MOTIVES FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PARTICIPATION AMONG LEBANESE ADULTS AGED 18 TO 50 YEARS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Ziab, Hussein; Ammash, Mohammad; Hariri, Hussein; Alaaeddine, Hussein

doi:10.4025/jphyseduc.v34i1.3407

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Original Article • J. Phys. Educ. 34 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.4025/jphyseduc.v34i1.3407 copy

MOTIVES FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PARTICIPATION AMONG LEBANESE ADULTS AGED 18 TO 50 YEARS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

MOTIVOS PARA PARTICIPAÇÃO DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA EM LIBANES ADULTOS DE 18 A 50 ANOS: UM ESTUDO TRANSVERSAL

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Background:

Sports participation motivations can be intrinsic, extrinsic, or even amotivational. Few studies on adult participation in PA have been found in the Lebanese context. This study aims to: a) investigate significant differences in sports participation motivation across gender, age, occupation, and time of practice, and b) investigate sports participation motives that discriminated the best between those variables.

Material and methods:

The Arabic version of the Sport Motivation Scale was collected electronically from 531 volunteers practicing regular PA for the last six months. Gender, occupation, marital status, and time of practice were all analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal Wallis Test with 0.05 as level of significance.

Results:

Internal motivation subscales (particularly the intention to accomplish) were the most influential motives for both genders. A significant difference across gender was reported in the extrinsic motivation and amotivation subscales. Furthermore, age, occupation, marital status, and time of practice show significant differences in motivation factors either dependent or regardless of gender distribution (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

no significant differences in the intrinsic motivation for sports participation between genders. Other factors, on the other hand, had a substantial impact.

Research contribution:

these findings are intended to contribute to a better understanding of differences in motivation for participating in PA and to aid in its promotion among Lebanese adults

Keywords:
SMS-28; Sport participation; extrinsic motivation; intrinsic motivation; amotivation; motives

		Median (IQR)	Mann-Whitney U Test	Kruskal Wallis Test
		Median (IQR)	Gender	Age	Occupation	Marital Status	Time of Practice
Internal Motivation	To Know	19 (10)	0.281	0.372	0.018	<0.0001	<0.0001
	To Accomplish	21 (8)	0.384	0.439	0.14	0.01	<0.0001
	To Experience	19 (8)	0.011	0.888	0.017	0.48	<0.0001
	Total	60 (24)	0.806	0.578	0.01	<0.0001	<0.0001
External Motivation	Identified Regulation	16 (7)	0.001	0.327	<0.0001	0.075	<0.0001
	Introjected Regulation	18 (7)	0.009	0.85	<0.0001	0.016	<0.0001
	External Regulation	14 (9)	<0.0001	0.129	<0.0001	0.008	<0.0001
	Total	48 (20)	<0.0001	0.47	<0.0001	0.016	<0.0001
Amotivation		7 (6)	0.004	0.045	0.001	0.001	0.009

Variables		Groups	Median (IQR)	Age	Occupation	Marital Status	Time of Practice
Internal Motivation	To Know	F (n=224)	19.5 (9)	0.093	0.029	<0.0001	<0.0001
	To Know	M (n=307)	19 (10)	0.583	0.001	0.003	<0.0001
	To Accomplish	F (n=224)	21.5 (8)	0.054	0.044	0.032	<0.0001
	To Accomplish	M (n=307)	21 (7)	0.624	0.003	0.122	0.001
	To Experience	F (n=224)	19 (7)	0.553	<0.0001	0.001	<0.0001
	To Experience	M (n=307)	20 (8)	0.782	0.037	0.661	0.001
	Total	F (n=224)	60 (20.75)	0.091	0.004	0.001	<0.0001
	Total	M (n=307)	59 (26)	0.591	0.003	0.052	<0.0001
External Motivation	Identified Regulation	F (n=224)	16 (9)	0.72	<0.0001	0.006	<0.0001
	Identified Regulation	M (n=307)	17 (7)	0.13	<0.0001	0.465	0.103
	Introjected Regulation	F (n=224)	17 (7)	0.893	<0.0001	0.001	<0.0001
	Introjected Regulation	M (n=307)	19 (6)	0.594	0.436	0.501	0.007
	External Regulation	F (n=224)	12 (9)	0.012	<0.0001	0.001	0.002
	External Regulation	M (n=307)	15 (8)	0.044	<0.0001	0.384	0.586
	Total	F (n=224)	42 (21)	0.212	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
	Total	M (n=307)	50 (20)	0.152	<0.0001	0.618	0.06
Amotivation		F (n=224)	7 (6.75)	0.458	0.074	0.001	<0.0001
Amotivation		M (n=307)	8 (5)	0.46	<0.0001	0.388	0.064

		Kolmogorov-Smirnova
		Statistic	df	Sig.
Age		0.233	531.000	0.000
Internal Motivation	To Know	0.079	531.000	0.000
	To Accomplish	0.096	531.000	0.000
	To Experience	0.080	531.000	0.000
	Total	0.073	531.000	0.000
External Motivation	Identified Regulation	0.051	531.000	0.002
	Introjected Regulation	0.076	531.000	0.000
	External Regulation	0.074	531.000	0.000
	Total	0.046	531.000	0.009
Amotivation		0.146	531.000	0.000

