pelissari

Laboratório de Análise de Sementes, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78550-728, Sinop, MT, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Mato GrossoBrazilSinop, MT, BrazilLaboratório de Análise de Sementes, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78550-728, Sinop, MT, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7291-8660

Wilson Vicente Souza Pereira

Setor de Sementes, Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal de Lavras, PO Box: 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de LavrasBrazilLavras, MG, BrazilSetor de Sementes, Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal de Lavras, PO Box: 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7931-8382

Thalita Maciel Pereira

Laboratório de Sementes Florestais, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, PO Box: 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de LavrasBrazilLavras, MG, BrazilLaboratório de Sementes Florestais, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, PO Box: 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0443-5699

Heloisa Oliveira dos Santos

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-4969

José Marcio Rocha Faria

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0365-2787

Anderson Cleiton José ^**Corresponding author E-mail: acjose@ufla.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5642-8001

*Corresponding author
E-mail: acjose@ufla.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (6)
Tables (1)

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Figure 1
Germination percentage, normal seedling percentage, and GSI of M. ovata seeds subjected to PEG conditioning and treatment with ABA. Panels A and B: Germination percentage; C and D: normal seedling percentage; E and F: germination speed index. In panels B, D, and F, the same letters, lowercase in a column and uppercase in a row, indicate the absence of significant differences by the LSD test at the 5% probability level between the treatments and between the water contents, respectively.

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Figure 2
Germination percentage and germination speed index (GSI) of M. ovata seeds subjected to different treatments and stored for 45 days at -21 °C. Panel A: Germination percentage; C: germination speed index. In panels B and D, the same letters, lowercase in a column and uppercase in a row, indicate the absence of significant differences by the LSD test at the 5% probability level between the treatments and between the water contents, respectively.

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Figure 3
Enzymatic activity in M. ovata seeds after PEG conditioning and ABA treatment. Left side: Electrophoresis gels after staining to visualize the enzymes. Right side: Numerical representation of band intensity. Panel A: Superoxide dismutase; B: catalase; C: peroxidase. Treatments: 1: 20% water; 2: 15% water; 3: Seeds treated with 100 µM ABA and dried to 15% water; 4: seeds treated with -2.1 MPa PEG and dried to 15% water; 5: seeds treated with -2.1 MPa PEG + 100 µM ABA and dried to 15% water; 6: 10% water; 7: seeds treated with 100 µM ABA and dried to 10% water; 8: seeds treated with -2.1 MPa PEG and dried to 10% water; 9: seeds treated with -2.1 MPa PEG + 100 µM ABA and dried to 10% water; 10: 5% water; 11: seeds treated with 100 µM ABA and dried to 5% water; 12: seeds treated with -2.1 MPa PEG and dried to 5% water; 13: seeds treated with -2.1 MPa PEG + 100 µM ABA and dried to 5% water.

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Figure 4
Enzymatic activity in M. ovata seeds after PEG conditioning, ABA treatment, and drying, followed by storage for 45 days at -21 °C. Left side: Electrophoresis gels after staining for visualization of the enzymes. Right side: Numerical representation of band intensity. Panel A: Superoxide dismutase; B: catalase; C: peroxidase. Treatments: 1: 10% water; 2: seeds conditioned with 100 µM ABA and dried to 10% water; 3: seeds conditioned with -2.1 MPa PEG and dried to 10% water; 4: seeds conditioned in -2.1 MPa PEG + 100 µM ABA and dried to 10% water; 5: seeds dried to 5% water; 6: seeds treated with 100 µM ABA and dried to 5% water; 7: seeds conditioned in -2.1 MPa PEG, dried to 5% water; 8: seeds conditioned in -2.1 MPa PEG + 100 µM ABA, dried to 5% water.

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Figure 5
Electrophoretic pattern of total and heat-resistance proteins of M. ovata after different treatments and with different water contents. Panel A: Total proteins; B: heat-resistance proteins. Treatments: 1: 20% water content (WC); 2: 15% WC; 3: 100 µM ABA and dried to 15% WC; 4: -2.1 MPa PEG and dried to 15% WC; 5: -2.1 MPa PEG + 100 µM ABA and dried to 15% WC; 6: 10% WC; 7: 100 μM ABA and dried to 10% WC; 8: -2.1 MPa PEG and dried to 10% WC; 9: -2.1 MPa PEG + 100 µM ABA and dried to 10% WC; 10: 5% WC; 11: 100 µM ABA and dried to 5% WC; 12: -2.1 MPa PEG and dried to 5% WC; 13: -2.1 MPa PEG + 100 µM ABA and dried to 5% WC.

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Figure 6
Electrophoretic patterns of total and heat-resistant proteins of M. ovata after different treatments at different water contents stored for 45 days at -21 °C. Panel A: Total proteins; B: heat-resistance proteins. Treatments: 1: 10% water content (WC); 2: 100 µM ABA and dried to 10% WC; 3: -2.1 MPa PEG and dried to 10% WC; 4: -2.1 MPa PEG + 100 µM ABA and dried to 10% WC; 5: 5% WC; 6: 100 µM ABA and dried to 5% WC; 7: -2.1 MPa PEG and dried to 5% WC; 8: -2.1 MPa PEG + 100 µM ABA and dried to 5% WC. Arrows indicate the treatments with the highest band intensity.

