Large Eddy Simulation of Bluff Body Stabilized Turbulent Premixed Flame

Salvador, Nicolas Moisés Cruz; Mendonça, Márcio Teixeira de; Dourado, Wladimyr Mattos da Costa

doi:10.5028/jatm.v5i2.245

ABSTRACT:

A turbulent reacting flow in a channel with an obstacle was simulated computationally with large eddy simulation turbulence modeling and the Xi turbulent combustion model for premixed flame. The numerical model was implemented in the open source software OpenFoam. Both inert flow and reactive flow simulations were performed. In the inert flow, comparisons with velocity profile and recirculation vortex zone were performed as well as an analysis of the energy spectrum obtained numerically. The simulation with reacting flow considered a pre-mixture of propane (C ₃ H ₈) and air such that the equivalence ratio was equal to 0.65, with a theoretical adiabatic flame temperature of 1,800 K. The computational results were compared to experimental ones available in the literature. The equivalence ratio, inlet flow velocity, pressure, flame-holder shape and size, fuel type and turbulence intensity were taken from an experimental set up. The results shown in the present simulations are in good agreement with the experimental data.

KEYWORDS:
Computational fluid dynamics; Reacting flow; Large eddy simulation; Combustion modeling

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REFERENCES

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Chaudhuri, S., Kostka, S., Tuttle, S.G., Renfro, M.W. and Cetegen, B.M., 2011, “Blow off mechanism of two dimensional bluff body stabilized turbulent premixed flames in a prototypical combustor”. Combustion and Flame, Vol. 158, No 7, pp. 1358-1371.
Cheng, R.K., 1984, “Conditional sampling of turbulence intensities and Reynolds stress in premixed turbulent flames”. Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 41, pp.109-142.
Cheng, R.K., Shepherd, I.G. and Gokalp, I., 1989, “A comparison of the velocity and scalar spectra in premixed turbulent flames”. Combustion and Flame, Vol.78, No 2, pp. 205-221.
Cheng, R.K. and Shepherd, I.G., 1991, “The influence of burner geometry on premixed turbulent flame propagation”. Combustion and Flame, Vol. 85, No 1-2, pp. 7-26.
Dourado, W.M.C., 2003, “Desenvolvimento de um método numérico em malhas não estruturadas híbridas para escoamentos turbulentos em baixo número de Mach: aplicação em chama propagando-se livremente e esteiras inertes e reativas”. Tese (Doutorado), Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos.
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Frendi, A., Skarath, G. and Tosh, A., 2004, “Prediction of noise radiated by flow over a smooth square cylinder”. Proceedings of the 10th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Manchester, UK.
Fureby, C., Tabor, G., Weller, H.G. and Gosman, A.D., 1997, “A comparative study of subgrid scale models in homogeneous isotropic turbulence”. Physics of fluids, Vol. 9, No 5, pp. 1416-1429.
Ge, H.W., Zhu, M., Chen, Y. and Gutheil, E., 2007, “Hybrid unsteady RANS and PDF method for turbulent non-reactive and reactive flows”. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion. Vol. 78, No 2, pp. 91-109.
Ghosal, S., Lund, T., Moin, P. and Akselvoll, K., 1995, “A dynamic localization model for large-eddy simulation of turbulent flows”. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 286, pp. 229-255.
Jayatilleke, C., 1969, “The influence of prandtl number and surface roughness on the resistance of the laminar sublayer to momentum and heat transfer”. Prog. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 1, pp. 193-321.
Kerstein, A.R., 1989, “Linear-eddy modeling of turbulent transport II. Application to shear layer mixing”, Combustion and Flame, Vol. 75, No 3-4, pp. 397-413.
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Peters, N., 2000, “Turbulent Combustion”, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge .
Pope, S.B., 2000, “Turbulent Flows”. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge .
Porumbel, I. and Menon S., 2006, “Large Eddy Simulation of Bluff Body Stabilized Premixed Flame”, AIAA 2006-152.
Sanquer, S., 1998, “Experimental Study of a Bluff Body Wake, in Presence of Combustion, in Fully Developed Turbulent Channel Flow. Turbulence Scales and Critical Analysis of Transport and Combustion Models”, Ph.D. Thesis, Université de Poitiers, Potiers.
Saghafian, M., Stansby, P.K., Saidi M.S. and Apsley, D.D., 2003, “Simulation of turbulent flows around a circular cylinder using nonlinear eddy viscosity modelling: steady and oscillatory ambient flows”. Journal of Fluids and Structures, Vol. 17, No 8, pp. 1213-1236.
Sjunesson, A., Henriksson, R. and Lofstrom, C., 1992, “Cars measurements and visualization of reacting flows in bluff body stabilized flame”. AIAA-92-3650.
Sjunnesson, A., Olovsson, S. and Sjoblom, B., 1991, “Volvo Flygmotor internal report”, VFA9370-308.
Tabor, G. and Weller, H.G., 2004, “Large eddy simulation of premixed turbulent combustion using Xi flame surface wrinkling model”. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion , Vol. 72, pp. 1-28.
Tabor, G.R. and Baba-Ahmadi, M.H., 2010, “Inlet conditions for large eddy simulation: a review”. Computers & Fluids , Vol. 39, No 4, pp. 553-567.
Veynante, D., 2006, “Large eddy simulation of turbulent combustion”. Conference on Turbulence and Interaction, Vol. TI 2006, p. 20, Porquerolles, France.
Weller, H.G., Marooney, C.J. and Gosman, A.D., 1990, “A new spectral method for calculation of the time varying area of laminar flame in homogeneous turbulence”. Proceedings of the 23rd Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Vol. Twenty-third Symposium, pp. 629-636.
Weller, H.G., 1993, “The development of a new flame area combustion model using conditional averaging”. Thermo-Fluids Section Report TF 9307, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London.
Weller, H.G., Tabor, G., Gosman, A. and Fureby, C., 1998, “Application of a flame-wrinkling les combustion model to a turbulent mixing layer”, Symposium (International) on Combustion, The combustion Institute, Vol. 27, No 1, pp. 899-907.
Yoshizawa, A. and Horiuti, K., 1985, “A statistically-derived subgridscale kinetic energy model for the large-eddy simulation of turbulence flows”. Journal of Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 54, pp. 2834-2839.
Zimont, V.L. and Lipatnikov, A.N., 1995, “A numerical model of premixed turbulent combustion of gases”. Chemical Physics Report, Vol. 14, No 7, pp. 993-1025.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
Apr-Jun 2013

