A multilayer model to simulate rocket exhaust clouds

Moreir, Davidson Martins; Trindade, Leonardo Barboza; Fisch, Gilberto; Moraes, Marcelo Romero de; Dorado, Rodrigo Martins; Guedes, Roberto Lage

doi:10.5028/jatm.2011.03010311

Abstract

This paper presents the MSDEF (Modelo Simulador da Dispersão de Efluentes de Foguetes, in Portuguese) model, which represents the solution for time-dependent advection-diffusion equation applying the Laplace transform considering the Atmospheric Boundary Layer as a multilayer system. This solution allows a time evolution description of the concentration field emitted from a source during a release lasting time t_r , and it takes into account deposition velocity, first-order chemical reaction, gravitational settling, precipitation scavenging, and plume rise effect. This solution is suitable for describing critical events relative to accidental release of toxic, flammable, or explosive substances. A qualitative evaluation of the model to simulate rocket exhaust clouds is showed.

Keywords:
Alcântara Launch Center; Advection-diffusion equation; Atmospheric dispersion

Full text is available only in PDF.

REFERENCES

Abate, J., Valkó, P.P., 2004, "Multi-precision Laplace transform inversion", International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 60, pp. 979-993. doi: 10.1002/nme.995
» https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.995
Bianconi, R., Tamponi, M., 1993, "A mathematical model of diffusion from a steady source of short duration in a finite mixing layer", Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 781-792. doi:10.1016/0960-1686(93)90196-6
» https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90196-6
Bjorklund, J.R., Dumbauld, J.K, Cheney, C.S. and Geary, H.V., 1982, "User's manual for the REEDM (Rocket Exhaust Effluent Diffusion Model) compute program", NASA contractor report 3646. NASA George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL.
Bjorklund, J.R., 1990, "User instructions for the Real-Time Volume Source Dispersion Model (RTVSM)", H.E Cramer Company, Inc. Report TR-90-374-02, prepared for U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground, Dugway, UT.
Bjorklund, J.R., Bowers, J.F., Dodd, G.C. and White, J.M., 1998, "Open Burn/Open Detonation Dispersion Model (OBODM) users' guide", Vol. 2, Technical description. West desert test center, US Army Dugway proving ground, Dugway, Utah.
Briggs, G.A., 1975, "Plume Rise Predictions, Lectures on Air Pollution and Environmental Impact Analyses", D.A. Haugen ed., American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, pp. 59-111.
Degrazia, G.A., Campos Velho, H.F. and Carvalho, J.C., 1997, "Nonlocal exchange coefficients for the convective boundary layer derived from spectral properties", Contributions to Atmospheric Physics, Vol. 70, No. 1, pp. 57-64.
Degrazia, G.A., Mangia, C. and Rizza U. , 1998, "A comparison between different methods to estimate the lateral dispersion parameter under convective conditions", Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 37, pp. 227-231.
Dumbauld, R.K., Bjorklund, J.R. and Bowers, J.F., 1973, "NASA/MSFC multilayer diffusion models and computer program for operational prediction of toxic fuel hazards", NASA Contractor Report CR-129006, NASA George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL.
EPA-454/B-03-002, 2004. User's Guide for the AERMOD meteorological preprocessor (AERMET).
Gryning, S., Holtslag, A., Irwing, J. and Silversten, B., 1987, "Applied dispersion modeling based on meteorological scaling parameters", Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 21, pp. 79-89.
Hanna, S.R., 1989, "Confidence limit for air quality models as estimated by bootstrap and jacknife resampling methods", Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 23, pp. 1385-1395.
Hφjstrup, J., 1982, "Velocity spectra in the unstable boundary layer", Journal of Atmospheric Science, Vol. 39, pp. 2239-2248.
Huang, C.H., 1979, "A theory of dispersion in turbulent shear flow", Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 13, pp. 453-461.
Mangia, C., Moreira, D.M., Schipa, I., Degrazia, G.A., Tirabassi, T. and Rizza, U., 2002, "Evaluation of a new eddy diffusivity parameterisation from turbulent Eulerian spectra in different stability conditions", Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 36, pp. 67-76.
Moreira, D.M., Degrazia, G.A. and Vilhena, M.T., 1999, "Dispersion from low sources in a convective boundary layer: an analytical model", Il Nuovo Cimento, Vol. 22C, n.5, pp. 685-691.
Moreira, D.M., Rizza, U., Vilhena, M.T. and Goulart, A.G., 2005a, "Semi-analytical model for pollution dispersion in the planetary boundary layer", Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 39, No. 14, pp. 2689-2697.
Moreira, D.M, Carvalho, J.C., Goulart, A.G. and Tirabassi, T., 2005b, "Simulation of the dispersion of pollutants using two approaches for the case of a low source in the SBL: evaluation of turbulence parameterisations", Water, Air and Soil Pollution, Vol. 161, pp. 285-297.
Moreira, D.M, Ferreira Neto, P.V. and Carvalho, J.C., 2005c, "Analytical solution of the Eulerian dispersion equation for nonstationary conditions: development and evaluation", Environmental Modelling and Software, Vol. 20, No. 9, pp. 1159-1165.
Moreira, D.M., Tirabassi, T. and Carvalho, J.C., 2005d, "Plume dispersion simulation in low wind conditions in stable and convective boundary layers", Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 39, No. 20, pp. 3643-3650.
Moreira, D.M, Vilhena, M.T., Tirabassi, T., Costa, C. and Bodmann, B., 2006, "Simulation of pollutant dispersion in the atmosphere by the Laplace transform: the ADMM approach", Water, Air and Soil Pollution, Vol. 177, pp. 411-439.
Moreira, D.M., Trindade, L., 2010, "Manual do Usuário do Modelo MSDEF (Modelo Simulador da Dispersão de Efluentes de Foguetes)", Versão 1.0/2010, Relatório Técnico, CTA/IAE/ACA. 70pp.
Nyman, R.L., 2009, "NASA Report: Evaluation of Taurus II Static Test Firing and Normal Launch Rocket Plume Emissions".
Stephens, J.B., Stewart, R.B., 1977, "Rocket exhaust effluent modeling for thopospheric air quality and environmental assessment", National Aeronautics and Space Administration - NASA Technical Report.
Stroud, A.H., Secrest, D., 1966, "Gaussian Quadrature Formulas", Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice Hall, Inc.
Tirabassi, T., Rizza, U., 1997, "Boundary layer parameterization for a non-Gaussian puff model", Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 36, pp. 1031-1037.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
Jan-Apr 2011