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Table 1
Saline solutions used for drying M. ovata seeds to obtain different equilibrium relative humidities.

Figure 1 Germination percentage, normal seedling percentage, and GSI of M. ovata seeds subjected to PEG conditioning and treatment with ABA. Panels A and B: Germination percentage; C and D: normal seedling percentage; E and F: germination speed index. In panels B, D, and F, the same letters, lowercase in a column and uppercase in a row, indicate the absence of significant differences by the LSD test at the 5% probability level between the treatments and between the water contents, respectively.

Figure 2 Germination percentage and germination speed index (GSI) of M. ovata seeds subjected to different treatments and stored for 45 days at -21 °C. Panel A: Germination percentage; C: germination speed index. In panels B and D, the same letters, lowercase in a column and uppercase in a row, indicate the absence of significant differences by the LSD test at the 5% probability level between the treatments and between the water contents, respectively.

Figure 3 Enzymatic activity in M. ovata seeds after PEG conditioning and ABA treatment. Left side: Electrophoresis gels after staining to visualize the enzymes. Right side: Numerical representation of band intensity. Panel A: Superoxide dismutase; B: catalase; C: peroxidase. Treatments: 1: 20% water; 2: 15% water; 3: Seeds treated with 100 µM ABA and dried to 15% water; 4: seeds treated with -2.1 MPa PEG and dried to 15% water; 5: seeds treated with -2.1 MPa PEG + 100 µM ABA and dried to 15% water; 6: 10% water; 7: seeds treated with 100 µM ABA and dried to 10% water; 8: seeds treated with -2.1 MPa PEG and dried to 10% water; 9: seeds treated with -2.1 MPa PEG + 100 µM ABA and dried to 10% water; 10: 5% water; 11: seeds treated with 100 µM ABA and dried to 5% water; 12: seeds treated with -2.1 MPa PEG and dried to 5% water; 13: seeds treated with -2.1 MPa PEG + 100 µM ABA and dried to 5% water.

Figure 4 Enzymatic activity in M. ovata seeds after PEG conditioning, ABA treatment, and drying, followed by storage for 45 days at -21 °C. Left side: Electrophoresis gels after staining for visualization of the enzymes. Right side: Numerical representation of band intensity. Panel A: Superoxide dismutase; B: catalase; C: peroxidase. Treatments: 1: 10% water; 2: seeds conditioned with 100 µM ABA and dried to 10% water; 3: seeds conditioned with -2.1 MPa PEG and dried to 10% water; 4: seeds conditioned in -2.1 MPa PEG + 100 µM ABA and dried to 10% water; 5: seeds dried to 5% water; 6: seeds treated with 100 µM ABA and dried to 5% water; 7: seeds conditioned in -2.1 MPa PEG, dried to 5% water; 8: seeds conditioned in -2.1 MPa PEG + 100 µM ABA, dried to 5% water.

Figure 5 Electrophoretic pattern of total and heat-resistance proteins of M. ovata after different treatments and with different water contents. Panel A: Total proteins; B: heat-resistance proteins. Treatments: 1: 20% water content (WC); 2: 15% WC; 3: 100 µM ABA and dried to 15% WC; 4: -2.1 MPa PEG and dried to 15% WC; 5: -2.1 MPa PEG + 100 µM ABA and dried to 15% WC; 6: 10% WC; 7: 100 μM ABA and dried to 10% WC; 8: -2.1 MPa PEG and dried to 10% WC; 9: -2.1 MPa PEG + 100 µM ABA and dried to 10% WC; 10: 5% WC; 11: 100 µM ABA and dried to 5% WC; 12: -2.1 MPa PEG and dried to 5% WC; 13: -2.1 MPa PEG + 100 µM ABA and dried to 5% WC.

Figure 6 Electrophoretic patterns of total and heat-resistant proteins of M. ovata after different treatments at different water contents stored for 45 days at -21 °C. Panel A: Total proteins; B: heat-resistance proteins. Treatments: 1: 10% water content (WC); 2: 100 µM ABA and dried to 10% WC; 3: -2.1 MPa PEG and dried to 10% WC; 4: -2.1 MPa PEG + 100 µM ABA and dried to 10% WC; 5: 5% WC; 6: 100 µM ABA and dried to 5% WC; 7: -2.1 MPa PEG and dried to 5% WC; 8: -2.1 MPa PEG + 100 µM ABA and dried to 5% WC. Arrows indicate the treatments with the highest band intensity.

Table 1 Saline solutions used for drying M. ovata seeds to obtain different equilibrium relative humidities.

Saline solution	Concentration in water	Equilibrium relative humidity	Exposure time
LiCl	5 g/100 mL	95%	120 h
MgSO47H₂O	Saturated solution	89%	120 h
NaCl	Saturated solution	75%	48 h
Silica gel	---	10%	48 h

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E-mail: jss@abrates.org.br

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Effect of PEG and ABA on desiccation tolerance and storage of <i>Magnolia ovata</i> (A.St.-Hil.) Spreng. Seeds

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[1] *Corresponding author
E-mail: acjose@ufla.br