History

Received
22 June 2012
Accepted
13 Dec 2012

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

[1] Akula, R.A., Sadiki, A. and Janicka, J., 2006, “Large Eddy Simulation of Bluff Body Stabilized Flame by Using Flame Surface Density Approach”. Proceedings of the European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics. ECCOMAS CFD.

[2] Bai, X.S. and Fuchs, L., 1994, “Modeling of turbulent reactive flows past a bluff body: Assessment of accuracy and efficiency”. Computers & Fluids, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 507-521.

[3] Borghi, R. and Destriau, M., 1998, “Combustion and Flames: chemical and physical principles”. Éditions TECHNIP.

[4] Boger, M. and Veynante, D., 2000, “Large eddy simulations of a turbulent premixed V-shape flame”. In: Advances in Turbulence VIII, Proceedings of the Eighth European Turbulence Conference, Barcelona, pp. 449-452.

[5] Candel, S., 1992, “Combustion instabilities coupled by pressure waves and their active control”. Symposium (International) on Combustion, Vol. 24, No 1, pp. 1277-1296.

[6] Chaudhuri, S., Kostka, S., Tuttle, S.G., Renfro, M.W. and Cetegen, B.M., 2011, “Blow off mechanism of two dimensional bluff body stabilized turbulent premixed flames in a prototypical combustor”. Combustion and Flame, Vol. 158, No 7, pp. 1358-1371.

[7] Cheng, R.K., 1984, “Conditional sampling of turbulence intensities and Reynolds stress in premixed turbulent flames”. Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 41, pp.109-142.

[8] Cheng, R.K., Shepherd, I.G. and Gokalp, I., 1989, “A comparison of the velocity and scalar spectra in premixed turbulent flames”. Combustion and Flame, Vol.78, No 2, pp. 205-221.

[9] Cheng, R.K. and Shepherd, I.G., 1991, “The influence of burner geometry on premixed turbulent flame propagation”. Combustion and Flame, Vol. 85, No 1-2, pp. 7-26.

[10] Dourado, W.M.C., 2003, “Desenvolvimento de um método numérico em malhas não estruturadas híbridas para escoamentos turbulentos em baixo número de Mach: aplicação em chama propagando-se livremente e esteiras inertes e reativas”. Tese (Doutorado), Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos.

[11] Eriksson, P., 2007, “The Zimont TFC model applied to premixed bluff body stabilized combustion using four different RANS turbulence models”. Proceedings of ASME GT2007, ASME Turbo Expo 2007, Vol. 2, pp. 353-361, Montreal.

[12] Frendi, A., Skarath, G. and Tosh, A., 2004, “Prediction of noise radiated by flow over a smooth square cylinder”. Proceedings of the 10th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Manchester, UK.

[13] Fureby, C., Tabor, G., Weller, H.G. and Gosman, A.D., 1997, “A comparative study of subgrid scale models in homogeneous isotropic turbulence”. Physics of fluids, Vol. 9, No 5, pp. 1416-1429.

[14] Ge, H.W., Zhu, M., Chen, Y. and Gutheil, E., 2007, “Hybrid unsteady RANS and PDF method for turbulent non-reactive and reactive flows”. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion. Vol. 78, No 2, pp. 91-109.

