Accelerated aging test and antioxidant enzyme activity to assess chickpea seed vigor

The chickpea crop has been expanding in Brazil and, thus, the demand for high quality seeds along with it. The aim of this study was to adapt the methodology for evaluation of chickpea seed vigor by the accelerated aging test and to analyze whether antioxidant enzyme activity is related to the physiological potential of these seeds. Seeds from five seed lots of the cv. BRS Aleppo and from four seed lots of the cv. Cícero were initially tested to characterize their physiological potential. The accelerated aging test was conducted by the traditional method (100% RH) and with a saturated NaCl solution (76% RH), both at 41 °C, for 24, 36, 48, and 72 h. The activity of the SOD, CAT, and APX enzymes were also determined. The accelerated aging test using 41 °C/48 h with a saturated NaCl solution is recommended for assessment of chickpea seed vigor. The activity of CAT and APX enzymes may be related to the physiological potential of these seeds, but this is not the case with SOD.

Index terms:
artificial aging; Cicer arietinum L.; enzymatic analysis; methodology; physiological potential

Authorship

Joyce de Oliveira Araújo ^**Corresponding author E-mail: joyce.araujo@ufv.br

Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 - Viçosa, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de ViçosaBrazilViçosa, MG, Brazil Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 - Viçosa, MG, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5304-3288

Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0596-2490

Warley Marcos Nascimento

² Embrapa Hortaliças, Caixa Postal 280 - Brasília, DF, Brasil.Embrapa HortaliçasBrazilBrasília, DF, Brazil² Embrapa Hortaliças, Caixa Postal 280 - Brasília, DF, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6235-0917

Auxiliadora Oliveira Martins

Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 - Viçosa, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de ViçosaBrazilViçosa, MG, BrazilDepartamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 - Viçosa, MG, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3740-0222

Marcelo Augusto Rocha Limão

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1265-1014

*Corresponding author
E-mail: joyce.araujo@ufv.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

² Embrapa Hortaliças, Caixa Postal 280 - Brasília, DF, Brasil.Embrapa HortaliçasBrazilBrasília, DF, Brazil² Embrapa Hortaliças, Caixa Postal 280 - Brasília, DF, Brasil.

Figures | Tables

Figures (4)
Tables (3)

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Figure 1
Germination of the chickpea seed lots, cv. BRS Aleppo (A and B) and cv. Cícero (C and D) after traditional accelerated aging (TAA) and saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA) for different periods.

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Figure 2
Pearson simple correlation coefficients (r) estimated among the variables of germination and vigor with the different procedures of the accelerated aging test performed on seeds from five chickpea seed lots, cv. BRS Aleppo (A), and on seeds from four lots, cv. Cícero (B). Quadrants marked with “X” represent non-significant correlation at 5% probability by the t-test.

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Figure 3
Activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in seeds from five chickpea seed lots cv. BRS Aleppo (A, B, and C) and four lots of cv. Cícero (D, E, and F). The same letters do not differ by Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). Bars: standard deviation.

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Figure 4
Biplot of principal component analysis obtained from the linear combination of physiological variables (germination and vigor) and antioxidant enzymes in seeds of two chickpea cultivars.

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Table 1
Moisture content (MC), germination (G), emergence (E), emergence speed index (ESI), cold test (CT), and germination at low temperature (GLT) of seed lots of two chickpea cultivars.

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Table 2
Moisture content (%) obtained after the periods of traditional accelerated aging (TAA) and saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA) in seed lots of two chickpea cultivars.

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Table 3
Germination (%) of seed lots of two chickpea cultivars after different times of traditional accelerated aging (TAA) and saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA).

Figure 1 Germination of the chickpea seed lots, cv. BRS Aleppo (A and B) and cv. Cícero (C and D) after traditional accelerated aging (TAA) and saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA) for different periods.

Figure 2 Pearson simple correlation coefficients (r) estimated among the variables of germination and vigor with the different procedures of the accelerated aging test performed on seeds from five chickpea seed lots, cv. BRS Aleppo (A), and on seeds from four lots, cv. Cícero (B). Quadrants marked with “X” represent non-significant correlation at 5% probability by the t-test.

Figure 3 Activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in seeds from five chickpea seed lots cv. BRS Aleppo (A, B, and C) and four lots of cv. Cícero (D, E, and F). The same letters do not differ by Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). Bars: standard deviation.