		F			M			Sum of %
		N	%	% General Population	N	%	% General Population
Age	18 - 25	92	41.1	17.3	111	36.2	20.9	38.2
	26-35	80	35.7	15.1	140	45.6	26.4	41.4
	36 - 45	48	21.4	9.0	36	11.7	6.8	15.8
	45 - 50	4	1.8	0.8	20	6.5	3.8	4.5
Job	Freelance	46	20.5	8.7	74	24.1	13.9	22.6
	Full time	75	33.5	14.1	119	38.8	22.4	36.5
	Jobless	16	7.1	3.0	11	3.6	2.1	5.1
	Part Time	19	8.5	3.6	10	3.3	1.9	5.5
	Student	68	30.4	12.8	93	30.3	17.5	30.3
Marital State	Divorced	16	7.1	3.0	0	0.0	0.0	3.0
	Married	64	28.6	12.1	112	36.5	21.1	33.1
	Single	136	60.7	25.6	191	62.2	36.0	61.6
	Widower	8	3.6	1.5	0	0.0	0.0	1.5
	PNA	0	0.0	0.0	4	1.3	0.8	0.8
Time Spent	<2	45	20.1	8.5	29	9.4	5.5	13.9
	2 to 3	83	37.1	15.6	56	18.2	10.5	26.2
	3 to 4	20	8.9	3.8	69	22.5	13.0	16.8
	4 to 5	34	15.2	6.4	44	14.3	8.3	14.7
	>5	42	18.8	7.9	109	35.5	20.5	28.4
Province	Beirut	65	29.0	12.2	79	25.7	14.9	27.1
	Bekaa	32	14.3	6.0	40	13.0	7.5	13.6
	Mount Lebanon	77	34.4	14.5	91	29.6	17.1	31.6
	North	17	7.6	3.2	31	10.1	5.8	9.0
	South	33	14.7	6.2	66	21.5	12.4	18.6

Variables	Classes	Population	IM			EM		AM
Variables	Classes	Population	Median	IQR	Median	IQR	Median	IQR
Age	15-25	F	59.00	29	42.00	24.5	6.00	6
		M	63.00	26	52.00	19	9.00	6
		F & M	59.00	26	49.00	22	7.00	6
	26-35	F	64.00	18.25	40.00	19.25	6.50	6.75
		M	60.00	27	50.00	20	8.00	6
		F & M	60.00	22	46.00	23	8.00	6
	36-45	F	60.00	23.75	46.00	21.25	7.00	8.75
		M	57.00	25	45.00	18	7.00	3
		F & M	58.00	25	46.00	20	7.00	5
	45-50	F	-	-	-	-	-	-
		M	62.00	23	54.00	8	10.00	3
		F & M	56.00	23	51.50	11	9.50	3
Marital Status	Single	F	60.00	25	41.00	25	6.00	6
		M	62.00	26	50.00	19	8.00	5
		F & M	60.00	26	48.00	23	7.00	6
	Divorced	F	63.00	21.25	56.00	31.25	5.50	3
		M	-	-	-	-	-	-
		F & M	63.00	21.25	56.00	31.25	5.50	3
	Widower	F	74.00	16	56.50	3	11.50	5
		M	-	-	-	-	-	-
		F & M	74.00	16	56.50	3	11.50	5
	Married	F	55.00	16.5	40.00	7	7.00	5.75
		M	57.00	27	49.50	21.75	8.00	4.75
		F & M	55.50	22	45.50	17.5	8.00	5.5
	PNA	F	-	-	-	-	-	-
		M	-	-	-	-	-	-
		F & M	-	-	-	-	-	-
Occupation	Students	F	59.50	16	40.00	20	6.00	6
		M	67.00	29	52.00	15	9.00	7
		F & M	60.00	25	49.00	20.5	7.00	6.5
	Freelance	F	58.00	18	40.00	15	5.00	5.25
		M	52.00	26	42.00	20	6.00	5.25
		F & M	55.00	22.25	41.00	16	6.00	5
	Jobless	F	68.00	12.25	63.00	24.25	7.50	7.75
		M	66.00	41	39.00	39	8.00	2
		F & M	66.00	5	55.00	32	8.00	3
	Full Time	F	60.00	25	46.00	22	7.00	6
		M	59.00	23	54.00	17	8.00	5
		F & M	59.50	21.5	50.50	20	8.00	5
	Part Time	F	49.00	17	34.00	11	10.00	7
		M	73.00	21.5	60.00	28.75	4.00	2.75
		F & M	63.00	31.5	38.00	33	6.00	9
Time of practice	<2 hrs.	F	51.00	19	39.00	14	11.00	6
		M	47.00	21.5	48.00	22	8.00	4.5
		F & M	49.00	17.5	40.00	13.5	8.00	6
	2-3 hrs.	F	63.00	19	46.00	23	7.00	4
		M	52.00	25.5	53.00	27.25	9.00	5
		F & M	58.00	25	46.00	24	7.00	5
	3-4 hrs.	F	55.00	8	53.00	15	7.00	1
		M	62.00	26	50.00	19	8.00	4
		F & M	61.00	25	53.00	20	7.00	4
	4-5 hrs.	F	60.00	20	41.00	15.25	6.00	6
		M	54.00	21	46.00	13	8.00	9
		F & M	57.00	20	45.00	21	7.00	6.5
	>5 hrs.	F	74.00	23	69.00	34	6.00	6
		M	68.00	21.5	52.00	17	8.00	7
		F & M	68.00	18	52.00	21	7.00	7

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[1] Correspondence Address: Hussein Ziab, PT, PhD. In physiotherapy, Beirut, Lebanon, h.ziab@usal.edu.lb.