History

Received
11 Feb 2011
Accepted
10 Mar 2011

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

[1] Abate, J., Valkó, P.P., 2004, "Multi-precision Laplace transform inversion", International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 60, pp. 979-993. doi: 10.1002/nme.995
» https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.995

[2] Bianconi, R., Tamponi, M., 1993, "A mathematical model of diffusion from a steady source of short duration in a finite mixing layer", Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 781-792. doi:10.1016/0960-1686(93)90196-6
» https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90196-6

[3] Bjorklund, J.R., Dumbauld, J.K, Cheney, C.S. and Geary, H.V., 1982, "User's manual for the REEDM (Rocket Exhaust Effluent Diffusion Model) compute program", NASA contractor report 3646. NASA George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL.

[4] Bjorklund, J.R., 1990, "User instructions for the Real-Time Volume Source Dispersion Model (RTVSM)", H.E Cramer Company, Inc. Report TR-90-374-02, prepared for U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground, Dugway, UT.

[5] Bjorklund, J.R., Bowers, J.F., Dodd, G.C. and White, J.M., 1998, "Open Burn/Open Detonation Dispersion Model (OBODM) users' guide", Vol. 2, Technical description. West desert test center, US Army Dugway proving ground, Dugway, Utah.

[6] Briggs, G.A., 1975, "Plume Rise Predictions, Lectures on Air Pollution and Environmental Impact Analyses", D.A. Haugen ed., American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, pp. 59-111.

[7] Degrazia, G.A., Campos Velho, H.F. and Carvalho, J.C., 1997, "Nonlocal exchange coefficients for the convective boundary layer derived from spectral properties", Contributions to Atmospheric Physics, Vol. 70, No. 1, pp. 57-64.