Figure 4 Biplot of principal component analysis obtained from the linear combination of physiological variables (germination and vigor) and antioxidant enzymes in seeds of two chickpea cultivars.

Table 1 Moisture content (MC), germination (G), emergence (E), emergence speed index (ESI), cold test (CT), and germination at low temperature (GLT) of seed lots of two chickpea cultivars.

Lot	MC (%)	G (%)	E (%)	ESI (index)	CT (%)	GLT (%)
	BRS Aleppo
A1	12.7	95 ab	99 a	5.7 a	97 a	87 a
A2	12.8	97 a	98 a	5.5 a	96 a	90 a
A3	12.8	90 b	94 a	5.2 ab	89 ab	73 b
A4	12.7	80 c	84 b	4.1 c	73 c	44 c
A5	12.2	91 b	92 a	4.8 b	88 b	80 ab
F	-	23.51*	12.49*	19.00*	24.82*	64.47*
CV (%)	-	3.01	3.63	5.51	4.31	6.17
	Cícero
C1	12.5	68 b	64 b	3.1 a	57 b	34 b
C2	12.3	78 a	79 ab	3.7 a	82 a	55 a
C3	12.5	80 a	81 a	3.7 a	80 a	57 a
C4	12.4	81 a	78 ab	3.6 a	76 a	55 a
F	-	9.49*	4.47*	1.26 ^ns	47.16*	67.11*
CV (%)	-	5.05	9.73	14.91	4.62	5.47

*, ^ns = significant and non-significant by the F test at 5% probability; F = F value calculated; CV = coefficient of variation. Mean values followed by the same letter in the column do not differ from each other by Tukey’s test at 5% probability.

Table 2 Moisture content (%) obtained after the periods of traditional accelerated aging (TAA) and saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA) in seed lots of two chickpea cultivars.

Lot	TAA (100% RH)				SSAA (76% RH)
Lot	24 h	36 h	48 h	72 h	24 h	36 h	48 h	72 h
	BRS Aleppo
A1	19.6	23.6	24.6	26.5	13.6	13.6	13.5	13.5
A2	20.6	21.4	25.2	27.6	13.7	13.7	13.6	14.1
A3	20.8	23.8	25.1	26.6	13.6	13.8	14.0	13.9
A4	20.0	21.9	24.3	26.0	13.5	13.8	13.4	13.0
A5	19.2	23.0	24.1	26.5	13.4	13.6	13.8	14.0
	Cícero
C1	19.6	22.2	23.9	26.8	13.0	13.5	13.8	13.7
C2	19.4	22.4	23.9	25.1	13.1	13.4	13.6	13.5
C3	19.7	22.2	24.5	27.9	13.3	13.1	13.5	13.3
C4	19.2	21.4	23.9	26.7	13.3	13.6	13.4	13.3

Table 3 Germination (%) of seed lots of two chickpea cultivars after different times of traditional accelerated aging (TAA) and saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA).

Lot	TAA (100% RH)				SSAA (76% RH)
Lot	24 h	36 h	48 h	72 h	24 h	36 h	48 h	72 h
	BRS Aleppo
A1	95 aA	93 aA	87 aA	60 a B	93 aA	93 aA	83 aA	86 aA
A2	93 aA	90 aA	86 aA	68 aB	91 abA	92 aA	84 aA	85 aA
A3	66 cB	62 bB	50 bcB	19 bB	81 cA	76 bA	73 bA	55 bcA
A4	57 cB	58 bA	42 cB	11 bB	64 dA	54 cA	59 cA	48 cA
A5	76 bA	64 bB	52 bB	16 bB	82 bcA	76 bA	72 bA	61 bA
CV (%)	2.91
	Cícero
C1	37 bB	35 cA	18 bB	1 cB	48 bA	32 bA	30 bA	25 cA
C2	56 aA	48 bB	31 aB	16 bB	60 aA	57 aA	50 aA	51 aA
C3	60 aA	59 aA	29 aB	21 abB	66 aA	55 aA	47 aA	39 bA
C4	55 aB	48 bA	25 abB	25 aB	64 aA	50 aA	50 aA	48 aA
CV (%)	3.41

Mean values followed by the same lowercase letters in the column and uppercase letters in the row comparing the methods in each time do not differ from each other by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. CV = coefficient of variation.

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Accelerated aging test and antioxidant enzyme activity to assess chickpea seed vigor

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[1] *Corresponding author
E-mail: joyce.araujo@ufv.br