[15] Ghosal, S., Lund, T., Moin, P. and Akselvoll, K., 1995, “A dynamic localization model for large-eddy simulation of turbulent flows”. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 286, pp. 229-255.

[16] Jayatilleke, C., 1969, “The influence of prandtl number and surface roughness on the resistance of the laminar sublayer to momentum and heat transfer”. Prog. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 1, pp. 193-321.

[17] Kerstein, A.R., 1989, “Linear-eddy modeling of turbulent transport II. Application to shear layer mixing”, Combustion and Flame, Vol. 75, No 3-4, pp. 397-413.

[18] Kiel, B., Garwick, L.K., Gord, J.G., Miller, J. and Lynch, A., 2007, “A detailed investigation of bluff body stabilized flames”. AIAA 2007168, Proceedings of the 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit 8 - 11 January 2007, Reno, Nevada.

[19] Lovett, J.A., Brogan, T.P., Philippona, D.S., Keil, B.V. and Thompson, T.V., 2004, “Development Needs for Advanced Afterburner Designs”, Proceedings of the 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

[20] Manickam, B., Franke, J., Muppala, S.P. and Dinkelacker, F., 2012, “Large-eddy Simulation of Triangular-stabilized Lean Premixed Turbulent Flames: Quality and Error Assessment”. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion . Vol. 88, No 4, pp. 563-596.

[21] Menon, S., McMurtry, P.A. and Kerstein, A.R., 1993, “A linear eddy mixing model for large eddy simulation of turbulent combustion”, In: Galperin, B. and Orszag, S. (Eds.), “Large Eddy Simulation of Complex Engineering and Geophysical Flows”, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 287-314.

[22] Park, N.S. and Ko, S.C., 2011, “Large eddy simulation of turbulent premixed combustion flow around bluff body”. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, Vol. 25, No 9, pp. 2227-2235.

[23] Peters, N., 2000, “Turbulent Combustion”, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge .

[24] Pope, S.B., 2000, “Turbulent Flows”. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge .

[25] Porumbel, I. and Menon S., 2006, “Large Eddy Simulation of Bluff Body Stabilized Premixed Flame”, AIAA 2006-152.

[26] Sanquer, S., 1998, “Experimental Study of a Bluff Body Wake, in Presence of Combustion, in Fully Developed Turbulent Channel Flow. Turbulence Scales and Critical Analysis of Transport and Combustion Models”, Ph.D. Thesis, Université de Poitiers, Potiers.

[27] Saghafian, M., Stansby, P.K., Saidi M.S. and Apsley, D.D., 2003, “Simulation of turbulent flows around a circular cylinder using nonlinear eddy viscosity modelling: steady and oscillatory ambient flows”. Journal of Fluids and Structures, Vol. 17, No 8, pp. 1213-1236.

[28] Sjunesson, A., Henriksson, R. and Lofstrom, C., 1992, “Cars measurements and visualization of reacting flows in bluff body stabilized flame”. AIAA-92-3650.

[29] Sjunnesson, A., Olovsson, S. and Sjoblom, B., 1991, “Volvo Flygmotor internal report”, VFA9370-308.

[30] Tabor, G. and Weller, H.G., 2004, “Large eddy simulation of premixed turbulent combustion using Xi flame surface wrinkling model”. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion , Vol. 72, pp. 1-28.

[31] Tabor, G.R. and Baba-Ahmadi, M.H., 2010, “Inlet conditions for large eddy simulation: a review”. Computers & Fluids , Vol. 39, No 4, pp. 553-567.

[32] Veynante, D., 2006, “Large eddy simulation of turbulent combustion”. Conference on Turbulence and Interaction, Vol. TI 2006, p. 20, Porquerolles, France.

[33] Weller, H.G., Marooney, C.J. and Gosman, A.D., 1990, “A new spectral method for calculation of the time varying area of laminar flame in homogeneous turbulence”. Proceedings of the 23rd Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Vol. Twenty-third Symposium, pp. 629-636.

[34] Weller, H.G., 1993, “The development of a new flame area combustion model using conditional averaging”. Thermo-Fluids Section Report TF 9307, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London.

[35] Weller, H.G., Tabor, G., Gosman, A. and Fureby, C., 1998, “Application of a flame-wrinkling les combustion model to a turbulent mixing layer”, Symposium (International) on Combustion, The combustion Institute, Vol. 27, No 1, pp. 899-907.

[36] Yoshizawa, A. and Horiuti, K., 1985, “A statistically-derived subgridscale kinetic energy model for the large-eddy simulation of turbulence flows”. Journal of Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 54, pp. 2834-2839.

[37] Zimont, V.L. and Lipatnikov, A.N., 1995, “A numerical model of premixed turbulent combustion of gases”. Chemical Physics Report, Vol. 14, No 7, pp. 993-1025.

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