Efficacy of a public promotion program on children's oral health

Alves, Ana Paula S.; Rank, Rise C.I.C.; Vilela, Joana Estela R.; Rank, Marcos S.; Ogawa, Wataro N.; Molina, Omar F.

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2017.07.012

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Original articles • J. Pediatr. (Rio J.) 94 (5) • Sep-Oct 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2017.07.012 copy

Efficacy of a public promotion program on children's oral health^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Alves AP, Rank RC, Vilela JE, Rank MS, Ogawa WN, Molina OF. Efficacy of a public promotion program on children's oral health. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2018;94:518-24.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

To assess the efficacy of the Baby's Mouth early dental care prevention and promotion program in preventing oral diseases (caries, gingivitis, or malocclusions) in children attended since 2010.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional and cohort study that assessed 252 children between 36 and 60 months of age in both sexes. The children were divided into three groups: G1: effective participants of the program from birth; G2: children who have stopped participating for more than 24 months, and G3: children who have never attended a prevention program. The evaluation was carried out in two stages: first, an interview with the mothers and, afterwards, a clinical children examination to assess the presence of caries, gingivitis, and malocclusion. The chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis between groups (p < 0.05).

Results:

The diseases assessed were: caries (G1: 5.9%, G2: 54.7%, G3: 70%), gingivitis (G1: 8.3%, G2: 17.9%, G3: 40.5%), and malocclusion (G1: 22.6%; G2: 28.6%; G3: 50%). For gingivitis, there was no significant difference when comparing G1 and G2 (p = 0.107), but it was significant between G1 and G3 (p < 0.001). Regarding malocclusion, a statistically significant relationship was observed (p = 0.004) among all groups.

Conclusion:

The prevention and promotion program in public oral health was effective in preventing caries disease, gingivitis, and malocclusion in children under 5 years of age.

KEYWORDS
Pediatric dentistry; Primary prevention; Oral health; Dental caries; Public health

	G1		G2		G3		Total		p-Value
Children
Age	3.66 ± 0.75		3.69 ± 0.71		3.71 ± 0.74				0.06
Gender	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Female	33	39.2	41	48.8	48	57.1	122	48.4
Male	51	60.8	43	51.2	36	42.9	130	51.6
Mothers
Age	29 ± 6.26		22 ± 4.06		20.5 ± 3.95				0.001^a a Chi-squared test with a significance level of p < 0.05.
Marital status	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Married	59	70.2	57	67.8	38	45.3	154	61.1
Single	25	29.8	27	32.2	46	54.7	98	38.8
Number of children
1	29	34.5	33	39.2	17	20.3	79	31.3	<0.001^a a Chi-squared test with a significance level of p < 0.05.
2	42	50	26	30.9	29	34.5	97	38.4
>3	13	15.5	25	29.9	38	45.2	76	30.3
Total	84	100	84	100	84	100	252	100

Questions	Answer	G1		G2		G3		p-Value
		n	%	n	%	n	%
Did you receive any information about oral health for your baby during the pregnancy?	Yes	25	30%	37	44%	14	7%	<0.001^a a Chi-squared test with a significance level of p < 0.05.
	No	58	70%	43	52%	70	83%
Until what age was your child breastfed?	>6 months	16	18%	4	5%	10	12%	0.021^a a Chi-squared test with a significance level of p < 0.05.
	6 months	5	6%	7	8%	8	9%
	<6 months	58	70%	73	87%	61	72%
	Never	5	6%	0	0%	5	7%
Does your child use baby bottle?	Never	51	60%	25	31%	27	32%	<0.001^a a Chi-squared test with a significance level of p < 0.05.
	>1 year and stop	21	25%	38	45%	29	34%
	Always	12	15%	20	24%	28	34%
Does your child suck finger or pacifier?	No	78	92%	76	90%	64	76%	0.002^a a Chi-squared test with a significance level of p < 0.05.
	Yes: finger sucking	1	2%	1	2%	7	8%
	Yes: pacifier sucking	5	6%	7	8%	13	16%
How many times per day do you brush your child's teeth?	1 time	4	5%	14	16%	20	24%	9.87
	2 times	34	40%	40	48%	51	60%
	>3 times	46	55%	18	36%	13	16%
	No answer	1	2%			1	2%
Do you use toothpaste?	Yes: fluoride tooth paste	76	90%	80	95%	68	81%	7.64
Do you use toothpaste?	Yes: tooth paste without fluoride	7	8%	4	5%	14	19%	7.64

	Data analyzed	n %	RR	95% CI	p-Value
Caries	G1 × G2	50 (30%)	0.149	0.064-0.346	<0.001^a a Fisher's exact test with a significance level p < 0.05.
	G1 × G3	64 (38%)	0.102	0.044-0.24	<0.001^a a Fisher's exact test with a significance level p < 0.05.
	G2 × G3	104 (62%)	0.71	0.528-0.953	0.038^a a Fisher's exact test with a significance level p < 0.05.
Gingivitis	G1 × G2	22 (13%)	0.603	0.321-1.134	0.107
	G1 × G3	41 (24%)	0.281	0.141-0.561	<0.001^a a Fisher's exact test with a significance level p < 0.05.
	G2 × G3	49 (29%)	0.528	0.337-0.826	0.002^a a Fisher's exact test with a significance level p < 0.05.
Malocclusion	G1 × G2	43 (26%)	0.849	0.583-1.237	0.47
	G1 × G3	61 (36%)	0.512	0.342-0.767	<0.004^a a Fisher's exact test with a significance level p < 0.05.
	G2 × G3	66 (39%)	0.618	0.432-0.884	0.007^a a Fisher's exact test with a significance level p < 0.05.
Habits	G1 × G2	102 (61%)	0.534	0.396-0.72	<0.001^a a Fisher's exact test with a significance level p < 0.05.
	G1 × G3	106 (63%)	0.483	0.36-0.648	<0.001^a a Fisher's exact test with a significance level p < 0.05.
	G2 × G3	132 (79%)	0.872	0.62-1.227	0.57
Hygiene	G1 × G2	64 (38%)	1.967	1.463-2.645	<0.001^a a Fisher's exact test with a significance level p < 0.05.
	G1 × G3	59 (35%)	2.236	1.673-2.99	<0.001^a a Fisher's exact test with a significance level p < 0.05.
	G2 × G3	31 (18%)	1.205	0.852-1.70	0.42

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[1] * Corresponding author.E-mail:riserank@yahoo.com.br (R.C. Rank).

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Efficacy of a public promotion program on children's oral health☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Alves AP, Rank RC, Vilela JE, Rank MS, Ogawa WN, Molina OF. Efficacy of a public promotion program on children's oral health. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2018;94:518-24.

Abstract

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Efficacy of a public promotion program on children's oral health^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Alves AP, Rank RC, Vilela JE, Rank MS, Ogawa WN, Molina OF. Efficacy of a public promotion program on children's oral health. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2018;94:518-24.