[8] Degrazia, G.A., Mangia, C. and Rizza U. , 1998, "A comparison between different methods to estimate the lateral dispersion parameter under convective conditions", Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 37, pp. 227-231.

[9] Dumbauld, R.K., Bjorklund, J.R. and Bowers, J.F., 1973, "NASA/MSFC multilayer diffusion models and computer program for operational prediction of toxic fuel hazards", NASA Contractor Report CR-129006, NASA George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL.

[10] EPA-454/B-03-002, 2004. User's Guide for the AERMOD meteorological preprocessor (AERMET).

[11] Gryning, S., Holtslag, A., Irwing, J. and Silversten, B., 1987, "Applied dispersion modeling based on meteorological scaling parameters", Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 21, pp. 79-89.

[12] Hanna, S.R., 1989, "Confidence limit for air quality models as estimated by bootstrap and jacknife resampling methods", Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 23, pp. 1385-1395.

[13] Hφjstrup, J., 1982, "Velocity spectra in the unstable boundary layer", Journal of Atmospheric Science, Vol. 39, pp. 2239-2248.

[14] Huang, C.H., 1979, "A theory of dispersion in turbulent shear flow", Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 13, pp. 453-461.

[15] Mangia, C., Moreira, D.M., Schipa, I., Degrazia, G.A., Tirabassi, T. and Rizza, U., 2002, "Evaluation of a new eddy diffusivity parameterisation from turbulent Eulerian spectra in different stability conditions", Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 36, pp. 67-76.

[16] Moreira, D.M., Degrazia, G.A. and Vilhena, M.T., 1999, "Dispersion from low sources in a convective boundary layer: an analytical model", Il Nuovo Cimento, Vol. 22C, n.5, pp. 685-691.

[17] Moreira, D.M., Rizza, U., Vilhena, M.T. and Goulart, A.G., 2005a, "Semi-analytical model for pollution dispersion in the planetary boundary layer", Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 39, No. 14, pp. 2689-2697.

[18] Moreira, D.M, Carvalho, J.C., Goulart, A.G. and Tirabassi, T., 2005b, "Simulation of the dispersion of pollutants using two approaches for the case of a low source in the SBL: evaluation of turbulence parameterisations", Water, Air and Soil Pollution, Vol. 161, pp. 285-297.

[19] Moreira, D.M, Ferreira Neto, P.V. and Carvalho, J.C., 2005c, "Analytical solution of the Eulerian dispersion equation for nonstationary conditions: development and evaluation", Environmental Modelling and Software, Vol. 20, No. 9, pp. 1159-1165.

[20] Moreira, D.M., Tirabassi, T. and Carvalho, J.C., 2005d, "Plume dispersion simulation in low wind conditions in stable and convective boundary layers", Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 39, No. 20, pp. 3643-3650.

[21] Moreira, D.M, Vilhena, M.T., Tirabassi, T., Costa, C. and Bodmann, B., 2006, "Simulation of pollutant dispersion in the atmosphere by the Laplace transform: the ADMM approach", Water, Air and Soil Pollution, Vol. 177, pp. 411-439.

[22] Moreira, D.M., Trindade, L., 2010, "Manual do Usuário do Modelo MSDEF (Modelo Simulador da Dispersão de Efluentes de Foguetes)", Versão 1.0/2010, Relatório Técnico, CTA/IAE/ACA. 70pp.

[23] Nyman, R.L., 2009, "NASA Report: Evaluation of Taurus II Static Test Firing and Normal Launch Rocket Plume Emissions".

[24] Stephens, J.B., Stewart, R.B., 1977, "Rocket exhaust effluent modeling for thopospheric air quality and environmental assessment", National Aeronautics and Space Administration - NASA Technical Report.

[25] Stroud, A.H., Secrest, D., 1966, "Gaussian Quadrature Formulas", Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice Hall, Inc.

[26] Tirabassi, T., Rizza, U., 1997, "Boundary layer parameterization for a non-Gaussian puff model", Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 36, pp. 1031-1037.

Brasil